PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the levels of compassion fatigue/satisfaction, communication efficacy, and job satisfaction among integrated nursing and care services (INCS) units, and to analyze the factors affecting their job satisfaction. METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted between January 1 and February 15, 2019 with 174 nurses working at INCS units. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson`s correlation coefficient, and hierarchial multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 23.0. RESULTS: Job satisfaction was significantly different according to age, marital status, monthly income, total clinical career, and job position. Job satisfaction was positively correlated with compassion satisfaction (r=.72, p<.001) and communication efficacy (r=.52, p<.001) and showed a negative correlation with compassion fatigue (r=.-25, p<.001). Factors affecting job satisfaction were compassion satisfaction (β=.61, p<.001) and communication efficacy (β=.18, p=.004). Overall, approximately 58.9% of the variability in job satisfaction was explained by these two variables in this study. CONCLUSION Compassion satisfaction has the effect of maintaining an emotional balance in the nurse's interprofessional relationships. High communication efficacy among professionals in the INCS ward is a necessary factor to increase nurses' job satisfaction. These results suggest that programs to improve compassion satisfaction and communication efficacy are needed to enhance nurses' job satisfaction.

BACKGROUND: To explore an interaction(s) of endothelin with other blood pressure regulating systems, effects of either a high concentration of sodium chloride vehicle or pretreatment with atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on the pressor response to endothelin were investigated in rats. METHOD: Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with thiopental (50mg/kg, IP) and were cannulated into left lateral cerebral ventricle. The left femoral artery and vein were also catheterized to measure blood pressure and to serve as an infusion route, respectively. Endothelin (10pmol) dissolved in either normal (0.15M) or high concentration (3.0M) of NaCl vehicle with ANP (1 nmol, ICV). For intravenous (IV) infusion, endothelin(1pmol/min) dissolved either in normal or high concentration of NaCl vehicle was infused for 20min. RESULT: ICV endothelin caused an increase of arterial pressure, in which the NaCl did not affect but ANP-pretreatment significantly attenuated the pressor magnitude. IV endothelin also increased the arterial pressure, which was potentiated by NaCl, ie, the maximum increase caused by the IV endothelin in the high NaCl vehicle was greater than the sum of that induced by endothelin (infused in normal NaCl vehicle) and that induced by high NaCl vehicle only. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that endothelin has separate central and peripheral pressor actions, in which the former is not affected by high NaCl but is attenuated by the ANP system and the latter is potentiated by high NaCl.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; Blood Pressure ; Catheters ; Cerebral Ventricles ; Endothelins* ; Femoral Artery ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium Chloride* ; Sodium* ; Thiopental ; Veins

It has been found that acetylcholine releases at least two different substances from the vascular endothelial cells, i.e., relaxing factor and hyperpolarizing factor. The present study was armed to investigate whether and to what extent these factors are involved in the relaxation of the corpus cavernosum. The corpus cavernosum was isolated from male New Zealand white rabbits and suspended longitudinally in an organ bath. The corporal strips were precontracted with phenylephrine, tetraethylammonium (TEA) or potassium chloride, and their responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS) or exogenously-administered acetylcholine were examined. EFS caused a frequency-dependent relaxation of the corpus cavernosum precontracted with phenylephrine, which was significantly inhibited or abolished in the presence of procaine (3.5 x 0.0001mol/L) or ouabain (0.0001mol/L). The corporal preparation precontracted with TEA also showed a frequency-dependent relaxation, however, the degree of which was lower than that precontracted with phenylephrine. EFS was without a significant effect on the corporal preparation precontracted with KCl (3 x 0.01mol/L). Acethylcholine elicted a concentration-dependent relaxation of the corpus cavernosum, the magnitude of which was significantly diminished in the presence of L-NAME (0.0001 mol/L). The relaxation response to EFS of the corporal preparation precontracted with phenylephrine was significantly attenuated in the presence of L-NAME (0.0001 mol/L), in which the residual relaxation was completely abolished by glibenclamide (0.00001mol/L). The relaxation of the corpus cavernosum in response to EFS was reversed into a contraction by methylene blue (0.0001mol/L) or TEA (0.01mol/L). These results suggest that endothelium-derived relaxing and hyperpolarizing factors released upon neural stimulation mediate the relaxation of the corpus cavernosum. It is also suggested that EDRF activates soluble guanylate cyclase and EDHF does ATP-sensitive potassium channels.
Acetylcholine ; Arm ; Baths ; Endothelial Cells ; Glyburide ; Guanylate Cyclase ; Humans ; KATP Channels ; Male ; Methylene Blue ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Ouabain ; Phenylephrine ; Potassium Chloride ; Procaine ; Rabbits ; Relaxation* ; Tea ; Tetraethylammonium

Effects of Ultratiolet (UV) light was studied in isolated thoracic aortae of rabbits and porcine coronary arteries. The following results were obtained. 1) Radiation of UV light did not affect both arterial rings in resting tension. 2) Both arterial preparations contracted with various vasoconstrictors (KCI,NE,PE,BayK 8644 and (+S202 etc.) were relaxed by UV light radiation in a radiation time-dependent fashion. 3) The magnitudes of the relaxation were not significantly different in both the rings with or without intact endothelium. 4) MB and LY markedldy reduced the UV light-induced relaxation in both the rings. 5) PP significantly attenuated the UV light-induced relaxation of rabbit thoracic aorta, but did not affect that of porcine coronary artery. 6) The UV Light-induced relaxation of porcine coronary artery was significantly attenuated by DT or NF, while that of rabbit thoracic aorta was not. 7) (+)S202 significantly potentiated the UV light-induced relaxation of porcine coronary artery contracted with KCI or Hist. Above results suggest that the UV light-induced relaxation of vascular smooth muscles is independent on the endothelium, and the relaxation results from primarily activation of guanylyl cyclase and is in part related to adenylyl cyclase and calcium metabolism. In adddition, a dihydropyridine calcium agonist, (+)S202, may sensitize vascular smooth muscle to the relaxing effect of UV light through some unknown mechanism.
Adenylyl Cyclases ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Calcium* ; Coronary Vessels ; Endothelium ; Guanylate Cyclase ; Metabolism ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Rabbits ; Relaxation* ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Vasoconstrictor Agents

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships among uncertainty, meaning of life, and anxiety in preoperative cancer patients. METHODS: Study participants were 90 adult patients with thyroid, breast, gastric, or colorectal cancer who were admitted to the general surgery ward and daily operation center in a university-affiliated hospital. Data were collected using Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness Scale, Meaning in Life Questionnaire, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Data were analyzed using t-tests, one-way ANOVAs, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and a multivariate linear regression analysis (backward stepwise) with SPSS version 24. RESULTS: Anxiety showed a positive correlation with uncertainty in illness (r=.59, p < .001) and a negative correlation with meaning of life (r=−.49, p < .001), and uncertainty had a negative correlation with meaning of life (r=−53, p < .001). The regression model explained 40.0% variance of preoperative cancer patients' anxiety (F=20.55, p < .001). Significant factors were uncertainty (β=.43, p < .001), meaning of life (β=−.20, p < .001), and low income level (β=.18, p < .001). CONCLUSION: Our study's findings show that cancer patients' anxiety can be reduced within 24 hours before surgery through psychological nursing interventions aimed at reducing uncertainty and improving the meaning of life.
Adult ; Anxiety ; Breast ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Nursing ; Preoperative Period ; Thyroid Gland ; Uncertainty

Purpose: This study is descriptive research aiming to identify factors influencing the stigma experienced by college students with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), focusing on COVID-19 pandemic stress, depression, and fear of negative evaluation as the main variables. Methods: An online survey was administered to 175 college students who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 from January to May 2022 and were enrolled in universities in Seoul, Cheongju, and Daegu, South Korea. The survey collected data on pandemic stress, depression, fear of negative evaluation, and stigma. The data were analyzed using the t-test, ANOVA, the Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression in SPSS/WIN 26.0. Results: We analyzed differences in stigma scores based on general characteristics of the college students and found significant differences in stigma scores by age, major satisfaction, interpersonal satisfaction, date of COVID-19 confirmation, treatment modality, and recent subjective health condition. Factors influencing stigmatization were identified as COVID-19 pandemic stress, depression, date of COVID-19 confirmation, treatment modality, recent subjective health condition, and major satisfaction, with an overall explanatory power of 37.6%. Conclusion This study is significant as it identifies emotional changes across various aspects of pandemic stress, depression, fear of negative evaluation, and stigma among college students who have been diagnosed with COVID-19. The findings of this study suggest the development of programs to reduce psychological distress and enhance mental health management skills among these students.

Purpose: : This study is descriptive research investigating the effects of incivility, job stress, and resilience experienced by emergency room nurses on turnover intention. The study will identify the degree of incivility experienced by emergency room nurses and provide data to improve and cope with the impolite situations in emergency room. Methods: : Participants were 203 nurses in the emergency departments of 10 hospitals. The data were analyzed using the SPSS Statistics 24.0 program with descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test and Pearson’s correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: : Turnover intention had significant positive correlations with job stress and incivility from various sources including patients and their caregivers, doctors, supervisors, and coworkers. In contrast, turnover intention had a significant negative correlation with resilience. The most influencing factor for increasing turnover intention was nursing job dissatisfaction, followed by neutral job satisfaction, job stress, not wanting to work in the ER, unmarried marital status, and incivility from coworkers. The total explanatory power of these factors was 36.3%. Conclusion : This study indicates that the less incivility experience among the emergency room nurses is associated with less job stress and lower turnover intention. Therefore, nursing organizations must establish specific support strategies to reduce incivility and job stress experienced by emergency room nurses and minimize their turnover intention.

No abstract available.
Immunoglobulin A* ; Immunoglobulins*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of sleep quality, lifestyle and successful aging in the elderly. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 125 elderly people, aged 65 years and older, who attended a senior welfare center in Cheongju city, Korea. They completed a structured self-reported questionnaire comprising measures of quality of sleep, lifestyle, and successful aging. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé's test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and hierarchical linear multiple regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 20.0. RESULTS: Lifestyle showed a positive correlation with the quality of sleep, and successful aging showed a significant positive correlation with quality of sleep and lifestyle. Pin money (β=.32), quality of sleep (β=.20) and lifestyle (β=.55) were strong influential factors in successful aging. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed the determinant variables account for 35.9% of the variation in successful aging (F=35.11, p < .001). CONCLUSION: Successful aging depends on controllable factors such as the willingness to change the lifestyle of choosing one's life and how one copes with applying appropriate sleep hygiene. These results suggest that improvement of the quality of sleep and lifestyle will be helpful to the successful aging process.
Aged* ; Aging* ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Korea ; Life Style*

The present study was aimed at investigating the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and urinary responses to acute perturbations in fluid balance and the vascular function in diabetes mellitus (DM). DM was induced in rats by treatment with streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, i.p.). Ten weeks later, the plasma ANP concentration measured in the conscious state was significantly higher in DM group (27.5 +/- 3.9 pg/mL) than in the control (15.4 +/- 2.6 pg/mL), while the atrial tissue contents of ANP were lower. In response to acute extracellular volume expansion (VE), amounting up to 5% of body weight over 45 min, under thiopental anesthesia (50 mg/kg, i.p.), the magnitude of increase in plasma ANP was lower in the DM group than in the control (56.8 +/- 25.2 vs. 189.1 +/- 53.6% increases over the basal). Urinary sodium excretion during VE was also lower in the DM group. Acetylcholine-induced relaxation of the isolated aortic rings was attenuated in the DM group, which was partially restored by L-arginine-supplementation (2 g/L in drinking water). These results suggest that body fluid homeostasis and vascular functions are unfavorably altered in DM.
Animals ; Aorta/drug effects ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Heart Atria/metabolism ; Male ; Plasma Volume ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vasodilation/drug effects/*physiology