Childhood UTI is a common bacterial infection in children and frequently associated with urinary tract anomaly and high recurrent rate. Recurrent UTI and even the first UTI, if not diagnosed and untreated, may lead to serious renal scarring, a cause of childhood hypertention and end stage renal failure. It is very important to prevent the sequence of recurrent UTI and the development of renal scarring from the first UTI. However, early diagnosis is very difficult because the symptoms and signs are non-specific in young children and commonly presented with high fever only. In young infants with unexplained high fever, urinalysis and urine culture should be considered for early diagnosis. Emperic antibiotic treatment should be initiated in suspicious UTI and imaging studies of the urinary tract should be performed for the evaluation of urinary tract anomaly and renal scar in confirmed cases of UTI. Antimicrobial prophylaxis has been the common clinical practice in children with high risk factors for recurrent UTI and renal scar. In summary, early diagnosis and proper management of childhood UTI are very important to prevent hypertention and end stage renal disease by renal scar.
Bacterial Infections ; Child ; Cicatrix ; Early Diagnosis ; Fever ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Renal Insufficiency ; Risk Factors ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

No abstract available.
Circumcision, Male* ; Female ; Male ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

No abstract available.
Homeostasis* ; Kidney* ; Sodium*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mass Screening* ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

During the study of soil mycoflora in Jinju-shi in 1997, a dematiaceous hyphomycete, Gonytrichum macrocladum , was isolated using the soil dilute plating method. The isolate was recovered with very low frequencies and recorded for the first time in Korea. illustrated descriptions are presented for the isolate examined in the present study.
Korea* ; Mitosporic Fungi* ; Soil*

No abstract available.
Gentamicins* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

Perinatal asphyxia can cause ischemic injury to immature kidney of neonates. Proximal renal tubule is the most sensitive area, showing various manifestations ranging from mild reversible injury to irreversible tubular necrosis. Aminoglycosides can be nephrotoxic in therapeutic range in immature or damaged kidney. Thess are the very important factors to be taken into corsideration on fluid therapy and nephrotoxic drugs in neonates. The purpose of this study is to detect renal dysfunction resulting from asphyxia and gentamicin treatment. The results were as follows; 1) Urinary 2-microglobulin concentration was significantly higher in neonatal asphyxia group irrespective of meconium stain (p<0.05). The group with neonatal asphyxia only (Ia) showed a gradual decline in urinary 2-microglobulin concentration and no significant difference shown when compared with control group on 7 days old (p>0.05). The group with neonatal asphyxia and meconium stain (Ib) received gentamicin for 7 days. Their urinary 2-microglobulin concentration dropped on 4 the day and increased again on 7 th day (p<0.05). The group with meconium stain only(3) showed no significant difference in urinary 2-microglobulin concentration when compared with control group (p>0.05). 2) No differences were shown in serum creatinine, serum sodium level and urinary creatinine concentrations between each group (p>0.05). 3) No differences were shown in creatinine clearance between each group (p>0.05).Fractional excretion of urinary sodium (FENa) was significantly higher on lst day in group, I, but no differences were shown afterwards (p>0.05). 4) There is no relationship between urinary 2-microglobulin concentration and serum creatinine level, creatinine clearance of FENa. 5) No differences were shown in incidence of renal dysfunction between each group. In conclusion, acute tubular injury by perinatal asphyxia recovered soon after birth. But nephrotoxic gentamicin worsened the recovering tubular injury. In case of mild fetal hypoxia without neonatal asphyxia, proximal tubular injury was not significant.
Aminoglycosides ; Asphyxia* ; Creatinine ; Fetal Hypoxia ; Fluid Therapy ; Gentamicins* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn* ; Kidney ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal ; Meconium ; Necrosis ; Parturition ; Sodium

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Doppler indexes of pulmonary venous flow (PVF) have been recognized to be useful in defining left ventricular filling characteristics, but their long-term prognostic value in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is not clear. The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of Doppler indexes of PVF after AMI. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Doppler echocardiographic examination was performed in 122 patients with AMI between 7 to 10 days after attack, and followed for 30 months. Peak systolic velocity (PVs), peak diastolic velocity (PVd), and peak reverse flow velocity associated with atrial contraction (PVa) of PVF were measured by transthoracic echocardiography. End-points were cardiac death or readmission due to congestive heart failure (re-CHF). RESULTS: There were 9 deaths (7.4%) and 13 patients with re-CHF (10.7%) during the follow-up period. Patients with events had higher PVa (p=0.039). Subgroup analysis of patients with E/A ratio > 1 showed that they had lower PVs/PVd ratio (p=0.029) and higher PVa (p=0.069). Event-free survival was significantly lower in patients with PVs/PVd ratio < 1.3 (30-month survival rate 74% vs. 100% in those with PVs/PVd ratio > or =1.3). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that Killip class II, and EF <50% were independent predictors of cardiac events; and PVa > or =25 cm/sec as well as age > or =65 years were independent predictors of cardiac mortality in patients with E/A ratio >1. CONCLUSION: PVa and PVs/PVd ratio of PVF were helpful indexes in predicting the prognosis in patients with AMI and an E/A ratio of >1.
Death ; Disease-Free Survival ; Echocardiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Veins ; Survival Rate

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans

The incidence and risk factors for hypercalciuria were studied in 23 sick preterm (Group I), 36 well preterm (Group II), 16 sick term(Group III)and 41 well term(Group IV) neonates who were admitted to NICU and nursery of Ewha Woman's University Hospital from May 1988 to February 1992. The results were as follws: 1) The incidences of hypercalciuria were 73.9% in sick preterm (Group I) and 56.3% in sick term (Group III) which were significantly higher than 13.9% of control preterm (Group II) and 7.3% of control term (Group IV). Maximal urinary Ca/Cr ration were 0.63+/-0.503 in group I and 0.50+/-0.513 in group III, significantly higher than 0.19+/-0.142 of control term and 0.17+/-0.131 of control term. 2) In sick neonates with hypercalcuria, birth wight and gestational age were significantly lower and the frequencies of frosemide and intravenous calcium therpy were significantly higher than those of sick neonates without hypercalciuria. 3) In sick neonates, furosemide increased the incidence of hypercalciuria to 90.9%, significantly higher than 57.1% in neonates without furosemide. Maximal urine Ca/Cr ratio 24 hour urine calcium were also significantly higher in neonates with furosemide than those of neonates without furosemide. 4) In sick neonates, intravenous calcium gluconate increased the incidence of hypercalciuria to 86.6%, significantly higher than 54.2% in neonates without intravenous calcium. Maximal urine Ca/Cr ratio and 24 hour urine calcium were also significantly higher in neonates treated with IV calcium than those of neonates without IV calcium. 5) Calcium intake and maximal random urine Ca/Cr ratio were positively correlated (r=0.46, p=o.037). In conclusion, the majority of sick newborns in our intensive care unit were hypercalciuric. Sick condition, premature, furosemide and intravenous calcium gluconate were the risk factors that could lead to hypercalciuria. Use of these agents in sick neonates especially preterm neonates requires careful monitoring of urine calcium excretion.
Calcium ; Calcium Gluconate ; Furosemide ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria* ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intensive Care Units ; Nurseries ; Parturition ; Risk Factors