Congenital Hypothyroidism ; diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance ; complications

We reviewed wide varieties of literatures about pathophysiology of cerebral arteriovenous malformation. With author's experiences on cerebral arteriovenous malformation, we described about clinical presentation, mechanisms of neurologic symptoms, natural history, hemodynamics, and cerebral steal phenomenon.
Arteriovenous Malformations ; Hemodynamics ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations ; Natural History ; Neurologic Manifestations

Objective To compare the osteogenesis effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and investigate the methods of repairing bone defect with PRF.Methods Four defects measuring 7 mm in diameter were made in the parietal bone of 16 New Zealand white rabbits.The defects named A,B,C,and D and were filled with PRF,PRF-mixed Bio-Oss (BO),PRP-mixed BO,and PRP separately.Every four rabbits were sacrificed at postoperative 2,4,8,and 12 weeks and defects were examined grossly,radiographically,and histologically.Besides,bone mineral density and bone trabecular area were determined and expressed as gray-scale values.Results Newly regenerated bone appeared at all defect areas at postoperative 2 weeks.Thereafter,more bone formations were observed over time and area B demonstrated the best bone healing followed by area C,A,and D in succession.Bone trabecular area in areas A,B,C,and D was 10.95 ± 0.58,15.45 ± 0.79,10.22 ± 0.43,and 6.58 ± 0.64 at postoperative 2 weeks with significant differences in pair comparison (F =22.869,P ＜0.01),followed by some increase at postoperative 4 and 8 weeks.Whereas,bone trabecular area in areas A,B,C,and D increased largely at postoperative 12 weeks (35.09 ± 0.58,59.44 ± 0.60,50.75 ± 1.56,and 30.94 ± 1.19) and showed significant difference when compared in a pair (F =1 002.904,P ＜ O.01).Conclusion PRF is superior to PRP in promoting bone formation,but a much better effect of PRF/BO composite is observed in bone repair.

Objective To investigate the value of 99Tcm-Duramycin SPCET/CT in the detection of vulnerable plaque (VP) in atherosclerotic (AS) rabbit models.Methods Sixteen New Zealand male rabbits were randomly divided into three groups:group A (sham-operated group,n =4),group B (stable plaque group,n =4) and group C (VP group,n =8).Group A was fed on normal diet,and the other 2groups were fed on cholesterol diet for 12 weeks.Femoral artery dissection sham-operation was done in group A and group B,while balloon-induced abdominal aorta wall injury was produced in group C after 2 weeks'feeding.Animals were injected with 99Tcm-Duramycin (74 MBq/kg) and then SPECT/CT imaging was performed at the end of 4,8,and 12 weeks,respectively.Abdominal aortas were explanted for ex vivo imaging and histological characterization of plaque.The apoptosis index (AI) was calculated.One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze data.Results There was no radioactive uptake by the abdominal aorta in each group at the end of 4 weeks and no uptake in group A and group B at the end of 8 weeks.There was slightly uptake radioactive uptake by the abdominal aorta in group B at the end of 12 weeks and in group C at the end of 8 weeks.There was intense uptake at the lesions of AS rabbits in group C at the end of 12 weeks,and the T/NT value significantly higher than that of the other two groups (3.40±0.22 vs 2.12±0.65,2.68±0.18,F=198.775,P＜0.05).The result was confirmed in the ex vivo imaging of the explanted aorta.The AI of group C was significantly higher than that of group A and B ((25.4±6.32) ％ vs (0±0.02)％,(5.3± 1.97)％,F=70.260,P＜0.05).Conclusions 99Tcm-Duramycin scimigraphy could identify the apoptosis of VP in the rabbit AS models.It is a promising non-invasive method to diagnose AS plaques.

Polymerase chain reaction was employed to amplify the whole HBV CP region from the serum of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection, and then the PCR products were subcloned into pGEM Teasy vectors. Clones were randomly selected to be sequenced and the selected clones were compared to look for the difference.The sequencing results suggested that each sequence of selected clones was different and there were HBV quasispecies groups in patients. There were hot deletion region and point mutation near the TATA like box of CP gene. To address whether the mutations were responsible for the transcriptional activity, the wild type(wt) and the mutants of HBV CP genes were subcloned into pcDNA3 1( ) vectors, respectively. The reverse oriented clones were digested with KpnI and XhoI, and cloned into the KpnI and XhoI sites of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) expressing vector (pCAT3 basic).The recombinant CAT plasmids were transfected into HepG2 cells using lipofectamine PLUS reagent, and the CAT expression which indirectly represented the transcriptional activity of HBV CP lying upstream of CAT gene was detected with a CAT ELISA kit. The restriction enzyme digesting results indicated that the recombinant CAT plasmids were successfully constructed, and the transfection tests indicated that the transcriptional activity of the mutants with deletion or substitute point mutation of TATA like box were reduced in comparison with that of CPwt. The HBV CP gene heterogeneity downregulated the transcriptional activity to some extent.

Objective To investigate the potential of 99Tcm-Durarnycin and 99Tcm-RGD in detecting vulnerable plaque in rabbit models.Methods Fifteen healthy New Zealand male rabbits were randomly divided into group A (control group,n =5),group B (stable plaque group,n =5) and group C (vulnerable plaque group,n =5).Animals were injected with 99Tcm-Duramycin and 99Tcm-RGD at the end of 4,8 and 12 weeks.SPECT/CT scanning was performed at 0.5 h post injection.One rabbit was sacrificed at the end of 4 weeks and one at the end of 8 weeks after imaging.The others were sacrificed at the end of 12 weeks after imaging studies.All aortas were collected.Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was performed at the end of 8,12 weeks before SPECT/CT scanning.The data was analyzed with paired t test.Results In group A,the aortas had little uptake of the two probes.In group B,the aortas showed obvious radioactive uptake of 99Tcm-Duramycin and 99Tcm-RGD at the end of 8 weeks and 12 weeks,while 99Tcm-Durarnycin gave better display than 99Tcm-RGD.In group C,99Tcm-Duramycin uptake was higher than 99Tcm-RGD uptake in the aorta.The T/NT ratios of 99Tcm-Duramycin and 99Tcm-RGD in group C were 2.14±0.34 and 1.46±0.34 (t=4.072,P＜0.05) at the end of 4 weeks,2.93±0.41 and 1.66±0.22 (t=5.578,P＜0.05) at the end of 8 weeks,3.25±0.29 and 1.81±0.28 (t=19.692,P＜0.05) at the end of 12 weeks.In isolated specimen of group C,the yellow lipid plaque of the intima bulged on the lumen at the end of 12 weeks.IVUS indicated that,at the end of 8 weeks and 12 weeks,the endometrial thickness of group C was (450±104) mm and (767±52) mm (t=44.024,P ＜ 0.05) respectively,and the rates of luminal stenosis were (29.30± 2.81) ％ and (37.98 ±6.41)％ (t =9.226,P＜0.05).Conclusions Both 99Tcm-Duramycin and 99Tcm-RGD may be used to detect vulnerable plaque at early time.99Tcm-Duramycin may detect vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque earlier than 99Tcm-RGD and provide better diagnostic image.

A method for measuring 13C isotopic abundance of intracellular metabolites of Saccharopolysporaerythraea by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was established.First, the chromatographic conditions of UPLC were optimized, and then the MS conditions such as unique tube lens voltage, collision energy, and ion pair were optimized.On the bases of length of the parent and daughter ions carbon chains and whether the daughter ions contain 13C atoms, the one-to-one method, one-to-many method and SIM method were established for measuring 13C isotopic abundance.Then these methods were used to measure naturally labeled intracellular metabolite standards and 13C labeled samples, and according to the gap between the experimental value and the theoretical value, the best method was established for each metabolite of different characteristics.The results showed that one-to-one method was most effective for measuring the metabolites of daughter ions not containing 13C atoms represented by sugar phosphates, one-to-many method was the best for measuring the metabolites of both parent and daughter ions containing 13C short carbon chains represented by carboxylic acids, SIM method could play a role in measuring the metabolites of both parent and daughter ions containing 13C long carbon chains represented by coenzyme A.This method had a good measurement precision and could be applied to the measurement of Saccharopolysporaerythraea intracellular metabolites, which contributed to the consequent study of metabolic mechanism and the efficient expression of erythromycin.

Objective To explore the mechanism of icariin mediating migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in rat bone marrow. Methods MSC proliferation was detected by CCK-8 test. Cell apoptosis was examined with Hoechst33342 staining after the establishment of cellular oxygen and glucose deprivation model. The protein expressions of CXCR4, the receptor of SDF-1, in the surface of MSC after stimulated by icariin were detected through Western blot. The migration of MSC was observed by Transwell chemotaxis assay. Results 0.01μmol/L, 0.1μmol/L and 1μmol/L of icariin could significantly promote the proliferation of MSC, while 10μmol/L of icariin inhibited the proliferation of MSC. After treatment of oxygen and glucose deprivation in vitro, 0.1μmol/L and 1μmol/L of icariin could inhibit the apoptosis of MSC. Icariin could not only improve the expression of CXCR4 in MSC, but also increase the number of transmembrane migrated MSC. After the addition of CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100, there was no significant difference in the number of cell migration among the different groups. Conclusion Icariin with appropriate concentration can promote the proliferation, survival and migration of MSC. SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of MSC migration by icariin.

Teratogenic effects of carbamazepine, an anticonvulsant, on the neurulation of the explanted early chick embryos were studied utilizing the punched-out filter paper explantation and culture technique. Fresh fertilized white leghorn hen eggs were incubated for 20-30 hours in an egg incubator. The Hamburger and Hamilton stage 4-11 chick embryos were explanted using the punched-out filter paper explantation technique and cultured in the CO2 cell culture incubator for 6-10 hours. They were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group was divided into five subgroups according to the carbamazepine concentrations of 20micrometer 40micrometer 100micrometer 200micrometer 400micrometer with which the Ham's F-10 culture media were treated. The morphological characteristics and the incidences of teratogenic effects on the neurulation of early chick embryos in the control and experimental groups were compared with each other using the stereomicroscope and the electron microscope. The chick embryos of the same developmental stage were selected from the control and experimental groups, and immunohistochemical staining for fibronectin was done by the double-bridge PAP method. The results were as follows. 1) Of the 41 chick embryos cultured in the Ham's F-10 media without carbamazepine, 38 embryos(92.7%) developed normally, and 3 embryos(7.3%) developed abnormally. In contrast, among the 98 embryos cultured in the carbamazepine-treated media, 54 embryos(55.1%) developed abnormally. The frequent anomalous features were deformities of the neural folds, failure of neural tube closure, derangement of somites, and developmental arrest. 2) The frequency and severity of abnormal embryos increased in dose-dependent fashion. The embryos cultured in the media treated each with 20micrometer 40micrometer 100micrometer 200micrometer 400micrometer of carbamazepine developed abnormally in 12.5%, 21.1%, 60.0%, 81.0%, 86.4% respectively. 3) The scanning electron microscopic findings in neuroepithelial cells of abnormally developed embryos were flattened and smooth cellular surface with diminished surface blebs and microvilli, and size irregularity of the cells. On transmission electron microscope, underdevelopment of intracellular microfilaments was seen, but there was no significant change in the intracellular organelle. 4) The immunohistochemical stainability of the extracellular fibronectin at the basal side of the neuroepithelium was decreased in the carbamazepine-treated embryos.
Actin Cytoskeleton ; Animals ; Blister ; Carbamazepine ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Chick Embryo* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Culture Media ; Culture Techniques ; Eggs ; Embryonic Structures ; Fibronectins* ; Incidence ; Incubators ; Microvilli ; Neural Crest ; Neural Tube ; Neuroepithelial Cells ; Neurulation* ; Organelles ; Ovum ; Somites

For better understanding and management of intracranial arteriovenous malformation(AVM), a retrospective clinical study was performed on 87 patients with intracranial AVM during the period from February 1980 to August 1986. The 54 patients managed conservatively and the 33 patients treated surgically were followed for an average of 13.7 months. Followings are the results : 1) The age range of presentation of intracranial AVM was 10 months to 52 years, with peak incidence from second to third decade. 2) The presenting symptoms were hemorrhage (51.7%), seizure (31%), and headache (6.9%) in order of frequency. In hemorrhage, intracerebral hematoma was most frequent and in seizure, generalized seizure was most frequent. 3) The location of intracranial AVM was hemispheric (71.3%), deep seated (17.2%), posterior fossa (8%), and dural location (3.5%) in order of frequency. 4) Concomitant aneurysm was found in 5 cases (5.7%). 5) In small intracranial AVM, 85% was presented with hemorrhage, and in large intracranial AVM, 59% with seizure. 6) The clinical outcome according to age was not different statistically between children and adults. 7) The incidence of rebleeding was 20% (9 of 45), and the mortality due to rebleeding was 22.2% (2of 9). 8) The clinical outcome for patients presenting with hemorrhage is worse than that for patients presenting with seizure. 9) The clinical outcome for patients managed surgical was more favorable than that for patients managed conservatively.
Adult ; Aneurysm ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Child ; Headache ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures