Gas tamponade is sometimes necessary after vitrectomy. Accurate measurement of intraocular pressure(IOP) in gas-filled eye is important, but is hard to get in operating table, because of lack of a good measuring device. Schiotz tonometry is the only possible method, but it usually gives a lower value than real, because gas-filled eye has a greater compressibility. But if the Schiotz tonometry can give a consistant value in relation to the real value, one can assume a true IOP by simply converting the value, and it will help the vitrectomy surgeon. Vitrectomy with or without lensectomy were done in 7 pigmented rabbits, and fluidair exchange were done at the end of the surgery. Intraocular pressure was monitored by an air infusion system, and true IOP was measured by a transducer from the anterior chamber. Schiotz tonometry was done ar each 5mmHg IOP level, and the values were compared. Schiotz tonometry always gave a lower pressure, and the discrepancy seemed to be greater in aphakic eye, and when the heavier plunger weight were used. Conversion equation was suggested, and their reliability was discussed.
Anterior Chamber ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Manometry ; Operating Tables ; Rabbits ; Transducers ; Vitrectomy*

No abstract available.
Behcet Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Behcet Syndrome*

The patient was a 7 months old Korean girl, who was admitted to Department of Ophthalmology of the Seoul National University Hospital, with 6 months history of the left eyelid swelling and exophthalmos. Visual acuity and ocular movement were unaffected. Orbit CT revealed 1.5x.5 cm sized well circumscribed intraconal mass in the left retrobulbar space with pressure erosion of adjacent bone. At surgery, the mass was pinkish gray and firm, and was adherent to adjacent tissue. The whole mass could not be removed, and a local excision was done.

Advanced glycation end-product(AGE)is known as a factor causing diabetic retinopathy, but little is known about its effect on the function of outer blood-retinal barrier. To test whether AGE can increase the permeability of outer blood-retinal barrier, we injected glycated albumin into white rabbit eyes and observed the change of the fundus and of the outer blood-retinal barrier permeability. The rabbit retina in medullary ray was thickened in AGE-injected eyes. Intravenously injected microperoxidase, tracer molecule, was found in outer sensory retinal layer and outside of the retinal pigment epithelium in AGE-injected eyes. These results suggest that intraocularly injected AGE can increase the outer blood-retinal barrier permeability.
Blood-Retinal Barrier* ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Permeability ; Retina ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Retinaldehyde

PURPOSE: To assess the clinical outcomes of cyclosporine treatment for noninfectious uveitis. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records was completed for 182 noninfectious uveitis patients who were treated with cyclosporine between January 2001 and August 2010. Data was obtained relevant to demographic characteristics, anatomic classification, and laterality of uveitis, associated systemic disorder, dosage of cyclosporine and prednisolone, usage of other immunosuppressive drugs, visual acuity (VA), control of uveitic activity, and adverse effects during the cyclosporine use. RESULTS: Uveitic activity was controlled to a level of minimal inflammation in 89.0% and completely in 78.6% of patients by the median duration of 49 and 98 days, respectively. Prednisolone-sparing (dose < or =10 mg) control of inflammation equal to or less than the minimal activity was achieved in 75.3% of patients. VA was aggravated more than 0.2 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution in 17.3% of eyes in spite of cyclosporine treatment for the mean follow-up of 698.4 days. Dose reduction and cessation of cyclosporine was required only in 3.3% and 9.3%, respectively, due to the intolerable toxicity, although 44.0% of patients experienced mild to moderate adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclosporine combined with corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive drugs as needed is an effective treatment for noninfectious uveitis, thus minimizing the adverse effects of corticosteroids and other toxic drugs. However, careful monitoring for the toxicity of cyclosporine is needed, because a small group of patients cannot tolerate its toxicity.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cyclosporine/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prednisolone/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Republic of Korea ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Uveitis/*drug therapy ; Visual Acuity

This experiment was performed to demonstrate that the cell-mediated hypersensitivity plays an important role in the development of the so-called endophthalmitis phaooanaphylactica. Fifteen albino guinea pigs were immunized with sclubte proteins of bovine lens with complete Freund's adjuvant. The immunizations were repeated 4 times at 5 days intervals. 5 days after the last injection, the skin test was performed with soluble lens protein, and liquid paraffin was injected into the peritoneal cavity. 7 days after paraffin injection, the peritoneal exudate cells were harvested, and were allowed to migrate on agar with and without antigen according to Salvin- Niahio method. All of them shows positive skin reaction and significant inhibition of migration under the presence of the antigen.
Agar ; Animals ; Endophthalmitis ; Exudates and Transudates ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Guinea Pigs ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunization ; Mineral Oil ; Paraffin ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Skin ; Skin Tests ; Staphylococcal Protein A*

Necrolytic migratory erythema is a rare, distinctive, necrotizing cutaneous eruption usually associated with glucagonoma, an alpha-cell tumor of the pancreas. Other clinical features include ane- mia, diabetes mellitus and weight loss. However, it also occurrs without the pancreatic glucagonoma. So this rare condition is called pseudoglucagonoma syndrome, and has been described in association with chronic hepatic diseases, malabsorption with villous atrophy, chronic pancreatitis, celiac sprue, hypoproteinemia and odontogenic infection. We report a case of pseudoglucagonoma syndrome induced by malnutrition without glucagonoma. A 28-year-old Korean female was referred to our department complaining of multiple erythematous, desquamative, crusted and erosive patches on the extremities, and diffuse scalp alopecia for 5 years. She also had perianal erosion, angular cheilitis without glossitis, amenorrhea, axillary and pubic hair loss, and weight loss. Six years previously she had had Whipples operation for a pancreatic solid and papillary neoplasm. The laboratory data showed hypoalbuminemia, essential fatty acid deficiency, diabetes mellitus and slightly high levels of zinc and glucagon. A skin biopsy showed irregular acanthosis, epidermal edema and pallor, dyskeratosis, areas of superficial epidermal necrosis and vascular dilatation of the papillary dermis. The patient improved dramatically after intravenous hyperalimentation and oral intake of mediurn chain triglyceride. For 2.5 years she has taken medium-chain triglycerides without any other treatment, and no side effects on recurrence has been observed.
Adult ; Alopecia ; Amenorrhea ; Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Celiac Disease ; Cheilitis ; Dermis ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dilatation ; Edema ; Extremities ; Female ; Glossitis ; Glucagon ; Glucagonoma ; Hair ; Humans ; Hypoalbuminemia ; Hypoproteinemia ; Malnutrition ; Necrolytic Migratory Erythema* ; Necrosis ; Pallor ; Pancreas ; Pancreatitis, Chronic ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total ; Recurrence ; Scalp ; Skin ; Triglycerides* ; Weight Loss ; Zinc

Suprofen eye drop was instilled into one eye of 10 pigmented rabbits and then anterior uveitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin of Shigella flexneri serotype 1A to evaluate the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on endotoxin induced uveitis. The pupillary diameters were measured, and aqueous cell and flare gradings were recorded in 20 eyes of 10 rabbits for one week at an interval of 12 hours for the first 24 hours and then every 24 hours for a week. A difference between the treated and control groups were investigated. All the above parameters showed greatest changes at 12 or 24 hours after injection and became normal by one week. The two groups demonstrated statistically significant difference at 12 hours, day 1 and day 2 as for pupillary diameter, at day 1 and day 2 as for cell and at 12 hours and day 1 as for flare. Thus, it can be concluded that prostaglandins play a role in miosis, in the appearance of inflammatory cells and flare in endotoxin induced uveitis and the topical administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug can alleviate signs of anterior uveitis. Specific relationship between leukotriene B4 and aqueous cell was not demonstrated.
Administration, Topical ; Animals ; Cell Count ; Endotoxins ; Rabbits ; Shigella flexneri ; Suprofen/*therapeutic use ; Uveitis, Anterior/*drug therapy/pathology

We analyzed retrospectively 39 cases of 39 patients who had undergone surgery for penetrating ocular injury involving posterior segment to investigate the effect of pars plana vitrectomy on visual outcome and anatomical success. Patients who received surgery between January, 1990 to October, 1994 were included. The patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy were classified to 'vitrectomy group', and those who had not undergone vitrectomy were classified to 'primary repair group'. There were no significant differences in severity of ocular injury between the two groups. The vitrectomy group had significantly better result in functional success(visual result) and the anatomical success. Success rates of the two groups were compared in the presence of poor prognostic factors, including initial visual acuity worse than hand motion, hyphema more than 50%, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, laceration longer than 7mm, located more than 6mm posterior to the limbus. Vitrectomy group showed better results in the presence of each factor.
Hand ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Lacerations ; Retinal Detachment ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Hemorrhage