The study aims to identify related substances in orlistat pharmaceutical substance from different production technologies. Advanced technologies including UPLC-QTOF-MS and UPLC-QTrap-MS were used and the structures or molecules of 10 kinds of related substances in orlistat were identified. The experimental data were valuable to the quality control and development of orlistat.

In 1961,World Health Organization recommended that the concept of preterm birth is less than 37 weeks of gestation age newborn.The incidence of preterm birth has always been high and remains to be the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality,despite the rapid development of global medical science level for decades.Studies on causes and mechanisms of preterm birth have become a hot spot worldwide.This paper is a summary analysis about the domestic and foreign research on preterm labor.The factors are divided into 5 broad,including categoriesmaternal factors,pregnancy factors,fetal factors,external factors and genetic factors,in order to popularize science of preterm birth and make for preterm birth prevention and clinical study.

Objective To evaluate the effect of interactive case teaching(ICT) method in teaching hematology.Methods Sixty students were randomly selected from 2009 grade clinical medicine majors in the Third Military Medical University and were divided into experimental group and control group,each group with 30 students.Students in experimental group used ICT； while those in control group used traditional teaching method.Closed book exam was conducted for students in experimental group and control group at the end of the semester； question types of the exam included concept questions (nouns explain,choice,short answer questions) for 70 points,cases analysis question for 30 points,a total of 100 points.Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ((x) ±s) and analyzed with SPSS 20.0 independent sample t test.Questionnaire was designed and feedback from students was statistically analyzed.Results There was no statistical differences between experimental group and control group in concept questions (P =0.580),however,in terms of cases analysis question,scores in experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group (P =0.000) ； total scores of experimental group were also significantly higher than those in control group (P =0.016).Feedback showed that the students highly valued the form and effect of ICT.Conclusions Using ICT in teaching hematology can arouse students' enthusiasm for study,cultivate their independent thinking and ability of problem-solving.Meanwhile,ICT can combined theoretical teaching with clinical practice well and improve the quality of teaching.

Objective To explore the influence of environment early in life on learning and memory abilities and neuroglobin (Ngb) expression. MethodsForty-five newborn,male,Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into an EE (enriched environment) group,an EI (isolated environment) group and a normal control group,with 15 rats in each group.The EE and EI group rats lived in those environments for their first 28 days of life.The step-down test was used to measure the rats'learning and memory abilities on the 29th day.Ngb expression was examined using immunohistochemical methods. ResultsThe step-down test showed learning and memory scores for the EE group rats of (9.67±0.49) and (9.80±0.56) respectively,significantly higher than those of the control group,(8.67±0.72) and (8.93±1.10).The learning and memory abilities of the EI group were the lowest among the three groups,with scores of only (7.07±1.98) and (7.67±0.98 ),respectively.The latency of the first electric shock was (166.33±36.08)s in the EE group and significantly shorter than that in the control group (108.93±73.26) s.The EI group showed the longest average latency (44.93±45.03)s.Average Ngb expression as reflected by the integrated optical density in the EE group was (224.56±89.09) in the frontal cortex and (127.70 ± 28.16)in the hippocampus,a significant increase over expression in the control group.The Ngb expressions of the EI group were the lowest among the 3 groups-(88.78 ± 18.84) and ( 63.42 ± 16.41 ) in the frontal cortex and hippocampus respectively. ConclusionsEarly exposure to an enriched environment can increase Ngb expression and improve learning and memory ability,but early isolation will reduce Ngb expression and learning and memory function.

Objective To screen immune molecules expressed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) which arc related to the aggravation of chronc hepatitis B (CHB). Methods Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect the relative expression of 39 immune molecules at mRNA level and then compare the differences between groups (control group, mild CHB group, moderate CHB group and severe CHB group). The investigated immune molecules included leukocyte differentiation antigens, chemokine receptors, apoptosis-related ligands and receptors,adhesion molecules and Toll like receptors. Scheffe model was used to compare the differences among all groups and Spearman rank correlation was used for correlation analysis. Results Among the 39 immune molecules, the expressions of tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), TRAIL receptor (TRAIL-R) 2, CD64, CD30, CD27, CD28, L-selectin (CD62L),intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor (CXCR) 2 were significantly increased in severe CHB group compared with those in control group ( 1.96, 2.13, 1.33,1.16, 1.57, 2.14, 2.03, 2. 10 and 2.09, respectively; all P＜0.05). The expressions of TRAIL,TRAIL-R2, CD64, CD30, CD27 were highly correlated with the expression of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) (r=0. 816, 0. 572, 0. 462, 0. 697 and 0. 793, respectively; all P＜0.01). The expressions of TRAIL-R2, CD64, CD30, CD62L, ICAM-1 were highly correlated with the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (r=0. 494, 0. 588, 0. 568, 0. 968 and 0. 976, respectively; all P＜0.01). Conclusion The abnormal expression of TRAIL,TRAIL R2,CD64,CD30,CD27,CD28,CD62L,ICAM-1 and CXCR2 may play an important role in the pathogenesis and aggravatoin of hepatitis B.

Chloasma is a kind of skin disease with pigmentation on the face, which can be frequently seen in child-bearing age women. The disease is caused by Zangfu dysfunction, Qi and blood deficiency. For women, the generation of chloasma is closely related to their menstruation. Regulating the menstrual function with traditional Chinese medicine and balancing the body's internal environment can be very useful for achieving the balance between Yin and Yang within Zangfu, and regulating Qi and blood, which will not only desalt pigment, but also can improve the symptom related to menstruation with low recurrence rate after drug withdrawal. This method can be used alone or with other methods in clinic, has achieved significant effect.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture at phenomaxillary ganglia in treating allergic rhinitis. Method Sixty patients with moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. The control group was intervened by oral administration of Loratadine plus Mometasone Furoate Nasal Spray, while the treatment group was by acupuncture at phenomaxillary ganglia in addition to the medicines given to the control group. Before treatment and after 4-week treatment, the peripheral blood immunoglobulin E (IgE) level and Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) were observed in the two groups, and the clinical efficacies were compared.Result The IgE levels and RQLQ scores were significantly changed after treatment in both groups (P<0.01). After treatment, the IgE level and RQLQ score of the treatment group were significantly different from that of the control group (P<0.01,P<0.05). The total effective rate was 96.7% in the treatment group versus 83.3% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture at phenomaxillary ganglia is an effective method in treating allergic rhinitis.

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women in China and around the world. Population-based survival analysis can reflect the overall level of cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in countries or regions, providing basic information for making efficient health policies. Breast cancer survival varies among countries or regions because of differences among races, so-cioeconomic factors, healthcare services, and cancer diagnosis and treatment. Breast cancer prognosis is closely related to tumor stage, status of receptors, and treatments. By determining the relationship between breast cancer survival and related factors, the re-sults can help in predicting the prognosis and evaluating the quality of care services. The article provides an overview of breast cancer survival in China and abroad, as well as references for cancer surveillance.

Sedation monitoring of the critically ill children must be individualized and continuous. Electroen-cephalography-derived method———bispectral index( BIS) is one of the most widely used objective sedation monitoring methods in recent years,permitting continuous monitoring. Some studies reported the correlations between BIS and the clinical scales were varing. The BIS value of 70 or so may distinguish between adequate and inadequate sedation. BIS has some unique advantages over other objective methods. Many factors may influence the right interpretation of BIS. On the whole, the researches and applications of BIS are mainly in adults, the experience is relatively less in critical ill children. This article reviews the studies of BIS in critical ill children for sedation monitoring.

Objective High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) mediates the inflammatory immune response as well as the prolif-eration, differentiation and migration of cells , neverthless, little study has been done on the changes of HMGB 1 expression in hepatoma tissues.The aim of the article was to investigate the changes of HMGB 1 mRNA and protein expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. Methods Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blotting were applied to detect HMGB 1 mRNA and protein expression in HCC tissues and their paracancerous tissues of 13 cases.Immunofluorescence localization was used to analyze the changes of HMGB1 distribution in hepatic cells . Results The expression of HMGB1 mRNA and protein in HCC tissues (4.01 ±0.81) and (1.37 ±0.34) increased significantly in comparison with those in paracancerous tissues (5.76 ±1.28) and (0.52 ±0.12) ( P<0.01).Nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1 was observed in hepatocarcinoma cells . Conclusion There is increased expression of HMGB1 in HCC tissues, which shows HMGB1 mediates the carcinogenesis of HCC .