No abstract available.
Humans ; Pediatric Obesity*

Noabstract available.
Hantaan virus*

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: This study of this study was to identify factors influencing the burden of main family caregivers who take care of elderly patients with brain and spinal diseases. METHODS: This was conducted as descriptive research and data were collected from 255 main family caregivers who were taking care of elderly patients with brain and spinal diseases from 4 hospitals in Daegu and Gyeongbuk Province. Stepwise-multiple regression was used to identify the influencing factors of burden felt. RESULTS: As the score of burden felt by the main family, economic, social, physical, interdependent and emotional burdens were high in order. Factors influencing burden felt by main family care givers taking care of elderly patients with brain and spinal diseases were changed relation with patient after hospitalization, daily life ability, marital status, education and family caregiver's personality (explanatory power of 24.6%). Family caregivers felt a heavier burden when their relation with the patient was changed negatively or when the patient's activity of daily living was low. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, we need to develop coping measures and interventional programs for reducing the burden felt by the main family caregivers of elderly patients with brain and spinal diseases.
Aged* ; Brain Diseases ; Brain* ; Caregivers* ; Cost of Illness ; Daegu ; Education ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Life ; Marital Status ; Spinal Diseases*

PURPOSE: This study of this study was to identify factors influencing the burden of main family caregivers who take care of elderly patients with brain and spinal diseases. METHODS: This was conducted as descriptive research and data were collected from 255 main family caregivers who were taking care of elderly patients with brain and spinal diseases from 4 hospitals in Daegu and Gyeongbuk Province. Stepwise-multiple regression was used to identify the influencing factors of burden felt. RESULTS: As the score of burden felt by the main family, economic, social, physical, interdependent and emotional burdens were high in order. Factors influencing burden felt by main family care givers taking care of elderly patients with brain and spinal diseases were changed relation with patient after hospitalization, daily life ability, marital status, education and family caregiver's personality (explanatory power of 24.6%). Family caregivers felt a heavier burden when their relation with the patient was changed negatively or when the patient's activity of daily living was low. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, we need to develop coping measures and interventional programs for reducing the burden felt by the main family caregivers of elderly patients with brain and spinal diseases.
Aged* ; Brain Diseases ; Brain* ; Caregivers* ; Cost of Illness ; Daegu ; Education ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Life ; Marital Status ; Spinal Diseases*

There are numerous drug interactions related to many psychotropic and cardiovascular medications. Firstly, the principles in predicting drug interactions are discussed. Cytochrome P (CYP) 450 plays a significant role in the metabolism of these drugs that are substrates, inhibitors, or inducers of CYP450 enzymes. The two most significant enzymes are CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. The ability of psychotropic drugs to act as inhibitors for the enzymes may lead to altered efficacy or toxicity of co-administered cardiovascular agents as a substrate for the enzymes. The following is also a review of the known interactions between many commonly prescribed cardiovascular agents and psychotropic drugs. Most beta blockers are metabolized by CYP2D6, which may lead to drug toxicity when they use in combination with potent CYP2D6 inhibitors including bupropion, chlorpromazine, haloperidol, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and quinidine. Concomitant administration of lithium with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and diuretics may increase serum lithium concentrations and toxicity. Calcium channel blockers and cholesterol lowering agents are subject to interactions with potent inhibitors of CYP3A4, such as amiodarone, diltiazem, fluvoxamine, nefazodone, and verapamil. Prescribing antiarrhythmic drugs in conjunction with medications are known to prolong QT interval and/or inhibitors on a relevant CYP450 enzyme is generally not recommended, or needs watchful monitoring. Digoxin and warfarin also have warrant careful monitoring if co-administered with psychotropic drugs.
Amiodarone ; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; Bupropion ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; Cardiovascular Agents ; Chlorpromazine ; Cholesterol ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; Cytochromes ; Digoxin ; Diltiazem ; Diuretics ; Drug Interactions ; Drug Toxicity ; Fluvoxamine ; Haloperidol ; Lithium ; Psychotropic Drugs ; Quinidine ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors ; Triazoles ; Verapamil ; Warfarin

Radiographic increase in the size of tibial and femoral tunnels has been observed following the reconstruction of the ACL with a bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft. The purpose of this study is to determine if any differences exist in the amount of enlargement of the bone tunnel with the clinical results and to know the factors which affected to the enlargement of the bone tunnels. Total 27 patients were retrospectively reviewed for tunnel enlargement radiographically at one year after operation. Anteroposterior and lateral x-ray were obtained and the tunnel were measured by two independent observers. The measurements were made at the widest part of the tunnel. The distance between tibial interference screw and knee joint line also measured. Correction for magnification was performed by comparing the measured width of the interference screw used for fixation of the graft with its actual width. Statistical analysis was performed with Wilcoxon rank sum test. The radiographic tunnel enlargement was an average of 1.7+/-1.3mm for the femur and 1.9+/-0.8mm for the tibia. The proximal migration of the tibial interference screw was an average of 2.3++/-1.1 mm. There was no statistically significant correlation between the changes in tunnel diameter and either the modified Hughston knee score, Lysholm knee score, or the joint laxity measured by a KT-2000 arthrometer, Lachman test. There were no correlations between the mild proximal migration of the tibial interference screw and the clinical results. Conclusively, the tunnel enlargement and mild proximal migration of the interference screw did not appear to affect the functional outcome adversely. It needs longer follow up for the evaluation of etiology and natural history of this tunnel enlargement.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; Autografts ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Natural History ; Patellar Ligament* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibia ; Transplants*

The purpose of this study was to test the effects of position change with 30degree laterally inclined position on pressure sores prevention. This study was designed as a Nonequivalent Control Group Quasi-experiment study. The subjects were collected with convenience sample of 30 patients who were hospitalized at ICU(Intensive Care Unit) of C university hospital in Seoul from March 1 to October 31, 1997. The patients were not able to change of position without help. The 15 patients were assigned to the control group and the other 15 patients to the experimental group. The both group were done position change every 2 hours and were observed whether pressure sores was developed for 2 weeks. For the experimental group, two positioning methods were alternatively used : 30degree right lateral, 30degree left lateral. For the control group, 90degree right and left lateral position were applied instead of 30degree lateral position. New Pressure Risk Assessment Scale was utilized to assess pressure sore risk. It is consists of 8 subscales which reflect sensory perception, skin moisture, activity, mobility, friction and shear, nutritional status, body temperature, and amount of medications(analgesics and sedatives). The results of this study are as follows ; 1. The incidence of pressure sores in total sample was 13 cases(43.3%) : 10 cases(76.9%) in control group, 3 cases(23.1%) in experimental group. the incidence rate of pressure sores in experimental group was significant lower than control group. 2. The sites of pressure scores development were 5 cases in trochanteric region, 4 cases in hip region, 2 cases in flank region, 1 cases in sacral region and 1 case in occipital region. Trochanteric region sores were not developed in experimental group. 3. The mean hospitalized period before pressure sores development were 7.3 day in experimental group and 4.1 day in control group. According to the results from this study, suggestions are as follows ; 1. Development of device which enable to keep 30degree laterally inclined position for 2 hours is needed. 2. It is necessary to study variously and objectively usefulness of 30degree laterally inclined position change which is applied to the other pressure risk assessment scale.
Body Temperature ; Femur ; Friction ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intensive Care Units* ; Critical Care* ; Nutritional Status ; Pressure Ulcer* ; Risk Assessment ; Sacrococcygeal Region ; Seoul ; Skin

No abstract available.
Adenoviridae* ; Child ; Child, Hospitalized* ; Coinfection* ; Humans ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae* ; Mycoplasma* ; Pneumonia* ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma*

No abstract available.