1. Role of secondary metabolites of wild marigold in suppression of Johnson grass and Sun spurge
Sehrish SADIA ; Jin-Tun ZHANG ; Rahmatullah QURESHI ; Brian Gagosh NAYYAR ; Shahida KHALID
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015;5(9):733-737
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the wild marigold [(Tagetes minuta L.) (T. minuta)] leaf extract with respect to phytochemicals and allelopathic activity. METHODS: The aqueous extracts of T. minuta leaves at concentrations of 50%, 75% and 100% were prepared. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was carried out and then allelopathic effect of T. minuta on root length, shoot length, germination, fresh and dry weight of Johnson grass and Sun spurge was tested on filter paper and in soil. RESULTS: Qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoides and terpenoids. The higher concentrations proved to be significantly effective in reducing almost all the parameters of Sun spurge and Johnson grass in filter paper bioassay. Supplemented with the soil, all concentrations of leaf extract showed reduction in germination, root and shoot growth, fresh and dry weight of Sun spurge; however, 100% concentration significantly reduced the germination of Johnson grass. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that marigold allelochemicals can be used as an integrated weed management for the production of better crop yield.
2.Potential medicinal plants involved in inhibiting 3CLpro activity: A practical alternate approach to combating COVID-19.
Fan YANG ; Xiao-Lan JIANG ; Akash TARIQ ; Sehrish SADIA ; Zeeshan AHMED ; Jordi SARDANS ; Muhammad ALEEM ; Riaz ULLAH ; Rainer W BUSSMANN
Journal of Integrative Medicine 2022;20(6):488-496
At present, a variety of vaccines have been approved, and existing antiviral drugs are being tested to find an effective treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, no standardized treatment has yet been approved by the World Health Organization. The virally encoded chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which facilitates the replication of SARS-CoV in the host cells, is one potential pharmacological target for the development of anti-SARS drugs. Online search engines, such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus and PubMed, were used to retrieve data on the traditional uses of medicinal plants and their inhibitory effects against the SARS-CoV 3CLpro. Various pure compounds, including polyphenols, terpenoids, chalcones, alkaloids, biflavonoids, flavanones, anthraquinones and glycosides, have shown potent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro activity with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 2-44 µg/mL. Interestingly, most of these active compounds, including xanthoangelol E (isolated from Angelica keiskei), dieckol 1 (isolated from Ecklonia cava), amentoflavone (isolated from Torreya nucifera), celastrol, pristimerin, tingenone and iguesterin (isolated from Tripterygium regelii), tannic acid (isolated from Camellia sinensis), and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, 3-isotheaflav1in-3 gallate and dihydrotanshinone I (isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza), had IC50 values of less than 15 µg/mL. Kinetic mechanistic studies of several active compounds revealed that their mode of inhibition was dose-dependent and competitive, with Ki values ranging from 2.4-43.8 μmol/L. Given the significance of plant-based compounds and the many promising results obtained, there is still need to explore the phytochemical and mechanistic potentials of plants and their products. These medicinal plants could serve as an effective inexpensive nutraceutical for the general public to help manage COVID-19.
SARS-CoV-2
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Plants, Medicinal
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COVID-19 Drug Treatment