China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology

AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of loteprednol for controlling of ocular inflammation. METHODS: Data from 8 relevant monographs were retrieved by means of computerized and manual search. The combined analysis of the data was assessed in terms of clinical and statistical criteria, and the data were extracted and synthesized by using the statistical techniques of meta-analysis. Treatment effects and safety of loteprednol were through counting as risk difference between treatment and control groups. The estimates of pooled risk differences were computed according to a random-effects model. RESULTS: A total of 1 660 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled risk differences of intraocular pressure elevation were 1 % (95 % CI, -1 %, 3 %) compared with placebo, -5 % (95 % CI, -9 %, 0 %) compared with prednisolone, respectively. Compared with placebo, pooled risk differences of inflammation improvement were: 31 % (95 % CI, 22 %, 40 %) of postoperative inflammation, 28 % (95 % CI, 19 %, 37 %) of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, and 26 % (95 % CI, 18 %, 35 %) of giant papillary conjunctivitis, respectively. Compared with prednisolone, pooled risk differences of inflammation improvement of acute anterior uveitis was -15 % (95 % CI, -25 %, -4 %). CONCLUSION: Loteprednol is a safe and effective corticosteroid in controlling ocular inflammation such as postoperative inflammation, seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, giant papillary conjunctivitis, and acute anterior uveitis.

Molecular Epidemiology ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; etiology ; genetics

Humans ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Translational Medical Research

Objective To evaluate the middle and short-term effects of integrative cognitive training on mild cognitive impairments(MCI).Methods All the participants with MCI aged over 70 years were selected from one sub-district of Putuo District,Shanghai and divided into cognitive intervention group (n=46) and control group (n=35).The integrative cognitive training was conducted in 24 sessions for 12 weeks.All subjects were assessed by Neuropsychological Test Battery for Elderly (NTBE) and by a questionnaire of Shanghai Health Survey for the Elderly (VER2006)at baseline,follow-up and one-year follow up phases.Results At baseline phase,semantic relations test in NTBE was better (t=2.13,P=0.037),verbal fluency test (vegetables) in NTBE was worse(t =-2.25,P=0.038) in intervention group than in control group,while there were no significant differences in scores of other neuropsychological tests between intervention group and control group(all P＞0.05).At follow up phase,16 subscales in reasoning test of NTBE were improved (t=-2.70,P=0.010)and 2 subscales were declined in cognitive intervention group(all P＜0.05).9 subscales in semantic relations test of NTBE (t=-2.27,P=0.013) were improved and 5 subscales were declined in control group (all P＜ 0.05).Comparison between groups at one year follow-up showed that 5 subscales in reasoning test of NTBE (F=16.80,P=0.000) were better in intervention group than in control group(all P＜0.05).General linear model (GLM) with repeated measures at three time points showed that 4 subscales in reasoning test of NTBE had a time-by group interaction (F=5.16,P=0.01).Conclusions Integrative cognitive training can improve cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairments,and the validity of reasoning ability can sustain one year.

Objective To evaluate the effects of compositive cognitive training on reasoning ability for healthy community elderly.Method All the participants were selected from one district in Shanghai by every 50 samples.151 community healthy elderly who accorded with the standard were collected at last.They were divided into cognitive intervention group ( n =90) and control group ( n =61 ) by sequence.The interventions ( includes reasoning,memory training,et al) were conducted in 24 sessions over 12 weeks.All individuals were assessed by Neuropsychological Test Battery for Elderly (NTBE) at baseline,follow-up,half a year follow-up and one year follow-up phase,and Raven' s Standard Progressive Matrices on reasoning classes.Results The scores of Raven' s Standard Progressive Matrices were significantly higher after reasoning training in intervention group( (15.54 ±5.70),(10.35 ± 5.10),t =3.595,P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared with baseline,the reasoning test scores of NTBE were significantly higher after cognitive intervention in treatment group at follow-up phase,and were also significantly higher than control group (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion Results support the effectiveness of compositive cognitive training in improving reasoning ability are positive,and can last for one year.

Objective To learn the psychological needs of the hospital staff in terms of their life,medical care and psychological health.Methods 2910 hospital staff were interviewed with questionnaires and the outcomes analyzed with x2 test and descriptive analysis.Results 96.9％of the surveyed found themselves in need of psychological counseling; considerable consulting needs of the staff; most of them turn to friends to complain instead of their leaders.Conclusion The psychological counseling should be enhanced to build effective communication channels and ease stress of the staff.

By relating the construction of orbital diseases’ resources bank,the clinical data became useful teaching resources.This paper introduces the construction requirements,its application in teaching for experts in orbital disease and some problems to be solved.

Objective To investigate the radiologic and angiographic findings of dilated superior ophthalmic vein(SOV)associat- ed with orbital arteriovenous malformations(AVM).Design Retrospective case series.Participants Six cases of orbital AVM patients, with clinical symptoms and signs mimicking a carotid cavernous fistula(CCF).Methods Examinations of the six cases,such as CT, MRI,and selective cerebral angiography,were summarized and analyzed.Main Outcome Measures Images findings and hemodynam- ics.Results All patients were found with dilated SOV on CT and MRI.Additional radiographic findings included proptosis and AVM. All six AVM were located at the orbit,and one of them was also found with AVM in brain.The main draining vein was SOV in all cas- es.The branches contributing to the fistula's blood supply were the middle meningeal artery,the internal maxillary artery,and the oph- thalmic artery.Conclusions Orbital AVM can cause similar clinical signs and radiologic features to those associated with a CCF.How- ever,the bulging cavernous sinus cannot be found in most AVM.Angiography is necessary for definitive management,non-invasive techniques have an important role in pre-angiographic diagnostic decisions.(Ophthalmol CHN,2007,16:395-398)

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of methylprednisolone pulse therapy in the treatment of thyroid-associated oph- thalmology. Design Meta analysis. Participants Published literatures about methylprednisolone pulse therapy for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Methods A meta-analysis of published randomized clinical trials was used. Published literatures were selected for study based on a computerized search of the literature and a manual search of the bibliographies of relevant papers. Studies meeting se- lected criteria were reviewed systematically by meta-analysis. Data was extracted on the basis of the intention-to-treat principle. Treat- ment effect was measnred as relative risk(RR) of response rates. Main Outcome Measures The effective rate and the relative risk(RR). Results A total of 6 articles were included in this meta-analysis. The RR (95%CI) were 7.50 (1.14, 49.26) when comparing methylpred- nisolone pulse therapy with placebo, 3.33 (0.51, 21.89) when comparing methylprednisolone pulse therapy with surgical decompression, and 1.50 (1.12, 2.00) when comparing methylprednisolone pulse therapy with oral steroids. The combination of methylprednisolone pulse therapy and orbital radiotherapy was significantly effective than oral steroids combined with orbital radiotherapy which pooled RR (95% CI) was 1.42 (1.11, 1.81). Conclusions Methylprednisolone pulse therapy appears to be an effective treatment for thyroid-associated ophthalmology, and seems to have increased effect when given with orbital radiotherapy.