From the Government’s fully guarantee stage to the stage of independent organization of medicine, then to the market-oriented reforms and the new health care reform exploration stages, the public hospitals reform fol-lows different institutional logics, but the institutional dilemma have emerged at all stages including the little coupling between the institutional arrangements and environment, the public welfare and benefit wandering, the management system instability, and the breakdown of the financial investment and control costs mechanisms. The Government should elaborate conditions for the spontaneous public hospitals reform on the institutional environment in order to em-bed intrinsic motivation of the induced institutional change into the imposed institutional change. There should be positive interaction between the government and the market in order to form a reasonable and orderly competitive land-scape to the market of medical services. Payment should be reformed which has significant influence on internal medi-cal service system incentives.

This article reports the results of the quantitative analysis for the DNA content of cell nucleus of the skin lesion in patients with endemic arsenism by using the technique of flow cytometry, the skin lesions include palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, abnormal pigmentation on trunk and skin cancers. Our results showed that the DNA indices of the different skin lesions of patients in endemic arsenism were significantly higher than those of controls(P

Objective To explore the clinical application of reconstructing silicone elastomer nose prosthesis by means of selected laser sintering and wax powder PCPI. Methods Laser scanning was used to get the 3-D data of a nose model. Surfacere 10.0 etc softwares was used to reconstruct the nose by mirroring the digitalized model of absent nose. Selective laser sintering and wax powder was chosen to fabricate a wax nose model and the nose prosthesis made by silicone clastomer. Results Perfect silicone clastomer nose prosthesis was made for 2 patients. Conclusion This study suggests that the wax nose model and the new wax powder can meet the requirement of clinical expectation for maxillofacial prosthesis.

0.1%EDTA≈5% HP ? CD≈1%lecithin. Conclusion: The three methods have good correlation.

Objective: To study the preparation technique and release characteristic of 5- fluorouracil-loaded chitosan microspheres for the intranasal administration. Methods:Using the liquid paraffin as the oil phase,and span-80 as the emuifier; 5- fluorouracil-loaded chitosan microspheres were achieved by emulsion-chemical crosslink technique. The orthogonal experimental design was applied to optimize the preparation procedure. Dynamic dialysis method was used to determine the releasing characteristic of microspheres in vitro and it influencing fators.Swelling behavior was expressed by swelling ratio.The degree of mucoadhesion was investigated by determining the mucociliary transport rate(MTR) of the microparticle across a frog palate. Results: Microspheres with a good shape and narrow size distribution were prepared. The average diameter was (43?4) ?m. The drug loading was 38.5%? 1.0%. The entrapment efficiency was 79.0%?1.8%.The drug release profile in vitro could be described by Higuichi eqution Q=0.1035t 1/2 +0.0284 (r=0.9965). Chitosan had good mucoadhesive property and caused a siginificant reduction in MTR(P

Objective To study the protective effects of nitroxides against hu man keratinocytes oxidative damage induced by H2O2 and its possible mechanisms. Methods Normal human keratinocyte cultures obtained from foreskin were served as test-system. Human keratinocytes were cultured in human keratinocytes growth m edia (KGM) without serum and supplemented with 0.1 mmol/L Ca2+. Experiments wer e performed in culture when the cells grew to fuse. Oxidative damage was induced by adding H2O2 directly to the culture media at different concentrations in the present and absence of nitroxides [(2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMPO) a nd 4-hydroxy-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMPOL)]. The cell viability w as monitored and the intracellular level of reduced glutathione (GSH), the activ ities of glutathione-peroxidase(GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catal ase were evaluated. Results ①H2O2 could cause damage to human keratinocytes dir ectly. There was a significantly negative correlation between H2O2 concentration and cell viability. ②The level of GSH in keratinocytes lowered with treatment of H2O2. The activities of GSH-Px, SOD and catalase decreased. ③Pretreatment o f the cells with TEMPO and TEMPOL inhibited the damaging effects of H2O2 on cell viability and on cell antioxidant enzymatic systems. Conclusion The results of the study suggest that nitroxides may provide protection for cultured human kera tinocytes against H2O2-induced oxidative injury. It is proposed that the effec ts of nitroxides against cell oxidative damage be related to their protection of cellular enzymatic activities and maintaining cellular antioxidant systems.

BACKGROUND:Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to multiple sclerosis (MS) is a new developed treatment to be given more and more attention.However,whether the MSCs function by cell replacement after going cross the blood-brain barricr or immune suppression needs further confirmation.OBJECTIVE:To establish a steady and effective method of Y chromosome in situ hybridization (ISH) and to detect the distribution of MSCs in a mouse model with MS.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The observational study was performed at the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology,Institute of Healthy Science from September 2007 to February 2009.MATERIALS:A total of 30 C57BL/6 mice,aged 6-8 weeks and weighing 15-20 g,were selected.Female mice were used to establish experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).METHODS:Y chromosme specific DNA probe labled with digoxine (DIG) was designed and ISH was performed to confirm that the designed probe was Y chromosome specific and biologically sensitive.We transplanted the MSCs from male mice into the female EAE mice,and tracked the MSCs by Y chromosome ISH.MAIN OUTCOME MEASRUES:Distribution of MSCs in mice with EAE was observed under the optical and fluorescence microscope.RESULTS:The probe was confirmed to be Y chromosome specific and biologically sensitive.What's more,a steady and effective method of ISH was established.Some MSCs were detected in the periphery organs-spleen and lymph node of mice with EAE;seldom in spinal cord which indicated that MSCs might play its roles by immune suppression.CONCLUSION:Some MSCs were detected in the periphery organs-spleen and lymph node of mice with EAE,but seldom in spinal cord in the central nervous system.

Obtective The correlation between estrus cycle and the pathological changes of liver and lung in LPS-treated mice and the possible mechanisms were investigted.Methods The pathological lesion in liver and lung、 the content of E_2、P in plasma and the content of TNF-?、EGF in plasma and ovarian supernate were examined in various times after challenge with 12.5 mg/kg LPS in estrus、metestrus and diestrus respectively and the correlation among them was assessed.Results The plasma E_2 and p levels were the lowest in diestrus.When LPS was injected in diestrus,compared with control group,the levels of P and E_2 in plasma were decreased remarkely after ip LPS 10 h(P

Objective To compare the difference of training field of nurse specialist between America and China, and offer proposals to the development of Chinese nurse specialist. Methods Network information resources and citespace were used to conclude and compare training field of nurse specialist. Results The nurse specialist training in America has a mature system meanwhile it is not yet mature in China. Conclusions Reference to the mature development experience of America, combining the actual situation of China, suitable strategy should be developed for the Chinese nurse specialist training.