1.The Experience of Concurrent Review of blood Transfusion Requests.
Young Ae LIM ; Hee Sun JEON ; Yun Sik KWAK
Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion 1996;7(2):163-172
Blood utilization review has recently been used to minimize inappropriate transfusion, reduce post transfusion infections and improve the quality of transfusion practices. Ajou University Hospital is a 906 bed tertiary care teaching institution. Since March, 1995, the concurrent review of blood transfusion requests using institutional blood transfusion criteria has been initiated. To evaluate the effectiveness of the transfusion review, the units of blood components transfused per patient(total number of units of blood components transfused/total number of patients discharged) and inappropriate transfusion ratio of blood components(total number of units of blood components inappropriately transfused/total number of units of blood components transfused) were compared during the concurrent review for 9 months and pre-concurrent review for 9 months, respectively. The possible savings of blood components realized by the review were also extrapolated. The results were as follows : 1. The unit transfused per patient for pre-review and during review were 0.675 (9,080/ 13,422) and 0.654(12,123/18,546) for packed RBC(PRBC); 0.417 (5,602/ 13,422) and 0.296 (5,444/18,546) for fresh frozen plasma(FFP); 0.372(5,007/13,422) and 0.424(7,868/18,546) for platelet con-centrates(PC), respectively. 2. The inappropriate transfusion ratio of blood components for pre-review and during review were 0.039 and 0.009 for PRBC; 0.321 and 0.064 for FFP; 0.143 and 0.008 for PC, respectively. These differences were statistically significant(p=0.000). 3. The PRBC and FFP anticipated to have been saved by this review was 519 units and 2,992 units annually, respectively. 4. However, 2,621 units of PC were used additionaly during this review due to increased number of oncology patients and better hemostatic therapy practiced during the same period. In conclusion, the concurrent review of transfusion requests was very effective tool to educate residents in clinical departments the transfusion medicine and improve utilization of blood and its components.
Blood Platelets
;
Blood Transfusion*
;
Concurrent Review*
;
Humans
;
Income
;
Tertiary Healthcare
;
Transfusion Medicine
;
Utilization Review
2.Yŏm Sŭngik(廉承益) and Healing through the Conception of the Baoqieyin Dhāra ī-Ma ala Image in the Late Goryeo Dynasty
Korean Journal of Medical History 2024;33(3):563-597
Yŏm Sŭngik (廉承益) was a ch’ongshin (寵臣) or court favorite of the late Goryeo dynasty who was recognized for his ability to cure diseases using dhār ī and subsequently appointed prime minister of the country. Yŏm’s quick ascension to such a distinguished post attests to the great significance of dhāra ī among the people of Goryeo. Memorizing dhāra ī as a way to obtain one’s desire was a preexisting concept in the Silla period. However, unlike their predecessors, the people of Goryeo preferred the Baoqieyin Dhāra ī (寶篋印陀羅尼, Precious Casket Seal Dhāra ī) over the Mugujŏnggwang Taedaranigyŏng (無垢淨光大陀羅尼 經, The Great Dhāra ī Sutra) as they believed the former text to be a more concise and effective vehicle for serving their needs.In this article I propose that Yŏm Sŭngik used his understanding of the period’s spiritual and religious beliefs to combine the Baoqieyin Dhāra ī with the ma ala of Esoteric Buddhism to create a new iconographic image in 1276. Sixteen years later in 1292, Yŏm supplemented the original image with spells from the Baoqieyin Dhāra ī and added other details such as the name of the image’s creator as well as the place and date of production. In this new version of the dhāra ī-ma ala image, the various mantras from Baoqieyin Dhāra ī are arranged in a circle that is imbued with the power of dhāra ī and its therapeutic potency. The center of the circle is a ma ala composed an eight-petaled lotus as well as the thirty-seven deities symbolizing the birth and source of life. In this way, Yŏm condensed the essential components of Buddhist ideology that most appealed to believers to create a modified dhāra ī-ma ala image that was produced in great quantities and distributed throughout Goryeo.Both the 1276 and 1292 versions of Yŏm’s dhāra ī-ma ala discovered in Buddhist sculpture. However, only the latter image continued to be made after the Goryeo dynasty. One example of the second version was found stamped on a silk chŏgori discovered in the Wooden Seated Child Mañju rī statue of Sangwŏnsa Temple in P’yŏngch’ang. Created in 1466, the Mañju rī statue was an important commission by the royal court. Thus, the stamped image of Yŏm’s 1292 dhāra ī-ma ala in this example of Buddhist sculpture demonstrates the influence and relevance of a new iconography that had persisted well into the Joseon dynasty.The dhāra ī-ma ala image conceived by Yŏm Sŭngik in 1292 was worn or kept on the body in the belief that this act alone protected the wearer from affliction. Known as “an old man who practiced thaumaturgy by memorizing spells,” Yŏm created the dhāra ī-ma ala as an iconographic instrument that would cure any sickness that might plague the bearer. Perhaps most importantly, the new dhāra ī-ma ala image was accessible to all as both a convenient and affordable means of healing. Lastly, Yŏm’s dhāra ī-ma ala was also incorporated into the garments of bodhisattva and Buddha statues, which served to amplify their divine powers of dhāra ī.
3.Yŏm Sŭngik(廉承益) and Healing through the Conception of the Baoqieyin Dhāra ī-Ma ala Image in the Late Goryeo Dynasty
Korean Journal of Medical History 2024;33(3):563-597
Yŏm Sŭngik (廉承益) was a ch’ongshin (寵臣) or court favorite of the late Goryeo dynasty who was recognized for his ability to cure diseases using dhār ī and subsequently appointed prime minister of the country. Yŏm’s quick ascension to such a distinguished post attests to the great significance of dhāra ī among the people of Goryeo. Memorizing dhāra ī as a way to obtain one’s desire was a preexisting concept in the Silla period. However, unlike their predecessors, the people of Goryeo preferred the Baoqieyin Dhāra ī (寶篋印陀羅尼, Precious Casket Seal Dhāra ī) over the Mugujŏnggwang Taedaranigyŏng (無垢淨光大陀羅尼 經, The Great Dhāra ī Sutra) as they believed the former text to be a more concise and effective vehicle for serving their needs.In this article I propose that Yŏm Sŭngik used his understanding of the period’s spiritual and religious beliefs to combine the Baoqieyin Dhāra ī with the ma ala of Esoteric Buddhism to create a new iconographic image in 1276. Sixteen years later in 1292, Yŏm supplemented the original image with spells from the Baoqieyin Dhāra ī and added other details such as the name of the image’s creator as well as the place and date of production. In this new version of the dhāra ī-ma ala image, the various mantras from Baoqieyin Dhāra ī are arranged in a circle that is imbued with the power of dhāra ī and its therapeutic potency. The center of the circle is a ma ala composed an eight-petaled lotus as well as the thirty-seven deities symbolizing the birth and source of life. In this way, Yŏm condensed the essential components of Buddhist ideology that most appealed to believers to create a modified dhāra ī-ma ala image that was produced in great quantities and distributed throughout Goryeo.Both the 1276 and 1292 versions of Yŏm’s dhāra ī-ma ala discovered in Buddhist sculpture. However, only the latter image continued to be made after the Goryeo dynasty. One example of the second version was found stamped on a silk chŏgori discovered in the Wooden Seated Child Mañju rī statue of Sangwŏnsa Temple in P’yŏngch’ang. Created in 1466, the Mañju rī statue was an important commission by the royal court. Thus, the stamped image of Yŏm’s 1292 dhāra ī-ma ala in this example of Buddhist sculpture demonstrates the influence and relevance of a new iconography that had persisted well into the Joseon dynasty.The dhāra ī-ma ala image conceived by Yŏm Sŭngik in 1292 was worn or kept on the body in the belief that this act alone protected the wearer from affliction. Known as “an old man who practiced thaumaturgy by memorizing spells,” Yŏm created the dhāra ī-ma ala as an iconographic instrument that would cure any sickness that might plague the bearer. Perhaps most importantly, the new dhāra ī-ma ala image was accessible to all as both a convenient and affordable means of healing. Lastly, Yŏm’s dhāra ī-ma ala was also incorporated into the garments of bodhisattva and Buddha statues, which served to amplify their divine powers of dhāra ī.
4.Yŏm Sŭngik(廉承益) and Healing through the Conception of the Baoqieyin Dhāra ī-Ma ala Image in the Late Goryeo Dynasty
Korean Journal of Medical History 2024;33(3):563-597
Yŏm Sŭngik (廉承益) was a ch’ongshin (寵臣) or court favorite of the late Goryeo dynasty who was recognized for his ability to cure diseases using dhār ī and subsequently appointed prime minister of the country. Yŏm’s quick ascension to such a distinguished post attests to the great significance of dhāra ī among the people of Goryeo. Memorizing dhāra ī as a way to obtain one’s desire was a preexisting concept in the Silla period. However, unlike their predecessors, the people of Goryeo preferred the Baoqieyin Dhāra ī (寶篋印陀羅尼, Precious Casket Seal Dhāra ī) over the Mugujŏnggwang Taedaranigyŏng (無垢淨光大陀羅尼 經, The Great Dhāra ī Sutra) as they believed the former text to be a more concise and effective vehicle for serving their needs.In this article I propose that Yŏm Sŭngik used his understanding of the period’s spiritual and religious beliefs to combine the Baoqieyin Dhāra ī with the ma ala of Esoteric Buddhism to create a new iconographic image in 1276. Sixteen years later in 1292, Yŏm supplemented the original image with spells from the Baoqieyin Dhāra ī and added other details such as the name of the image’s creator as well as the place and date of production. In this new version of the dhāra ī-ma ala image, the various mantras from Baoqieyin Dhāra ī are arranged in a circle that is imbued with the power of dhāra ī and its therapeutic potency. The center of the circle is a ma ala composed an eight-petaled lotus as well as the thirty-seven deities symbolizing the birth and source of life. In this way, Yŏm condensed the essential components of Buddhist ideology that most appealed to believers to create a modified dhāra ī-ma ala image that was produced in great quantities and distributed throughout Goryeo.Both the 1276 and 1292 versions of Yŏm’s dhāra ī-ma ala discovered in Buddhist sculpture. However, only the latter image continued to be made after the Goryeo dynasty. One example of the second version was found stamped on a silk chŏgori discovered in the Wooden Seated Child Mañju rī statue of Sangwŏnsa Temple in P’yŏngch’ang. Created in 1466, the Mañju rī statue was an important commission by the royal court. Thus, the stamped image of Yŏm’s 1292 dhāra ī-ma ala in this example of Buddhist sculpture demonstrates the influence and relevance of a new iconography that had persisted well into the Joseon dynasty.The dhāra ī-ma ala image conceived by Yŏm Sŭngik in 1292 was worn or kept on the body in the belief that this act alone protected the wearer from affliction. Known as “an old man who practiced thaumaturgy by memorizing spells,” Yŏm created the dhāra ī-ma ala as an iconographic instrument that would cure any sickness that might plague the bearer. Perhaps most importantly, the new dhāra ī-ma ala image was accessible to all as both a convenient and affordable means of healing. Lastly, Yŏm’s dhāra ī-ma ala was also incorporated into the garments of bodhisattva and Buddha statues, which served to amplify their divine powers of dhāra ī.
5.Yŏm Sŭngik(廉承益) and Healing through the Conception of the Baoqieyin Dhāra ī-Ma ala Image in the Late Goryeo Dynasty
Korean Journal of Medical History 2024;33(3):563-597
Yŏm Sŭngik (廉承益) was a ch’ongshin (寵臣) or court favorite of the late Goryeo dynasty who was recognized for his ability to cure diseases using dhār ī and subsequently appointed prime minister of the country. Yŏm’s quick ascension to such a distinguished post attests to the great significance of dhāra ī among the people of Goryeo. Memorizing dhāra ī as a way to obtain one’s desire was a preexisting concept in the Silla period. However, unlike their predecessors, the people of Goryeo preferred the Baoqieyin Dhāra ī (寶篋印陀羅尼, Precious Casket Seal Dhāra ī) over the Mugujŏnggwang Taedaranigyŏng (無垢淨光大陀羅尼 經, The Great Dhāra ī Sutra) as they believed the former text to be a more concise and effective vehicle for serving their needs.In this article I propose that Yŏm Sŭngik used his understanding of the period’s spiritual and religious beliefs to combine the Baoqieyin Dhāra ī with the ma ala of Esoteric Buddhism to create a new iconographic image in 1276. Sixteen years later in 1292, Yŏm supplemented the original image with spells from the Baoqieyin Dhāra ī and added other details such as the name of the image’s creator as well as the place and date of production. In this new version of the dhāra ī-ma ala image, the various mantras from Baoqieyin Dhāra ī are arranged in a circle that is imbued with the power of dhāra ī and its therapeutic potency. The center of the circle is a ma ala composed an eight-petaled lotus as well as the thirty-seven deities symbolizing the birth and source of life. In this way, Yŏm condensed the essential components of Buddhist ideology that most appealed to believers to create a modified dhāra ī-ma ala image that was produced in great quantities and distributed throughout Goryeo.Both the 1276 and 1292 versions of Yŏm’s dhāra ī-ma ala discovered in Buddhist sculpture. However, only the latter image continued to be made after the Goryeo dynasty. One example of the second version was found stamped on a silk chŏgori discovered in the Wooden Seated Child Mañju rī statue of Sangwŏnsa Temple in P’yŏngch’ang. Created in 1466, the Mañju rī statue was an important commission by the royal court. Thus, the stamped image of Yŏm’s 1292 dhāra ī-ma ala in this example of Buddhist sculpture demonstrates the influence and relevance of a new iconography that had persisted well into the Joseon dynasty.The dhāra ī-ma ala image conceived by Yŏm Sŭngik in 1292 was worn or kept on the body in the belief that this act alone protected the wearer from affliction. Known as “an old man who practiced thaumaturgy by memorizing spells,” Yŏm created the dhāra ī-ma ala as an iconographic instrument that would cure any sickness that might plague the bearer. Perhaps most importantly, the new dhāra ī-ma ala image was accessible to all as both a convenient and affordable means of healing. Lastly, Yŏm’s dhāra ī-ma ala was also incorporated into the garments of bodhisattva and Buddha statues, which served to amplify their divine powers of dhāra ī.
6.A Case of A3B.
Young Ae LIM ; Ae Ja PARK ; Seung Hwan CHIN ; Hyae Rim HONG ; Yeung Tak KANG
Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion 1994;5(1):53-56
The results of ABO blood typing in 64-year-old patient with chronic renal and heart failure were positive with anti-B, delayed and weak positive with anti-A in the slide method for the cell typing, mixed-field agglutiniation by light microscopy in the tube method for the cell typing, and also was negative in anti-A, lectin and positive in anti-H, therefore blood typing of this patient was confirmed to A3B.
Blood Grouping and Crossmatching
;
Heart Failure
;
Humans
;
Microscopy
;
Middle Aged
7.Current Status for Report of Blood Donor Reactions in South Korea.
Laboratory Medicine Online 2013;3(3):169-173
BACKGROUND: There is no comprehensive report on the donor reaction rate among blood donors in South Korea. We attempted to analyze the patterns and rates of immediate blood donor reactions and the current status of the reporting system in our country. METHODS: Immediate donor reaction rate was defined as the number of donor reaction cases in 10,000 donations during or immediately after donation. We retrospectively analyzed the 4,835,499 donations collected in 2 yr (2008 and 2009) at the Korean Red Cross Blood Center. The data presented are the average data of the 2 yr. RESULTS: The overall donor reaction rate was 8.7. The rate for subcutaneous bleeding, vasovagal reaction, and nerve injury was 4.1, 4.0, and 0.1, respectively. For citrate reaction, which occurred among apheresis donations, the donor reaction rate was 0.4. The overall reaction rates among male and female donors were 6.0 and 16.2, respectively. The rates were highest in teenagers (12.0) and lowest in those in their forties (4.3). The most frequent reaction in male donors was subcutaneous bleeding (3.3); that in female donors was vasovagal reaction (8.9). CONCLUSIONS: The donor reaction rate of the study was lower than that of other countries or that of domestic prospective studies by a local blood center. These data suggested that the reporting system for blood donor reactions in Korean donors is not active, and that national standards and the continuing education of blood-collection personnel regarding donor reactions should be established to ensure reliable data collection.
Adolescent
;
Blood Component Removal
;
Blood Donors
;
Citric Acid
;
Data Collection
;
Dietary Sucrose
;
Education, Continuing
;
Female
;
Hemorrhage
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Red Cross
;
Republic of Korea
;
Retrospective Studies
;
Tissue Donors
8.Evaluation of rep-PCR Genomic Fingerprinting for the Molecular Systematics Study of Yersinia Species.
Young Chan LIM ; Ki Jeong KIM ; Mi Ok SONG ; Chul Min PARK ; Jung Ae LIM ; Won Young KIM ; Sang In CHUNG
Journal of Bacteriology and Virology 2002;32(4):367-380
No abstract available.
Classification*
;
Dermatoglyphics*
;
Yersinia*
9.Inspection of Blood Collection Center with Small Number of Unit Collection.
Hwan Sub LIM ; Chae Seung LIM ; Young Joo CHA ; Yoon Young CHOI ; Young Ae LIM ; Jang Soo SUH
Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion 2009;20(3):195-200
BACKGROUND: Transfusion is a choice of treatment and should be used in order to maintain patients' lives and health. In order to supply safe blood, the quality improvements of hospital blood collection centers should be periodically monitored. To establish systematic surveillance of blood management system, we would like to suggest proper program. METHODS: Twenty-nine hospital small scale blood centers, collects less than 100 units of blood collection per year, were evaluated. Qualified were selected among blood bank specialists who were eligible to simultaneously perform inspections and consultations, and who had attended inspectors' workshop. RESULTS: Among twenty-five blood collection centers, four blood collection centers were closed prior to inspections. Among them, two blood collection centers were evaluated as inadequate. Among adequate centers, some questionnaires were evaluated as "not applicable" mainly for reasons pertaining to personnel and facilities, such as blood component preparation rooms and/or center administrators. CONCLUSION: A checklist for an inspection program should be reviewed continuously. Additionally, detailed guidelines for inspection should be standardized prior to commencing of subsequent year's inspection program. Finally, guidelines for inspection should be established for every questionnaire.
Blood Banks
;
Checklist
;
Quality Improvement
;
Referral and Consultation
;
Specialization
;
Surveys and Questionnaires
10.A STUDY FOR SETTING AND THERMAL EXPANSION OF DENTAL SOLDERING INVESTMENTS.
Sung Ae SHIN ; Jang Seop LIM ; Chang Mo JEONG ; Young Chan JEON
The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics 1999;37(6):730-740
The purpose of this study was to investigate setting and thermal expansion of dental soldering investments. In order to compare expansion rates and to investigate the effect of water/powder ratio on expansion, setting and thermal expansion of four dental soldering investments were measured under three different water/powder ratio conditions: standard, 20% decreased and 20% increased. Setting expansion of investments was measured by use of dialgauge method. Each measurement was started two minutes later from the beginning of spatulation and recorded every one minute for one hour. Thermal expansion of cylindrical test specimens, 10mm diameter, 50mm length, was recorded in a Thermodilatometer at heating rate of 10degrees C per minute from 25degrees C to 700degrees C. The results of this study were obtained as follows: 1. Setting expansion rates under the standard water/power ratio condition were 0.198% in Speed-E, 0.090% in Deguvest, 0.080% in CM and Hi-temp. Setting expansion of Speed-E was significantly different from those of CM, Deguvest and Hi-temp, and setting expansion of Deguvest was significantly different from those of CM and Hi-temp(p<.05). 2. Under the decreased water/powder ratio condition, there was significant increase in setting expansion of 4 dental soldering investments(p<.05). 3. There were no significant differences in setting expansions of investments except Hi-temp between standard and increased water/powder ratio condition(p<.05). 4. Thermal expansion rates under the standard water/powder ratio condition were 1.923% in Deguvest, 1.629% in Speed-E, 1.619% in Hi-temp and 1.580% in CM. No significant difference in thermal expansions under the standard water/powder ratio condition existed only between Speed-E and Hi-temp(p<.05). 5. Under the decreased water/powder ratio condition, there was significant increase in thermal expansion of CM and Deguvest but decrease in thermal expansion of Speed-E(p<.05). 6. Under the increased water/powder ratio condition, there was significant decrease in thermal expansion of CM, Deguvest and Speed-E but decrease in thermal expansion of Hi-temp(p<.05).
Dental Soldering*
;
Heating
;
Hot Temperature
;
Investments*