The sunscreening effect can be varied according to the vehicles. Therefore the purpose of this study is to compare the effect of vehicles(bases) on sun protection in p-aminobenzoic acid, cinnamate and benzophenone sunscreens with same concentration (2.5%), We included ointment (white petrolatum), cream (hydrophilic), milky lotion and alcohol as the sunscreen vehicles. The test results can be summarized as follows: We could not recognize a sunscreening effect of sunscreen vehicles which did not contain sunscreening agent. In the case of p-aminobenzoic acid, the mean sun protection factor was higher in the sequence of cream, milky lotion, alcohol, ointment, each showing 9, 95+/-3.67, 8.09+/-2.56, 5.14+/-1.45, 4.35+/-1.46 respectively. In the case of cinnamate, the mean sun protection factor was higher in the sequence of cream, ointment, milky lotion, alcohol, each showing 6 46+/-1.89, 5.42+/-1.49, 4.82+/-1.84, 4.05+/-1.45 respectively. 4. In the case of benzophenone, the mean sun protection factor was higher in the sequence of cream, alcohol, ointment, milky lotion, each showing 5 .26+/-1.56, 4.94+/-1.24, 4.56+/-1.71, 4.18+/-1.23 respectively.
4-Aminobenzoic Acid ; Skin* ; Solar System ; Sun Protection Factor ; Sunscreening Agents

The object of this study is to evaluate the effects of repeat,ed PUVA applications on epidermal melanocytes. The changes in the number of melanocyes is compared to the frequency of PUVA applications. 26 adult male C57BL mice were used. About an hour after appliction of 0.1% solution of 8-methoxypsoralen, UVA was delivered two or four times a weels on both ears of mice with blacklight fluorescent tube l,'Waldmann UV-800). Weekly examinations of melanocytes were made for 4 weeks on split epidermal sheets treated with DOPA solution. The results were as follows. 1. Repeated PUVA applications revealed a significant increase in the number of melanocytes. With PUVA, two times a week, the number of me anocytes was increased from 83.2+/-7.2/mm2 (unir radiated ear) to 250.6+/-34.7/mm2 after ore week and 525.5+/-66.7/mm2 after 4 weeks. With PUVA, four times a week, the number of melanocytes was increased from 83.2+/-7.. 2/mm2 (unirradiated ear) to 437.0+/-74.0/mm2 after one week and 686.3+/-27.8/mm2 after 4 weeks. 2. PUVA, four times a wcek, elicited higher melanocyte density than PUVA, two times a week, under the same period of treatment. 3. After two weeks, the same amount of irradiation increased the number of melanocytes more in PUVA, four times a week than in PUVA, t,wo times a week.
Adult ; Animals ; Dihydroxyphenylalanine ; Ear ; Humans ; Male ; Melanocytes* ; Methoxsalen ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL*

This study was undertaken to investigate the quantitative change of sunburn cell(FiBC)production and ear swelling reaction(ESR)aecording to the UVA radiation dose and time course sfter PUVA treatment. A total of 75 ICR male albino haired mice were used as subjects. The results were as follows : 1. At 24 hours after PUVA treatment, the mean SBC numbers per cm length of epidermis were 29.1+13.6 with 1J/cm, 48.8+19.5 with 5J/cm, and 51.6+14. 8 with 10J/cm of UVA irradiation. SBC production was dose related with respect to radiation dose, but the increment was not so remarkable with more than 5J /cm of UVA irradiation. 2. [n PUVA treatment using 5J/cm of UVA, the mean SBC numbers per cm length of epiderrnis were 48.8+19.5 after 24 hours, 63.8+18.3 after 48 hours. SBC numbers rose to a maximum at 48 hours, but epidermal damage precludecl SBC counting after this. 3. At, 24 hours after PUVA treatment, no significant ESR was observed with 1 an3 5J/cm of UVA. In PUVA treatment using lOJ/cm of UVA, the mean ear thickness was 20.6+1.7( x 10mm) before treatment and 30.1+3.3( x 10mm') at 2h: hours after treatment, which showed significa.nt change(p<0.05). 4. In PUVA treatment using 5J(cm of UVA, ESR showed significant change at 43hours reaching a maximum at 72 hours. After 7 days, ESR was not measurable due to ear necrosis.
Animals ; Ear* ; Epidermis ; Hair ; Humans ; Male ; Mice* ; Necrosis ; Skin* ; Sunburn*

The serologic testa for syphilis including VDRL and FTA-abs tests have been carried out in adult VISA applicants for emigration and bIood donors from February, 1977 to May, 1978. The results are summarized as followa: l. In 3,393 VISA applicants the reactive rate af VDRL test was 2.9%, and th biologic false positive rate of VDRL test was 5.1% using the FTA-abs test as the atandared. 2. VDRL test showed a positive rate of 2.3% in 6,220 blood donors. 3. The quantitative test of VDRL resulted in low titer belaw 1:4 in 93.9% of VDRL reactive VISA applicants. From the results it is clear that the prevalence of syphilis is grariually increasing recently compared to the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Adult ; Blood Donors ; Emigration and Immigration ; Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption Test ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Skin Diseases* ; Syphilis ; Tissue Donors ; Zinc*

We have observed the dark effect of 8-methoxypsoralen(8-M(P) on the viability and DNA synthesis in human lymphocyte cultures after stimulaticn with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in the absence of ultraviolet A radiation. The concentratioiis of 8-MOP was 0.5-32 ug/ml. We have also measured the LDH activity in supernatant. of lymphocyte cultures treated with 8-MOP. The results were as follows: 1. There was no 8-MOP dose-dependent decrease in the viability of lymphocytes up to 8- MOP 32pg/ml. 2. There was a 8-MOP dose-dependent decrease in PHA-induced DNA synthesis of lymphocytes from the concentration of 8-MOP 2 ug/ml. 3. There was a time-dependent decrease in PHA-induced DNA synthesis of lymphocytes at the concentration of 8-MOP 32 ug/ml. 4. There was no LDH release in supernatant of lymphocyte ciltu es after incubation with 8-MOP up to 8-MOP 32ug/ml.
Animals ; DNA ; Ear* ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Methoxsalen ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL* ; Photochemotherapy* ; Skin*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Humans* ; Lymphocytes*

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Humans* ; Lymphocytes*

BACKGROUND: The action of ultraviolet rays on DNA causes the main photobiologic response of cells to ultraviolet rays. To study this effect, tritiated thymidine autoradiography was used. Recently 5-bromo-2deoxyuridine(BrdU), an analogue of thymidine, immunohistochemistry has been developed and is used in the detection of synthetic phase cells. Compared to autoradiography, there are several advantages of BrdU immunohistochemistry; a shorter processing time, no requirement of specific facilites. PUVA, the combination method of UVA and Psoralen has lots of photobiologic effects. OBJECTIVE: Using Brdu immunohistochemistry, the effect of PUVA on the DNA synthesis of tape stripped mouse epdermis was studied. METHOD: Mice stripped by adhesive tape for enhancing DNA synthesis were injected intraperitoneally with 50mg/kg of BrdU immediately after stripping and at 6, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 and 48 hours after tape stripping for decision of the time for PUVA. The skin diopsies were taken and the specimens were stained by BrdU immunohistochemistry. Single systemic PUVA exposure was performed on the stripped epidermis in peak synthetic time after tape stripping. The irradiation dose of UVA was 5J/cm(2). 8-MOP was administered at 90 minutes before UVA irradiation via a feeding tube with the dose of 16mg/kg. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with 50mg/kg of BrdU immediately after PUVA and at 12, 24, 48, 72 hours, and 7 days after PUVA. The skin biopsies were taken and the specimens were stained by BrdU immunohistochemistry. Positively labeled cells were counted per 5mm epidermis. RESULT: The results can be summerized as follows : 1. The mean numbers of BrdU labeled cells of each groups according to time after tape stripping were 11.0+/-4.4 at immediate, 24.0+/-9.7 at 6 hours 31.4+/-18.1 at 12 hours, 55.0+/-16.1 at 14 hors, 25.8+/-9.7 at 16 hors, 44.2+/-15.7 at 18 hors, 47.6+/-15.6 at 20 hors, 33.4+/-12.3 at 22 hors, 38.0+/-16.3 at 24 hors, and 22.0+/-8.2 at 48 hors group. The mean number of BrdU labeled cells was observed at 14 hors after tape stripping (p<0.05). So by tape stripping DNA synthesis was enhanced maximally at 14 hours after tape stripping. 2. The man numbers of BrdU labeled cells of each groups according to time after PUVA were 11.0+/-7.5 at immediate, 32.2+/-13.2 at immediate, 32.2+/-13.2 at 6hors, 26.4+/-13.4 at 24 hours, 18.0+/-3.4 at 48 hours, 40.3+/-8.3 at 72 hours, and 27.8+/-11.0 at 7 days group. The lowest number of BrdU labeled cells was observed immediately after PUVA(p<0.05). The decreasein the number of BrdU labeled cells significantly persisted 48 hours after PUVA(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis of PUVA might be sustained 48 hours after PUVA. DNA synthesis was recovered at 72 hours after PUVA and sustained for 7 days.
Adhesives ; Animals ; Autoradiography ; Biopsy ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; DNA* ; Epidermis ; Ficusin ; Immunohistochemistry* ; Methoxsalen ; Mice ; Skin ; Thymidine ; Ultraviolet Rays

This study was done to study the effect of UVA radiation upon sunburn cell formation by UVB. In this study a total of 67 ICR male albino haired mice were used. The results were as follows: 1. UVA radiation produce a little or no sunburn cell in doses 5 J/cm(2), 10 J/cm(2), and 15 J/cm(2). 2. Preirradiation of UVA 5 J/cm, 10 J/cm(2), 15 J/cm(2) had no effect on the sunburn cell formation by UVB 20 mJ/cm(2), 80 mj/cm(2)
Animals ; Hair ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Sunburn*