The patient was a 7 months old Korean girl, who was admitted to Department of Ophthalmology of the Seoul National University Hospital, with 6 months history of the left eyelid swelling and exophthalmos. Visual acuity and ocular movement were unaffected. Orbit CT revealed 1.5x.5 cm sized well circumscribed intraconal mass in the left retrobulbar space with pressure erosion of adjacent bone. At surgery, the mass was pinkish gray and firm, and was adherent to adjacent tissue. The whole mass could not be removed, and a local excision was done.

No abstract available.
Behcet Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Behcet Syndrome*

Gas tamponade is sometimes necessary after vitrectomy. Accurate measurement of intraocular pressure(IOP) in gas-filled eye is important, but is hard to get in operating table, because of lack of a good measuring device. Schiotz tonometry is the only possible method, but it usually gives a lower value than real, because gas-filled eye has a greater compressibility. But if the Schiotz tonometry can give a consistant value in relation to the real value, one can assume a true IOP by simply converting the value, and it will help the vitrectomy surgeon. Vitrectomy with or without lensectomy were done in 7 pigmented rabbits, and fluidair exchange were done at the end of the surgery. Intraocular pressure was monitored by an air infusion system, and true IOP was measured by a transducer from the anterior chamber. Schiotz tonometry was done ar each 5mmHg IOP level, and the values were compared. Schiotz tonometry always gave a lower pressure, and the discrepancy seemed to be greater in aphakic eye, and when the heavier plunger weight were used. Conversion equation was suggested, and their reliability was discussed.
Anterior Chamber ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Manometry ; Operating Tables ; Rabbits ; Transducers ; Vitrectomy*

Advanced glycation end-product(AGE)is known as a factor causing diabetic retinopathy, but little is known about its effect on the function of outer blood-retinal barrier. To test whether AGE can increase the permeability of outer blood-retinal barrier, we injected glycated albumin into white rabbit eyes and observed the change of the fundus and of the outer blood-retinal barrier permeability. The rabbit retina in medullary ray was thickened in AGE-injected eyes. Intravenously injected microperoxidase, tracer molecule, was found in outer sensory retinal layer and outside of the retinal pigment epithelium in AGE-injected eyes. These results suggest that intraocularly injected AGE can increase the outer blood-retinal barrier permeability.
Blood-Retinal Barrier* ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Permeability ; Retina ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Retinaldehyde

Cryotherapy is blamed for inducing or aggravating PVR, by releasing retinal pigment epithelial(RPE) cells. These are based on the fact that PVR rarely occurs in non-operated eye, and many of PVR patients have received cryotherapy during surgery. Nontheless, in eyes with diathermy also developed PVR, and although there have been many experiments, the effect of cryotherapy on inducing PVR was not proven experimentally in the living eye. We made retinal tears in the living rabbit eyes, and applied cryotherapy on one eye of each rabbit. The result was compared histopathologically with noncryothermized control eye. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups concerning the migration of RPE, and the proliferation of RPE. Although the formation of epiretinal membrane was more obvious in the cryothermized group, the difference was not statistically significant.
Cryotherapy* ; Diathermy ; Epiretinal Membrane ; Humans ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde

Silicone oil is widely used as a retinal tamponade in the treatment of PVR. But reproliferation of membrane can occur under the silicone oil. Formerly, silicone oil was believed to suppress the proliferation of membrane, but recently, there were reports that silicone oil might actually promote proliferation of membrane, and recommended to use long-lasting gas rather than silicone oil. But it is known that proliferation of membrane can also occur in the eye in which intraocular gas has been used. So a careful study to compare the effect of intraocular gas and silicone oil to proliferation of membrane is needed. Rabbits are divided into three groups. Retinal tears were made in all the groups. in control group, no further surgery was done, and in the other two group, perfluoropropane gas was injected into the vitreous cavity. The intraocular gas was left unchanged(gas group), or it was exchanged with silicone oil 3 days later(silicone oil group). The fundus was examined periodically, and the eyeball was removed at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery for histopathologic study with light and electron microscope. Both intravitreal gas and silicone oil were shown to increase the formation of proliferative membrane compared to control group, but there was no statistically significant difference between them.
Membranes ; Rabbits ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde ; Silicone Oils*

PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy and complication of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (chronic CSC). METHODS: The authors retrospectively examined 27 eyes of 26 patients who were diagnosed with chronic CSC and treated with PDT between February 2005 and February 2008, to determine visual acuity improvement, resolution of serous retinal detachment and occurrence of complications or recurrences. RESULTS: One month after PDT, neurosensory detachment had disappeared in all patients. In addition, visual acuity had improved in 9 eyes by two lines or more on the Snellen chart, remained unchanged in 14 eyes, and decreased in 4 eyes by two lines or more on the Snellen chart. Final visual acuity had improved in 18 eyes, and remained unchanged in 9 eyes. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) had occurred in two patients, 9 days and 6 months after PDT. Intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab was performed and closure of CNV was obtained. One eye showed choroidal ischemia 1 month after PDT, although visual acuity was not decreased. CONCLUSIONS: PDT appears to be an effective treatment for chronic CSC, and the recurrence rate after PDT is low. However, CNV may occur after PDT. Further studies are necessary to verify treatment safety and modulate the parameters of PDT to reduce complications such as CNV.
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ; Choroid ; Choroidal Neovascularization ; Eye ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Ischemia ; Photochemotherapy ; Porphyrins ; Recurrence ; Retinal Detachment ; Retrospective Studies ; Triazenes ; Visual Acuity ; Bevacizumab

Effective dose of laser photocoagulation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. We retrospectively studied 153 eyes of 106 patients to know correlation between the regression and the amount of retinal ablation, and to know clinical result after panretinal photocoagulation. Regression was observed in 100 eyes (65.4%), stationary status in 39 eyes (25.5%) and progression in 14 eyes (9.2%) in the 6 to 8 weeks following treatment. Stabilization was achieved in 98 eyes (64.1%) in the minimum follow-up of one year. Regression was observed in 78 eyes(79.6%) of low risk PDR versus 22 eyes (40.0%) of high risk PDR, and it was statistically significant (p=0.0001). The mean ablation area was 231.01+/-83.54 mm2. In high risk PDR, ablation area of eyes which were regressed was 279.33+/-111.39 mm2, compared to 220.42+/-91.61 mm2 which were not regressed(p=0.0337). In low risk PDR, there are no correlation between the ablation area and regression. Vision was decreased after photocoagulation 31 eyes(20.3%), and cystoid macular edema(CME) was the main cause of visual loss, however, the CME was not correlated with ablation area. Regression of new vessel was highly correlated with ablation area in high risk PDR.
Diabetic Retinopathy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Light Coagulation* ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies

A study of the knowledge, attitude and practices about the maternal and child health of 305 married women residing in apartments at the Yonsei community Health area was conducted during the period from November to December 1970 using designed questionnaire with well trained interviews. The results and findings obtained from the study are summarized as follows : A. Pregnancy and Birth. Questions were asked about their last child. 1. 16.4% of the women were pregnant. 2. Among 281 women who hand experienced delivery, 48.0% were assisted by doctor or midwives for their last delivery, while the rest of women delivered their last baby at home without any professional's assistance. The higher the level of education or the greater exposure to mass communication, the more the deliveries were assisted by doctors or midwives. Those women who were born and raised in cities had more deliveries assisted by doctors and midwives than those who were not. 3. Kinds of delivery sheets used. Among 141 cases of home delivery 68% used cement bag paper or vinyl sheets. Three% used nothing and remained used unsterile materials. 4. Among 141 cases of home delivery, 70.2% used scissors. The rest of them used other methods. 5. 47.3% of the women had a rest for one month or more after birth. The higher the level of education, the longer the period of rest was observed. 6. 52.4% of the women fed the colostrum to their babies. This was not related to the mother's education. 7. About half(42.9%) of the women had poor knowledge about a proper diet for the pre and post natal period. B. Child Health. 1. Knowledge and practice regarding to the immunization for their children : Most of the women (93.2%) could name at least one kind of immunization. 20.3% could name 6 kinds of immunization. Mothers education level did not influence their ability to name immunizations. 85.2% of children had been immunized at least once. 2. Morbidity of last born children : 48.1% of their last born children were found to have been sick during the last year. Less than half (41.5%) of the sick children were seen by doctor. 3. Counselling at well baby clinic : most of the women (76.5%) had no counselling for their children. Registration rate at the well baby clinic at the Severance Hospital was 13.2%. 45.9% wanted to visit to the well baby clinic at the Severance Hospital. 4. Weaning Period : 44.6% said that the beginning of the weaning for their last born children was from 6 months to twelve months of age. The most important reason of weaning was the health of both mothers and children. 5. Knowledge and Practice regarding birth and death Registration : 64.6% of the women could name correctly the Ku-office as the place for the registration. Only 29.2% registered the birth of their last born children within 14 days. C. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding to family planning Most : of the women accepted the idea of family planning. 97.7% could name at least one contraceptive method. 35.4% were found to be current users of countraceptive methods. The ideal number of children was 3.1 in average.
Child ; Child Health* ; Child* ; Colostrum ; Contraception ; Diet ; Education ; Family Planning Services ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Immunization ; Midwifery ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Weaning