The rapid progress of molecular genetic methods over the past two decades has necessitated the development of methods to detect and quantify genetic activity within living bodies. Reporter genes provide a rapid and convenient tool to monitor gene expression by yielding a readily measurable phenotype upon expression when introduced into a biological system. Conventional reporter systems, however, are limited in their usefulness for in vivo experiments or human gene therapy because of its invasive nature which requires cell damage before assays can be performed. This offers an unique opportunity for nuclear imaging techniques to develope a novel method for imaging both the location and amount of gene expression noninvasively. Current developments to achieve this goal rely on utilizing either reporter enzymes that accumulate radiolabeled substrates or reporter receptors that bind specific radioligands. This overview includes a brief introduction to the background for such research, a summary of publis hed results, and an outlook for future directions.
Gene Expression* ; Genes, Reporter ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Molecular Biology ; Phenotype

Newer antidepressants are commonly used in clinical practice to treat psychiatric disorder and psychosomatic disorder including chronic pain syndrome, fibromyalgia, headache. However there are many unexpected adverse effects of these drugs such as nausea and vomiting, weight gain, sexual dysfunction. These are 3 most well-recognized common adverse effects of newer antidepressant and are most common causes of treatment failure. I reviewed mechanisms, epidemiology, and pharmacological management of these adverse effects of newer antidepressants. In this paper, newer antidepressants include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor(fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, citalopram, escitalopram, sertraline, paroxetine), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor(venlafaxine, duloxetine), norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor(bupropion), noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant(mirtazapine), and reversible inhibitor of MAO-A(moclobemide). I suggest that psychiatrists and clinicians in the psychosomatic field should know mechanisms, epidemiology, and management of these common and well-recognized adverse effects of newer antidepressants. Therefore it will be helpful to recognize easily and treat well for patients with psychiatric disorder and psychosomatic disorder using newer antidepressants.
Antidepressive Agents ; Chronic Pain ; Citalopram ; Dopamine ; Epidemiology* ; Fibromyalgia ; Fluvoxamine ; Headache ; Humans ; Nausea* ; Norepinephrine ; Psychiatry ; Psychophysiologic Disorders ; Serotonin ; Sertraline ; Treatment Failure ; Vomiting* ; Weight Gain*

No abstract available.

Cancer is the most common cause of death in Korea. Therefore, the care of terminally ill cancer patients represents a major issue of Korean welfare. Because of lack of hospice and palliative care education and government support, most terminally ill cancer patients are not given proper care with due human dignity. The hospice and palliative care education include a change of physicians attitudes toward patients and their family members control of symptoms, such as pain, for a high quality of life, total care with a team approach, and home care. When the physicians' attitudes become changed, the patient and his or her family would feel that they still retain human dignity and experience the best quality of life with the help of team approach. For the symptom control in terminally ill cancer patients, control of pain is most important and is possible in 97% of patients with opioids. Also, the medical costs are highest in terminal stage of cancer and hospice may be a solution to reduce the cost. The hospice insurance for the terminally ill cancer patients is covered by government in many oriental countries, such as Japan, Hongkong, Singapore, and Taiwan, because it can reduce medical costs and improve the welfare of patients. The joint committee of Korean Society of Hospice·Palliative care, Korean Hospice Care, and Catholic Hospice Care have been asking for the national hospice insurance to the Korean government since 1988, to no effect. In conclusion, the hospice and palliative care should be supported by government as well as medical field.
Analgesics, Opioid ; Cause of Death ; Education ; Home Care Services ; Hong Kong ; Hospice Care ; Hospices ; Humans ; Insurance ; Japan ; Joints ; Korea ; Palliative Care ; Personhood ; Quality of Life ; Singapore ; Taiwan ; Terminally Ill

The congenital cutis aplasia mainly occurs in head, sometimes involving the skull and dura mater. It's cause and the rate of falling ill are not known yet, it is the disease that rate of death is high by the infection, such as, the injured vascular hemorrhange of meningitis. Craniosynostosis is the disease the appears the skull as well as the facial deformity with growing, has from the developmental difficiency, visual distibance, motor disturbance, convulsion to the neurologic impairment of mental retardation, and accompanies the each characteristic deformity follwing the suture fused. Satsifactory results was achieved by local flap surgery and conservative treatment on the infant, diagnosed as the congenital cutis aplasia. case 1 Also successful treatment experiences of craniosynostosis(oxycephaly, brachycephaly, trigonocephaly, cloverleaf deformity) through the frontal bone advancement and the barrel stave asteotomy, were reviewed & pursues and investigates the intracranial volume of before and after of surgery, and then reports with the literature investigation.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Craniosynostoses* ; Dura Mater ; Frontal Bone ; Head ; Humans ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability ; Meningitis ; Seizures ; Skull ; Sutures

PURPOSE: This study is used to investigate the correlation among a stroke patient family's health, burden and quality of life. METHOD: Data was collected from one hundred twenty family care-givers registered at K and H Hospital in Seoul. Questionnaire data was drawn up by personal interviews aided by the staff nurses. The analyses of collected data are based on the rate of 100 percentage to the average, t-test, ANOVA, DMR, Pearson Correlation. Result: (1) The influential factors on physical health proved to be age, sex, academic career, matrimonial status, present occupation, economic situation, the relationship with the patient, the patient-caring term, and the family-formation. The psychological health issues were age, final academic career, matrimonial status, the relation with patient and the family-formation. Burdens were shown to be age, matrimonial status, the relation with patient, and the patient-caring term. The quality of life was determined by age, final academic career, matrimonial status, and the relationship with the patient, the patient- caring term, and the family-formation. (2) The rate of the physical condition was 2.87, the psychological condition 2.43, the sense of burden 3.08, and the quality of life was 2.42. (3) The rate of correlation between the burden and the quality of life was (r= -.547), the psychological health and the burden was (r= -.531), the physical health and the burden was (r= -.263), physical health and quality of life was (r= .301), psychological health, and quality of life was (r= .413). CONCLUSION: It follows from this study that there is a very close correlation among the stroke patient family's health, the burden, and quality of life. Therefore it is necessary that we should find various nursing intervention ways in order to mitigate the burden of family when caring for the stroke patients.
Humans ; Nursing ; Occupations ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul ; Stroke*

No abstract available.
Adenoma*

No abstract available.
Genetic Therapy*

No abstract available.
Genetic Therapy*

No abstract available.
Thorax*