No abstract available.
Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem* ; Rabbits*

BACKGROUND: The peak flowmeter is very useful in monitoring of out-patients as well as those in emergency departments because of its convenience and simplicity with low cost. There have been many studies aimed at determining the accuracy and reproducibility of the peak flow meter in normal population. However, there is a paucity of reports regarding its accuracy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) or asthma. The accuracy of the peak expiratory flow(PEF) measured with a mini-Wright peak flowmeter was assessed by a comparison with the results of a mass flow sensor. METHODS: The PEF measurements were performed in 108 patients aged 19-82 years presenting with either a chronic obstructive lung disease or asthma before and after inhaling salbutamol. The PEF measurements from the mini-Wright flowmeter were compared with those obtained by the calibrated mass flow sensor. RESULTS: The average of the readings taken by the mini-Wright meter were 37-39 l/min higher than those taken by the mass flow sensor. The average percentage error of the mini-Wright meter were higher, ranging less than 300 l/min. The mean of the differences between the values obtained using both instruments (the bias)±limits of agreement(±2 SD) were 37.1±90 l/min for the PEF(p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The mini-Wright peak flowmeter overestimated the flows in patients with COPD or asthma. It was also found that the accuracy of the mini-Wright peak flowmeter decreased in its mid to low range. The limits of agreement are wide and the difference between the two instruments is signigicant. Therefore, the measurements made between the two types of machines in patients with asthma or COPD cannot be used in terchangeably.
Albuterol ; Asthma* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Flowmeters* ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Outpatients ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* ; Reading

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Female ; Humans

We report herein a case of eosinophilic pustular follicultis in a 20-year-old man. The patient showed typical clinical picture with specific laboratory and histopathological findings of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. The patient responded well to systemic administration of corticosteroid and dapsone.
Dapsone ; Eosinophils* ; Folliculitis* ; Humans ; Young Adult

Deliberate hypotension reduces bleeding in a wound, there by providing the surgeon with both better visibility and technical freedom for a more definitive dissection and minimizes the need for blood replacement, thereby reducing the risks of transfusion reactions, hepatitis, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AlDS). anesthesia With major development in surgery for spine problems in this century there are many reports and studies about the pathophysiology of spine, cord hemodynamics and functional monitoring about spinal cord activity during induced hypotension. Although by the comparative studies of vasodilator deliberate hypotension with nitroprusside was found to induce a reliable and rapid drop in blood pressure, we have found some different responses to the chosen vasodilators between the older, less active groups and the healthy, robust, and physically active groups. In this study we evaluated the hypotensive anesthesia for 42 cases of spinal surgery-posterior stabilization, spinal fusion, laminectomy, osteotomies, and discectomy-performed at Kwangju Christian Hoispital from May 1987 to May 1988. The result of our study was as follows: 1) Halothane and enflurane were used as primary anesthetics in 31 and ll cases respectively. Nitroprusside, hydralazine and both of this two vasodilatora were supplementarily used for inducing hypotensin in 14, 16 and 5 cases, respectively. 2) Although in many paient particularly in the older and less active groups, the combination of halogenated anesthetics and hydralazine are sufficient to produce appropriate operating conditions, in healthy, robust and physicaly active groups nitroprusside or even the combination of two vasodilators are required. 3) The mean arterial pressure of the lowest blood pressure in the induced hypotension was 60.5+/-11.6 mmHg. 4)The mean blood loss and blood replacement was 1242.2+/-769 ml and 925.4+/-854 ml respectively. 5) In the intraoperative period gas analysis arterial CO2 tension was 34.2+/-6.6mmHg and other values was within normal limit. 6) There was no significant perioperative and postoperative complication due to induced hypotension itself. In conclusion, the technique of using induced hypotension with inhalation anesthetics supplemented by nitroprusside, hydralazine, or both is safe and useful one to use in performing surgery for spinal problems.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthetics ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; Blood Pressure ; Enflurane ; Freedom ; Gwangju ; Halothane ; Hemodynamics ; Hemorrhage ; Hepatitis ; Hydralazine ; Hypotension ; Intraoperative Period ; Laminectomy ; Nitroprusside ; Osteotomy ; Postoperative Complications ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Fusion ; Spine ; Vasodilator Agents ; Wounds and Injuries

For the study on the effect of retinoic acid on the formation of palatal rugae and the cleft palate, retinoic acid was administered orally 150mg/kg of body weight by gastric tube at GD 10.5 to Sprague-Dawley rats. The pregnant rats were sacrificed on GD 17.5 under ether anesthesia, and laparatomized. After removal of uterus, the number of pregnant sacs and fetuses were counted. The fetuses weighed, the MEE (medial edge epithelium) thickness measured and the mitotic figures counted after routine processing and H·E stain. All the palates were photographed, and the number of rugae & the rugal pattern analysed. TEM photographs of MEE cells were observed after routine processing. The results were as follows ; 1. Rat fetus body weight after retinoic acid treatment increased significantly compared with the control group. 2. Mitotic figures in the retinoic acid treated group increased significantly compared with control group. 3. In the retinoic acid treated group, 79.3% of fetuses had cleft palates. Among fetuses with cleft palates, complete cleft palates were 10.6%, incomplete cleft palate 89.4%. Incomplete clefts were of two types ; median type (cleft palate at the intermolar region) and soft palate type (cleft posterior to the 8th rugae). Median type was 64.6% and the soft palate type 35.4%. 4. 2.3% of the fetuses had the numerical anomaly of the palatal rugae in the control group, but that of retinoic acid treated group 87.7%. 5. 17.4% of palatal rugae of the control group was disrupted, but 100% of the retinoic acid treated group disrupted. 6. Rugal papillae were observed in the 15.1% of fetuses of the control group and 63.1% of fetuses of the retinoic acid treated group. 7. Longitudinal rugae were observed in 19% of fetuses of the retinoic acid treated group, but not in the control group. 8. In TEM photographs, cytoplasmic processes, intercellular space, and desmosomes decreased. Swelling of mitochondria & ER were also found in the retinoic acid treated groups. According to the above results, it appears that there is close relationship between palatal rugae and cleft palates, and that excess retinoic acid induces disruption of pattern and numerical variations of rat fetus palate rugae. Also retinoic acid has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of medial edge epithelial cells of palatal shelves. The cleft palates may be induced by the above mentioned retinoic acid effects. But, the exact mechanisms of retinoic acid on cleft palate formation is not thoroughly known and should be further studied.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Cleft Palate* ; Cytoplasm ; Desmosomes ; Epithelial Cells ; Ether ; Extracellular Space ; Fetus ; Mitochondria ; Palate ; Palate, Soft ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tretinoin* ; Uterus

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Seoul*

Detection of tears of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) with MRI is usually based on the appearance of the ligament. However, other MRI findings may be useful in establishing the diagnosis. We assessed these associated injuries in the cases of complete tears of the PCL, reviewing MRls. We evaluated 26 patients who received PCL reconstruction with complete tear of posterior cruciate ligament from Feb 1995 to May 1997 retrospectively. We studied associated findings with PCL injuries. Anterior tibial plateau lesions were found in 15 of 26 cases (57.7%). Meniscal injuries were found in 8 of 26 cases (30.8%). Popliteus muscular injuries was found in 7 of 26 cases (26.9%). Capsular injuries were found in 2 of 26 cases (7.7%). Retinacular injury which has never been described in PCL injuries, was found in 7 cases (26.9%, P>0.05), Other ligamentous injuries were associated in 22 of 26 cases (84.6%). Medial collateral ligament injuries were found in 16 of 22 (61.5%, P<0.05) cases. The frequency of associated ligamentous injury and meniscal tear correlated well with results reported by other authors. The presence and location of bone contusions and fractures correlated with the mechanisms of injury; the anterior tibial plateau was the most commonly affected site. We concluded that the associated injuries were very helpful in diagnosing PCL injuries with MRI.
Collateral Ligaments ; Contusions ; Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Knee* ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Retrospective Studies

A case of generalized primary amyloidosis with a reveiw of the literatures is reported. The 38 year old patient suffered from malabsorption syndrome for a year and was presented chronic renal failure with renal enlargment, myxedema and hemorrhagic gastritis. Biopsy of kidney and stomach revealed characteristic findings of amyloidosis by congo red stain and electronmicroscopy.
Adult ; Amyloidosis* ; Biopsy ; Congo Red ; Gastritis ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Malabsorption Syndromes* ; Myxedema ; Stomach

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) phenotype plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AIDS. The presence of syncytium-inducing (SI) HIV-1 isolates in infected persons is associated with a rapid decline of CD4+T cells (CD4+), rapid disease progression, and reduced survival time after AIDS diagnosis. We have reported the effects of Korean red ginseng (KRG) on HIV-1 infected patients. To investigate whether KRG affects HIV-1 at gene level and there is a correlation between genotype and decline of CD4+, the C2-V3 region of env gene from 65 HIV-1 isolates were cloned and sequenced. Distributions of subtype were subtype B 57 (88%), subtype A 4 (6%), subtype C 2 (3%), subtype G 1 (2%), and subtype H 1 (2%). The prevalences of SI according to the number of CD4+ are as follows; 40% (6/15) in CD4+ <100/ ul, 14% (1/7) in 100-200/ul, and 2% (1/43) in >200/ul. Seventy-five percent (6/8) of SI were detected in rapid progressor with the decline of CD4+ over 60/ul per year. The correlation between SI genotype and the detection of immune complex dissociated (ICD) p24 antigen was significant (p<0.001). In the 40 patients followed-up over 60 months by CD4+, there was significant correlation between annual decrease of CD4+ and duration of KRG intake (R=-0.380, p<0.01), whereas no correlation between CD4+ and zidovudine (ZDV) was observed. The intrapatient variation of amino acid level showed significant inverse correlation with the months of KRG intake (R=-0.47, p<0.01). These results suggest that the determination of genotype by C2- V3 sequencing may be used for the evaluation of prognosis of AIDS patient, and long-term intake of KRG may prevent or delay the progression from NSI to SI.
Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Clone Cells ; Diagnosis ; Disease Progression ; Genes, env* ; Genotype ; HIV* ; HIV-1* ; Humans* ; Panax* ; Phenotype ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Sequence Analysis* ; Zidovudine