In the past few years, people have a new understanding of the mechanism of Epigenetic disease. Epigenetic modification processes involved in human disease include DNA methylation, histone acetylation and methylation, RNA-associated silencing.Epigenetic modification related with cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, transformation and tumor progression-related gene transcription. There has been a long time that the gene mutations involved in tumor formation. In recent years.more and more evidences that genetic and epigenetic modifications leading to the formation of tumors. Epigenetic modifications has also play a very important role in the formation of tumors. This article discussed the DNA methylation.histone post-translational modification anomalies and small interference RNA impact on the formation of leukemia. It provides new prospects for the treatment of leukemia.

Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) optic nerve tracing in vivo is a technology which can reflect the axonal transport status and visual pathway connection by utilizing divalent manganese ion's transportability in axons and its characteristics of paramagnetism,and such potential optic nerve tract-tracing technique has been widely used in ophthalmologic research.Mn2+ enters the neurons through the voltage-gating Ca2+ channel and is transported by microtubule system which is not depended on cellular electric activity.However,the trans-synaptic transport of Mn2+ relies on membrane potential.Taking advantages of MEMRI,optic nerve injury-related research could be implemented.Mn2+ is an intracellular contrast agent with metal toxicity,so low dose,fractionated,targeted delivery of Mn2+ is recommended to alleviate the adverse effects of Mn2+.Herein,the mechanism of divalent manganese ion optic nerve tracing,application of MEMRI in ophthalmologic research field,drug delivery approach of divalent Mn2+ and its toxicity were summarized.

The responsibility system of attending doctors plays a positive role in raising hospital efficiency and optimizing medical resources deployment.For the change in the subject of medical liabilities following the introduction of this system,medical management needs to shift from department management to doctor management instead.In the meantime,appropriate rules and regulations are needed to normalize the roles and behavior of the medical office,department heads,and attending doctors in medical activities.This will ensure the successful operation of this responsibility system,and generate ideal medical,economic and social outcomes.

[Objective]To review the effect of treatment in chronic kidney disease and its preparation of Cordyceps sinensis. [Methods] By searching and reading the literature, to study the therapeutic effects of Cordyceps sinensis and its preparation on chronic kidney disease.[Results] Cordyceps and its prepa-ration could significantly decrease the proteinuria in patients with chronic kidney disease, serum creatinine level, significant improvement in renal fibrosis, and delay the progression of renal function. [Conclusion] Cordyceps and its preparation have obvious curative effect on chronic kidney disease.

Objective To develop the Chinese version of Patient Learning Needs Scale(PLNS), and evaluate the feasibility, validity and reliability of the developed scale. Methods The standard procedure of cross-culture adaptation was used to develop the Chinese version PLNS. A total of 385 adults hospitalized with a medical or surgical illness completed the Chinese version PLNS. The feasibil-ity and psychometric properties of the scale such as, internal consistency, split-half reliability, content validity and construct validity were evaluated. Results Questionnaire recovery rate of the investiga-tion was 98.5%,the completion rate was 97.7%. Average time of completing was (13.75±4.36) min. The overall Cronbaeh's α coefficient was 0.95 and the value of a in 5 subscales of PLNS ranged from 0.75 to 0.86. The overall split-half reliability coefficient was 0.95 and the value of split-half in 5 subscales of PLNS ranged from 0.802 to 0.876. The CVI for content validity was 0.86. The construct validity was con-finned by factor analysis with 55,08% variance was explained by 9 factors. Conclusions An accept-able psychometric property of the Chinese version of PLNS was indicated. PLNS could be used as positive aspects measurement of general patients'perceptions of learning needs while discharging.It might be help-ful for care and further clinical study.

Blind review is one of the most important milestones in clinical trials, which connects data management process to statistical analysis. During blind review, data quality should be reviewed and assessed on both data management and statistical aspects. The primary work of data managers in blind review is to ensure the accuracy of data before it is handed over to biostatistics group. Database auditing, listing data reviewing and reconciliation should become a good clinical data management practice. Statisticians, on the other hand, will focus on quality findings related to protocol deviations or protocol violations. To investigate the protocol deviations and/or violations and relevant impacts on data outcomes, it is important to provide the essential basis of data quality through the blind review, and to assess the reliability of study outcomes.

Objective To explore the diagnostic significance of the uric acid in preeclampsia.Methods The samples were chosen between January 2008 and August 2015 in our hospital maternity clinic,at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation,singletons,1 357 cases of pregnant women,136 cases for the development of preeclampsia,and 1 221 cases of normal pregnancy.the clinical data of 1 357 cases were retrospectively analyzed.Results (1) The maternal age,birth gestational age,body mass index,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,urine protein,cholesterol,creatinine,uric acid,and uric acid increased value of the control group of preeclampsia were significandy higher than the normal group (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of preeclampsia,cesarean delivery rate,fetal growth restriction,small gestational age,and newborn asphyxia rate of high uric acid hematic disease group were significandy higher than the normal group (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Logistic regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure,urinary protein and uric acid were the predictors,and uric acid was the best predictor.(3) By using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve,the growth of uric acid was 112 μmol/L,and the sensitivity was 85.2％,the specificity was 90.1％.Conclusions Uric acid level can be used as an important indicator to monitor the pathophysiology of preeclampsia,and uric acid value can be accurately predicted.

According to the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), atopic dermatitis (AD) is believed that it is caused by innate constitutional insufficiency and dysfuction of heart and spleen. Thus, the treatment includes strengthening the spleen and clearing dampness, nourishing blood and moisturing skin. This paper reviewed literature about the researches on AD, and summarized the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease in order to investigate new treatment.

BACKGROUND:The implantable artificial pacemaker that needs long-term wear is in direct contact with human body tissue, and thus, biocompatibility of the materials is very important. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the material progress and material-related complications of implantable artificial pacemakers. METHODS:Articles related to implantable artificial pacemaker materials and related complications were searched in Wanfang database and PubMed database from 2000 to 2015. The keywords were pacemaker; materials; pacemaker leads; pacemaker electrode; complication in Chinese and English, respectively. Finaly, 27 articles were included and summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The implantable artificial pacemakers are in direct contact with the body tissues through the titanium alloy shell covering the pulser, the electrode wire covering the silicone, polyurethane, epoxy resin, and the electrode materials (including carbon, platinum-iridium alloy, Elgilog alloy). These materials have good physical and chemical properties as well as good cytocompatibility, electrophysiological compatibility and blood compatibility with the human body that have been confirmed in the past decades. However, material-related complications often occur, such as contact dermatitis, wire breakage, dislocation, cardiac perforation, venous thrombosis and tricuspid regurgitation along the wire, capsular infection and hematoma when placing the pulser. With the rapid development of today's microelectronic technology, research on the modification of pacemaker materials and the pacing system has been ongoing and has made considerable progress. Moreover, wireless pacemaker development and clinical application may be the future direction of development.

Objective To investigate the effect of different levels of propofol anesthesia on 5-HT metabolism in brain. Methods Forty Japanese Long-ear rabbits of both sexes, aged 8 months-2yr, weighing 2-3 kg were used for study. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol administered by a TCI system. Blood propofol concentration required for different depths of anesthesia, as indicated by BIS monitoring and loss of chewing reflex (light anesthesia) and loss of response to tail nipped (deep anesthesia), was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) in 10 rabbits. Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups often animals in each group: (1) control group received no propofol; (2) light anesthesia group and (3) deep anesthesia group. Different depths of propofol anesthesia were maintained for 1 h. At the end of one hour propofol anesthesia the animals were decapitated. Brain was immediately removed and cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thalamus were separated on ice. Their contents of 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured by spectrophoto-fluorometer.Results 5-HT content of cerebral cortex was significantly increased after anesthesia. 5-HT content of hippocampus and 5-HIAA content of thalamus decreased significantly with increasing anesthetic depth. Conclusion Propofol improves 5-HT activity in cerebral cortex and thalamus and decreases 5-HT activity in hippocampus indicating that 5-HT metabolism may be involved in the mechanism of propofol anesthesia.