Objective To study the reaction mechanism of ginsenosides in red ginseng processing. Methods The major constituents of ginsenosides were assigned by HPLC/MS/MS data. Ginsenosides (including protopanaxadiol, protopanaxatriol, and oleanolic acid type) of white ginseng and red ginseng were compared by HPLC/MS data. Results Ginsenosides were produced from esterolysis of corresponding malonyl ginsenosides in red ginseng processing. Another reaction of malonyl ginsenosides in red ginseng processing was decarboxylated to produce corresponding acetyl ginsenosides. Hydrolysis of glycosidic bond at C_(20) and isomerous reaction of C_(20) were the main reaction of dammarane type ginsenoside. High degree of esterolysis and glycosidic bond hydrolysis of oleanolic acid type ginsenosides all occurred during the red ginseng processing. Conclusion Great changes of ginsenosides have been obviously found in processing ginseng to red ginseng. Special constituents of red ginseng could be produced in ginseng processing.

This paper reviews recent development and applications of high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) in the separations on the analytical scale,the semi-preparative and preparative scale of natural products,antibiotics,proteins,inorganic compounds etc.Several series of two-phase solvent systems to facilitate the systematic search suitable for HSCCC are introduced.And the new countercurrent chromatography (CCC)technologies such as HSCCC coupled with MS,pH-zone-refining countercurrent chromatography,and ion-pairing Countercurrent Chromatography are explained and prospected in term of applications.

Objective To study the molecular mechanism of acute myocardial infarction(AMI),searching for protective genes and injury-related ones,aimed to fight myocardial infarction disease.Methods Rat model of AMI was established with left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation.Gene chip was used to verify the mechanism of AMI at molecular level.Results The author screened out 190 differential expression genes between AMI rat myocardium and sham operated rat myocardium in the gene expression profile study;In the Model/Sham operation gene expression profile,there were 89 genes depressed expression and 101 genes elevated expression.Most of them involve in the 12 known categories,and relate to the metoblolism,signal and trandport pathways.Conclusion The major possible mechanism of AMI is to regulate the local expression of related gene through a multi-pathway.

AIM: To optimize the excipient formulation of lactose,HPMC_(SH4000) and Carbopol 71 G in breviscapin sustained release tablets by mixture uniform design. METHODS: Different formulations,single factor f_2 and multifactors of cumulative release as index,were evaluated respectively. RESULTS: The optical formulations obtained by the two methods were identical,and the tablets with optical formulation had ideal sustained release. CONCLUSION: Mixture uniform design is simple,direct and uniform.It can be used in optimization of formulation with invariable amount.

AIM:To establish the fingerprint analysis method of Yaotongning Capsule by HPLC-DAD.METHODS:This experiment used homogeneous design to optimize extract method.the analysis was performed on an Agilent C_ 18(4.6 mm?250 mm,5 ?m.)column with a acetonitrile-0.2 acetic acid,0.2% triethylamine.Detection time was 60 min.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the wavelength was at 254 nm.Effect of solvents time and method of extract on experiment was studied,then calculated fingerprint similarities to evaluate,the samples' stability.RESULTS:15 peaks including strychnine,brucine,glycyrrhizic acid,ecdy sterone and ephephedrine,were separated on HPLC fingerprint in Yaotongning Capsule.CONCLUSION:The method is reliable,accurate and can be used as a quality control for Yaotongning Capsule.

Objective: To introduce a new way, which facilitates the systematic search and evaluation of the solvent systems suitable for high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). Methods: The software integrated with the thermodynamics solution functions and theory is directive to calculate the composition, physical parameters, such as volume, viscosity, dielectric constants, and polarity parameters of the upper and lower phases. Results: Separation of Guizhi-decoction Fr. A by HSCCC, one of traditional Chinese medcines, is conducted to prove the applicability of this software in selection and optimization of solvent systems. Conclusion: This software can be used to select and optimize the solvent systems of HSCCC. It is supposed to extend this method.

Major breakthrough and challenge that encountered by modern western medicine were described in this article. Some standpoints about the necessity of innovative revolution for the development of traditional Chinese medicine, together with the key points should be bring to the attention during ideological emancipation have been put forward here. Chinese scientists agreed that it is the most appropriate timing for us to establish a new medicine system, which we named Holistic Systems Medicine (HSM). The concept and research contents of Holistic Systems Medicine were also introduced in this article. Finally, a proposal for setting up“China Holistic Systems Medicine development project” was proposed.

Objective To study the preparation and stability of paclitaxel self-microemulsifying drug delivery system ( PTX-SMEDDS) . Methods The formulation of the PTX-SMEDDS was optimized by monitoring the appearance, particle size, concentration, relative substance, and bacterial endotoxin. Influence of different pH and different dosage of activated carbon on PTX-SMEDDS was investigated. Subsequently it was subjected to stability studies. Results The PTX-SMEDDS was a translucent diluted-yellow solution with a mean diameter of 19. 6 nm. High speed centrifugal test indicated PTX-SMEDDS was stable. The result of the influential factor tests showed PTX-SMEDDS was unstable to high temperature and light. In the accelerated tests for 6 months, the quality of PTX-SMEDDS was stable. The samples should be sealed and stored at low temperature and shady place. Conclusion Easily prepared and stable formulation of PTX-SMEDDS is achieved, and further investigation is warranted to develop self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for injection.

Objective To improve survival rate of hair follicle after hair-bearing scalp minigrafting and to investigate the role of microsurgery in this procedure. Methods From 1990 to 2003, 156 cases suffered from male pattern baldness (MPB) and cicatrical baldness (CB) received hair-bearing scalp minigrafting. Moreover microsurgical technique was applied to this procedure. Among of them, the largest alopecia zone was about 12.5 cm ?15 cm. Results Survival rate of transplanted hair follicles was 95% (MPB) and 89% (CB) respectively. Baldness never occured in the former alopecia zone. Survival rate of transplanted hair follicles in CB was significantly higher than that of the former reports. There were 2 cases with abnormal figure of hair margin and 4 cases with unsatisfactory hair direction in hair grafted zone. Hematoma occurred in 2 patients who had no negative effects on hair follicle after hematoma were cleaned. The other cases all obtained satisfactory postoperative appearance. Conclusions Hair-bearing scalp minigrafting, combined with microsurgery technique, can improve survival rate of hair follicle after hair transplantation. Preoperative design, choice of indication and anesthesia, etc. are very important, too.

The origin of precision medicine was discussed in this article,as well as its advantages and deficiencies at this stage.Tangshen formula was taken as an example to explain a rational and ideal mode of traditional Chinese medical (TCM) precision medicine research under the guidance of TCM theory.In view of the two major problems existing in the TCM modernization research,including the separated strategy among formula-disease-syndrome and independent research approach using genomics,proteomics and metabonomics,critical scientific issues on developing the drug system to biological system research mode and solutions for integrating formula-disease-syndrome were proposed here,and the roadmap and total framework of top design were also provided.The specific methods and the corresponding research results on Tangshen formula at the three stages concluded as formula-disease related,disease-syndrome combinated and formula-disease-syndrome integrated were introduced and summarized.At this time for the innovative breakthrough development of TCM,precision medicine will promote the TCM modernization research,and also will provide a powerful driving force for the establishment of holistic systems medicine.