No Abstract Available.
Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases* ; Receptors, Cell Surface* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta*

Current evidences have expended the concept that chronic inflammation might play a crucial role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. For instance, chronic ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with a 10- to 40-fold increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) compared to the general population. However, the specific mechanistic link between chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis in colon has not been integrated into molecular understanding. In this current review, we will provide an update on the molecular pathogenesis of colitis-associated colorectal cancer, focused on 1) the differences of molecular mechanism between the colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) and the sporadic colorectal cancer (SCC), 2) the plausible and contributive role of chronic inflammation in colon carcinogenesis, and 3) lessons learned from colitis-associated animal model. Understanding of molecular pathogenic mechanism underlying the colitis-associated colorectal cancer will facilitate the development of novel treatment strategies for prevention of colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
Carcinogenesis* ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Colon* ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Inflammation* ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Models, Animal

No abstract availble.
Animals ; *Cell Line ; *Helicobacter Infections ; *Helicobacter pylori ; Humans

Gastrointestinal hemangioma is a relatively uncommon benign vascular tumor that can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract. It is the second most common vascular lesion of the colon and a clinically important entity because of the possibility of massive hemorrhage when complicated. In gross appearance, hemangioma presents variously as a pedunculated, subpedunculated, or flat elevated lesion similar to a submucosal tumor. A typical case of hemangioma is relatively easy to diagnose because the lesion presents as translucent blue-purple vessels under the mucosa. However, it can be difficult to diagnose in some cases, especially if it does not have its usual characteristic color or is covered with normal mucosa. We incidentally found a colonic hemangioma that had the unusual appearance of a pedunculated polypoid lesion with normal mucosa. It was misdiagnosed as a pedunculated polyp with a long, thick neck and treated by using an endoscopic mucosal resection.
Caves ; Colon ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hemangioma ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; Hemorrhage ; Mucous Membrane ; Neck ; Polyps

No abstract available.
Capsule Endoscopy*

No abstract available.
Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter*

No abstract available.
Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter*

Despite substantial progress in screening, early diagnosis, and the development of noninvasive technology, gastrointestinal (GI) cancer remains a major cause of cancer-associated mortality. Chemoprevention is thought to be a realistic approach for reducing the global burden of GI cancer, and efforts have been made to search for chemopreventive agents that suppress acid reflux, GI inflammation and the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Thus, proton pump inhibitors, statins, monoclonal antibodies targeting tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents have been investigated for their potential to prevent GI cancer. Besides the development of these synthetic agents, a wide variety of the natural products present in a plant-based diet, which are commonly called phytoceuticals, have also sparked hope for the chemoprevention of GI cancer. To perform successful searches of chemopreventive agents for GI cancer, it is of the utmost importance to understand the factors contributing to GI carcinogenesis. Emerging evidence has highlighted the role of chronic inflammation in inducing genomic instability and telomere shortening and affecting polyamine metabolism and DNA repair, which may help in the search for new chemopreventive agents for GI cancer.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Biological Agents ; Chemoprevention ; Diet ; DNA Repair ; Early Diagnosis ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; Genomic Instability ; Helicobacter pylori ; Inflammation ; Mass Screening ; Proton Pump Inhibitors ; Telomere Shortening ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a cytokine implicated in the susceptibility, development, and progression of gastrointestinal cancer and certain other neoplasms. In the later stages of cancer, TGF-β not only acts as a bystander of host-immune response, but also contributes to cell growth, invasion, and metastasis. In the current study, we generated gastric mucosal cells that stably express Smad7, and explored the Helicobacter pylori-associated biological changes between mock-transfected and Smad7-transfected RGM1 cells. METHODS: RGM1 cells stably transfected with Smad7 were infected with H. pylori, and molecular changes in apoptotic markers and inflammatory mediators were examined. Several candidate genes were explored in Smad7-overexpressing cells after H. pylori infection. RESULTS: Overexpression of Smad7 in RGM1 cells significantly increased the H. pylori-induced cytotoxicity compared to mock-transfected cells. Exaggerated increases in inflammatory mediators, cyclooxygenase 2, inducible NO synthase, and augmented apoptosis were noted in Smad7-overexpressing cells, whereas mitigated heme oxygenase 1 was noted in Smad7- overexpressing cells. These phenomena were reversed in cells transfected with Smad7 siRNA. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that inhibition of Smad7 is a possible target for mitigating H. pylori-associated inflammation.
Apoptosis ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Gastritis ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; Helicobacter pylori ; Helicobacter* ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; Inflammation ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Transforming Growth Factor beta

No abstract available.
Colonoscopy*