National standards on food contact materials are an important part of national food safety standards in China.New standards system on food contact materials in China has been established through food standards clean-up,integration and other works.In this paper,the framework of the new standard system on food contact materials is summarized.The major changes of the new standard system are compared to the old one.The challenges confronted by the industries and the problems in the new standard system are scientifically analyzed.The suggestions for future work are proposed.

Objective To analyze the application value of central region cervical lymph nodes dissection in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) with clinically node-negative sides of neck stage.Methods Clinical data of 72 PTMC patients with clinically node-negative sides of neck stage were collected,and they were underwent total thyroidectomy,isthmic portion excision and contralateral lobus glandularis excision and neck dissection.A long term follow-up was made.Results Twenty-four patients were found central region cervical lymph nodes metastasis while other 48 patients were not found central region cervical lymph nodes metastasis.Followed up for 1.5-4.5 (3.4 ± 1.1) years,4 patients were found recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis and recovered within 4 months.Four patients were found central region cervical lymph nodes metastasis after operation the 3rd years.Conclusions There is a tendency for PTMC patients with clinically node-negative sides of neck stage to occur central region cervical lymph nodes metastasis,it's necessary to perform prophylactic central region dissection.It can decrease the complications and improve the prognosis.

Objective To observe the efficacy of bioelectric stimulation of the pelvic floor combined with acupuncture in treating detrusor urine weakness after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in patients with prostate hyperplasia.Methods Forty-seven cases with detrusor urine weakness after TURP were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group.All of the patients received routine bladder function training and medication.In addition,patients in the experimental group were treated with bioelectric stimulation of the pelvic floor and with acupuncture.The differences between the two groups were compared using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS),maximum urine flow rate (MFR),average flow rate (AFR),detrusor pressure at peak flow (PdetQmax) and residual urine volume in the bladder.Results No significant difference was found between the two groups before treatment,but at two weeks after treatment MFR,AFR and PdetQmax were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group,and residual urine volume and IPSS were significantly lower.Conclusion Bioelectric stimulation of the pelvic floor combined with acupuncture is more effective than routine bladder function training and medication alone for alleviating detrusor urine weakness after TURP.

World Health Organization Wheelchair Service Package-Intermediate Level focuses on the people who have severe difficul-ties in walking and moving around and also having poor postural control, as well as the children who have poor postural control and are un-able to sit upright independently. It includes step 1 referral and appointment;step 2 assessment;step 3 prescription (selection);step 4 fund-ing and ordering;step 5 product (wheelchair) preparation;step 6 fitting;step 7 user training;and step 8 maintenance, repairs and follow up. The physical assessment and postural support device of wheelchair service-intermediate level were emphasized. It is characterized as the standardized process, individual assessment and modular postural support device. It implies that it is important to make the assistive technol-ogy service system standardized, professional and modular.

Objective To evaluate the effect of progressive problem-based learning (PBL) in teach-ing of neurology and study its impact factors. Methods A total of 110 5-year undergraduate students were randomly divided into LBL and progressive PBL groups, with 55 students in each group. Both groups ac-cepted basic knowledge, clinical skills, case analysis and document retrieval teaching. Progressive PBL were given by three steps including introduction phase, transition phase and PBL stage. At the end of the internship, theoretical knowledg,practical skill scores and questionnaires were used to evaluate the effects of different teaching methods. Pearsonχ2 test was used to analyze the effects of gender, urban-rural character, mastery of relevant based knowledge and intra-group contribution on examination results of progressive PBL. Results Theoretical knowledge score of progressive PBL group was significantly lower than LBL group [(78.49 ±3.15) vs. (81.94 ±5.37), t=-4.11, P=0.000], while clinical skill score [(86.34 ±9.16) vs. (80.96±7.85), t=1.63, P=0.003] and clinical analysis score [(82.25±5.17) vs. (70.54±3.85), t=13.47, P=
0.000] of progressive PBL group were significantly higher than LBL group. Teaching satisfaction scales of learning interest ( χ2=7.21, P=0.007), self-learning ability ( χ2=6.70, P=0.010), knowledge use ability ( χ2=7.92, P=0.005), analytical thinking ability (χ2=4.36, P=0.037) and expression ability (χ2=9.17, P=0.003) in progressive PBL group were significantly higher than LBL group. Gender( χ2=0.0109,P=0.917) and urban-rural character (χ2=0.045, P=0.831) showed no significant impact on examination results of progressive PBL. While relevant based knowledge (χ2=6.82, P=0.009) and intra-group contribution (χ2=4.91, P=0.027) showed significant impact on examination results of progressive PBL. Conclusion Progressive PBL can improve the clinical skill and case analysis ability of students. Relevant based knowledge and intra-group contribution have significant impact on the effect of progressive PBL.

Objective_To identify the anti-HBV efficiency of AAV-IFNαby infecting HepG2.2.15 cell line, and to develop a new strategy of curing hepatitis B.Methods_Firstly,recombinant vector was packaged into AAV by three plasmids co-transfection method;then AAV-IFNαinfected HepG2.2.15 cell line, and samples were collected on the 1st, 3rd,6th and 9th day;thirdly, The time-course of HBV DNA,HBsAg and HBeAg were detected by qPCR and ELISA.The proliferation of HepG2.2.15 cells detected by MTT.Results_Recombinant AAV-IFNαcan significantly inhibit HBV replication and expression in vitro because of the proliferation of HepG2.2.15 cells inhibited by AAV6-IFNα( P<0.05) .Conclusions_AAV-IFNαis a potential antiviral product for hepatitis B.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy and safety between caspofungin and fluconazole in the treatment of severe pulmonary fungal infection in intensive care unit. METHODS:36 patients with systemic fungal infections in intensive care unit were randomly assigned to receive caspofungin 50 mg?d-1 which was added into 250 mL normal saline and infused in no less than 1h for 14 days after initial dose of 70 mg(caspofungin group,n=18) or fluconazole 400 mg?d-1 for 14 days by iv gtt (fluconazole group,n=18). The curative efficacy and adverse events in the two groups were observed. RESULTS:The effective rate was 100.0% in caspofungin group versus 66.7% in fluconazole group. The incidence rates were 22.2% and 72.2%,respectively. There were significant differences in the overall effective rate between two groups(P

OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy and safety of linezolid vs.vancomycin in the treatment of MRSA-inducing ventilator-associated pneumonia in ICU.METHODS:In randomized controlled trials,54 patients with MRSA-inducing ventilator-associated pneumonia in ICU were randomly divided into 2 groups.Linezolid group (n=24) were administered with linezolid 600 mg every 12 h for 10 days,ivgtt.Vancomycin group (n=30) were given vancomycin 500 mg every 8h for 10 days ivgtt.Adverse events and the efficacy of two groups were investigated.RESULTS:Comparison results of linezolid group vs.vancomycin group were as follows:effective rates:100% vs.66.7%,MRSA eradication rates:87.5% vs.43.3%,adverse reactions rates:12.5% vs.13.3%.There were significant differences in the effective rates and MRSA eradication rates between two groups.CONCLUSION:The efficacy and safety of linezolid in the treatment of MRSA-inducing ventilator-associated pneumonia is superior to vancomycin.

Objective To evaluate the role of IL-2 dendritic cell in chronic hepatitis B,peri-dendritic cells were cultured,cytokins CD4O,CD86,CD80,CD83 and IL-2 were measured by ELLISA.Methods 20 chronic hepatitis B patients were selected,each one donated 15ml blood.dentritic cells were cultured,and IL-4 1000u/ml rhGM-CSF 1000u/ml was given each well,while IL-2 100u/ml was given each control well.CD40,CD86,CD80 and CD83 were measured by FLSC at 9th day.IL-2 was detected by ELISA at 12th day.Results The level of CD40,CD86,CD80 and CD83 in increased when using IL-2,and dentritic cell secreted IL-2 in chronic hepatitis.Conclusion The results suggest that IL-2 can promote the phenotypic and functional maturation of PC.

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance state of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, so as to offer reasonable experimental data for clinical therapy. Methods A statistic analy- sis for the specimen souree, distribution of infected departments and drug resistance state to 441 iso- lates was conducted in a retrospective way. Results Among 441 strains, 357 (80. 95%) were isolated from sputum species. The department with the highest isolating rate was ICU (26.5%), followed by department of respiratory disease (20. 63 %), department of neurosurgery (19.05 %) and department of geriatrics (17. 01%). The most sensitive antibiotic was Meropenem, which total drug resistance rate was 13. 61%; the most insensitive antibiotic was ampicillin-sulbactam, which total drug resistance rate was 91.38%. The drug resistance rate of P. Aeruginosa was increasing year by year. Conclusion Clinical isolates of P. Aeruginosa mostly come from sputum samples and ICU, and they are highly and multidrug resistant to various antibiotics.