Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive and painless assessment and therapeutic technique applied in neurology, which plays an important role in diagnosis, evaluation, detection and treatment of children with brain function disorder. This paper reviewed the basic principle, safety, problems of TMS, and the basic and clinical studies of TMS for the children with brain function disorder.

The incidence trend of different kinds of ocular diseases is different among areas and races.Study on the epidemiology survey of ocular diseases is meaningful for prevention,etiology,diagnosis and treatment of diseases,and also can provide the theoretical basis for the administration to establish preventive policies.This review summarized the results of the epidemiology survey of ocular diseases from different countries in recent years.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Erythrocyte Membrane ; metabolism ; Humans

Objective To investigate the changes and clinical signficance of nitric oxide(NO) and endothelin(ET) in children with lymphoma.Methods NO and ET of 39 cases with lymphoma and 33 normal controls were examined by using nitrose reductase method and RIA method.Results Compered to normal controls,NO and ET were higher in children with lymphoma;smilar to normal controls in complete remission(CR) and partial remission(PR);relapse cases were higher than remission.Conclusions NO and ET could have relation to lymphoma in children,testing the changes of NO and ET have signficanc to the assistant diagnosis,observeing effect and judging prognosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the inhibitory effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-?(PPAR?) agonist on mesangial cell(MC) proliferation and extracellular matrix expression induced by angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ).MethodsThe incorporation of 3H-thymidine(3H-TdR) and cell count were used as the measurement of MC proliferation.MC cell-cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry.Mouse primary MC was treated with various concentration of Ang Ⅱ(1,10,100 nmol/L) in the presence or Absence of N-acytosistin(NAC) or rosiglitazone.Transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1),plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1),and fibronectin(FN) mRNA expression were determined by real time-PCR.Reactive oxygen species(ROS) production was measured by 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate(DCFDA) fluorescence.Results1.One hundred nmol/L Ang Ⅱ increased 3H-TdR incorporation and cell number by 2.14 and 2.32 fold,respectively.Ang Ⅱ-induced MC proliferation was inhibited by PPAR? agonist rosiglitazone with dose-dependent manner in mouse MC.2.One hundred nmol/L Ang Ⅱ stimulation for 24 h induced 48% MC processed to S and G2/M phase.Rosiglitazone significantly blocked Ang Ⅱ increased cell number in S and G2/M phase.3.Rosiglitazone reduced Ang Ⅱ-induced TGF-?1,PAI-1,and FN mRNA expression with dose-dependent manner.4.One hundred nmol/L Ang Ⅱ stimulation for 60 min increased ROS production by 3.85 folds.Rosiglitazone significantly inhibited Ang Ⅱ-induced ROS production.Ten ?mol/L rosiglitazone almost completely blocked Ang Ⅱ-induced ROS production.ConclusionPPAR? agonist rosiglitazone could block Ang Ⅱ-induced MC proliferation and extracellular matrix expression via inhibition of ROS production.

BackgroundThere are a lot of studies about the wound healing charateristics of cornea after SBK with femtosecond laser.In our study,mechanical microkeratome was preferred for corneal flap.We observed the proliferation of keratocytes by investigating the myofibroblast ( MF) activity.Objective The study was to compare the morphologic and histological changes in the cornea after sub-Bowmans keratomileusis ( SBK) with photorefractive keratectomy ( PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis ( LASIK)by investigating the express of transforming growth factor-β( TGF-β)and α-smooth muscle actin( α-SMA)and to investigate the wound healing characteristiCs of cornea after SBK.MethodsTwenty-seven adult New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned into group A,B and C.SBK waa performed on the right eyes of each rabbit in group A,LASIK for group B and PRK for group C.All the left eyes were used as the normal control group.Histological examinations by light microscopy were performed on day 7,1 months,3 months after surgery.The expression of α-SMA and TGF-β and the number of activated MF were assessed by immunohistochemiatry.ResultsIn SBK group,corneal epithelium cells proliferation around the wound was seen and the numbers of active fibroblasts were increased after surgery.The expression of α-SMA or TGF-β around the corneal flap and the corneal 8troma started at day 7 postoperatively and peaked at 1 months and decreaaed around the corneal flap and the corneal 8troma started at day 7 postoperatively and peaked at 1 months and decreaaed t3mnh.TFβep( SBK:t=2.226,2.158,2.330,P＜0.05;PRK:t=4.745,6.524,6.293,P＜O.05).The numbersof activ( SBK:t=2.226,2.158,2.330,P＜O.05;PRK:t=4.745,6.524,6.293,P＜0.05).The numbersof activatedMFs were different fromLASIKstatisticallytoobetweenSBKgroupandPRKgroup ( SBK:t =4.439.5.692,4.175,P＜0.05 ; PRK:t=6.330,6.723,5.267,P＜0.05 ).Theα-SMAand TCF-βexpressionsin SBKgroupwerelessthan PRK group but more thanLASIKgroup( TCF-β:t =4.691,5.527,t =4.399,P＜0.05 ; α-SMA:t =9.637.10.282,8.197,P＜0.05).The numhers of MFs in SBK group was less than PRK group before 3 months and were same at 3 months ( t =5.188,4.529,P＜0.05 ).Conclusions ComparedwithconventionalLASIK,SBKcanup-regulatethe expression of α-SMA.TGF-β,activated MFs in the corneal flap.which enhance corneal biomechanics and promote healing.However,most of the disadvantages caused by wound healing in SBK still remain compared to PRK.

? AlM: To examine choroidal thickness and its relationship with axial length and spherical equivalent by spectral domain optical coherence tomography ( SD -OCT ) in patients with myopic choroidal neovascularization ( mCNV) .
?METHODS: We prospectively recruited 30 cases of mCNV in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from October 2010 to December 2014. SD-OCT was used to measure choroidal thickness subfoveally and at 1. 5mm superiorly, inferiorly, nasally and temporally ( SFCT, SCT1. 5mm , lCT1. 5mm , NCT1. 5mm , TCT1. 5mm ) . Paired t- test was conducted to assess the difference of spherical equivalent, axial length and choroidal thickness between mCNV group and controls. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between spherical equivalent, axial length, choroidal thickness and mCNV.
?RESULTS: The difference of spherical equivalent and axial length between mCNV group and controls was not significant (P>0. 05). lnferior was decreased in mCNV group compared with controls (140. 85±33. 46μm vs 168. 95±45. 36μm). The difference was significant (P=0. 008). Logistic regression demonstrated that decreased choroidal thickness ( lCT1. 5mm ) at inferior location was associated with mCNV (OR=2. 12;95%CI 1. 35~3. 28;P=0. 02).
?CONCLUSlON: The decrease of lCT1. 5MM may be one of the risk factors of mCNV.

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are common chronic diseases which severely threatens human's health and lives.In addition to behavioural and medical approaches,the bariatric surgery is increasingly being valued by medical workers.There are many kinds of surgical method of the bariatric surgery,but by far the most popular ones are Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.The mechanism of the surgery may related to gastrointestinal hormones and fat metabolism,but no final conclusion has yet been reached on this matter.This paper is a literature review on the effect and mechanism of bariatric surgery.

Objective To explore the effects of vitrectomy on neovascular glaucoma combined with vitreous hemorrhage. Methods Seven eyes of 7 patients with neovascular glaucoma combined with vitreous hemorrhage underwent vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification, panretinal photocoagulation, and trabeculectomy. The preoperative visual acuity ranged from light perception to 0.2, and the mean preoperative intraocular pressure was 54 mm Hg (38-64 mm Hg)(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa). The mean follow-up was 8 months (6-15 months). Results The postoperative visual acuity ranged from light perception to 0.4, and the mean postoperative intraocular pressure was 17 mm Hg (10-30 mm Hg) which was significantly lower than preoperative one ( P

Objective To investigate the significance of combined detection of tumor markers in serum and pleural fluid on differential diagnosis of benign and malignant pleural effusion.Methods Three hundred and seventy six cases of pleural effusion were selected.The levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA),neuronspecific enolase(NSE),cancer antigen 125 ( CA125 ),squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) in serum and pleural fluid were examined and they were analyzed combined with histological or cytological evidence using statistical methods.Results There were 298 cases in malignant group and 98 cases in benign group.The levels of the four tumor markers in malignant group were significantly higher than in benign group both in pleural fluid (CEA:[279.9 ± 170.0]μg/L v.s.[ 12.6 ± 6.2 ] μg/L,t =6.29,P ＜ 0.01; NSE:[ 112.3 ± 86.8 ] μg/L v.s.[14.7 ±7.3] μg/L,t =5.13,P ＜0.01 ;SCC:[ 10.6 ± 5.4] μg/L v.s.[ 1.2 ±0.6 ] μg/L,t =2.34,P ＜0.01;CA125:[ 409.2 ± 206.7] U/ml v.s.[ 44.0 ± 20.5 ] U/ml,t =7.46,P ＜ 0.01 ) and in serum ( CEA:[ 86.7 ±42.0] μg/L v.s.[6.2±3.1]μg/L,t=3.14,P＜0.01;NSE:[31.6±18.2]μg/Lv.s.[11.2±5.0]μg/L,t=4.61,P＜0.01;SCC:[3.5±2.2]μg/Lv.s.[1.8±0.g]μg/L,t=1.70,P＜0.01;CA125:[134.0±72.6]U/ml v.s.[ 19.8 ± 9.6 ] U/m1,t =4.04,P ＜ 0.01 ).Moreover,the levels of tumor markers in pleural fluid were higher than in serum.The sensitivity were 100％ by combined detection of pleural fluid and serum tumor markers in parallel and the specificity were 100％ in sequence.Conclusion The levels of CEA,NSE,CA125,SCC in pleural effusion were more sensjtive than which in serum.Combined detection of tumor markers in pleural fluid and serum could improve the sensitivity of diagnosis for benign and malignant pleural effusion.