Three hundred ten bacterias isolated in significant numbers from the 276 specimens of urine during the period January 1, 1974 through December 31. 1974, were evaluated and the following results were obtained. 1. Of a total of 310 bacterial strains isolated by culture of the urine, 72.9% gram-negative and 27.1% were gram-positive. Isolated organisms include E. coli(28.1%), Klebsiella(16.1%), Streptococcus (13.1%), Staphylococcus (11.2%). Postcolon bacilli (8.1%), Enteaococcus and Pseudomonas (2.3%. each other) in order of frequency. 2. In 34 cases of acute and chronic pyelonephritis, 31 were female and only 3 were male patients. Most frequent causative organism in pyelonephritis was E. coli (61.9%) Klebsiella infection was the second most common infection in urinary tract infection (16.1%). 3. The gram-negative bacilli were relatively susceptible to Gentamicin in a range of 52.2 to 88.5% and to Kanamycin (14.3~82.7%). Penicillin G, Tetracycline and Ampicillin had nearly no effectiveness to gram-negative bacilli in this experiment.
Ampicillin ; Bacteria ; Female ; Gentamicins ; Humans ; Kanamycin ; Klebsiella Infections ; Male ; Penicillin G ; Pseudomonas ; Pyelonephritis ; Staphylococcus ; Streptococcus ; Tetracycline ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

PURPOSE: We evaluated if VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)-immunoreactivity is associated with tumor stage or grade in RCC (renal cell carcinoma), and specifically, if it could serve as a prognostic i ndicator in terms of survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Histologic samples of 54 patients in whom radical nephrectomy due to RCC (clear cell type exclusively) from January 1995 to July 1999 were included in this study. VEGF-immunoreactivity was classified as 0 to 3+ according to the ratio of VEGF-positive cells in randomly selected multiple tumor areas. Histologic differentiation was classified according to Fuhrmann's classification and staging was made with TNM classification. RESULTS: The correlation between grade and VEGF-positivity was statistically significant using chi-square analysis. Among the 3 patients with grade I, showed 2, 1, 0 for VEGF 1+, 2+, 3+ respectively. In grade II the cases were 11, 7, 3 respectively. In grade III the cases were 3, 10, 11, and in grade IV the cases were 1, 2, 3 respectively. The correlation between stage and VEGF-positivity didn't show statistical significance. The survival rate for VEGF during the period was 100%, 90%, 76.5% for VEGF 1+, 2+, 3+ respectively. The survival rate for grade was 100%, 100%, 83.3%, 66.7% for grade I, II, III, IV respectively. The survival rate for stage was 95.2%, 85.7%, 87.5%, 66.7% FOR STAGE I, II, III, IV respectively. In the same grade, survival rate decreased apparently according to the increase of VEGF-positivity. For example, in the same grade III, the survival rae was 100%, 90%, 72.7% for VEGF 1+, 2+, 3+ respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study is that VEGF is correlated with tumor grade and the higher VEGF expression, the lower the survival rate, so we can predict the prognosis by VEGF immunohistochemical staining for supplement of grading system. VEGF alone can be a good predictor for survival, and importantly in the same grade, we can differentiate patient's prognosis with VEGF.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Classification ; Humans ; Nephrectomy ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

No abstract available.
Prostate*

No abstract available.
Follow-Up Studies* ; Laser Therapy* ; Prostate*

Prognosis of prostatic carcinoma can be cheefly influenced not by method of treatment, but histological differentiation and tumor stage. We reviewed histologic grade and survival of prostatic carcinoma retrospectively using the Gleason grade system based on gland differentiation and relation between gland and stroma in 25 patients from Jan, 1980 to Jan, 1987, Whom we had follow-up data about. The following results were obtained. 1. The average age of patients was 69 years with a range of 56 to 84 years. 2. We identified 1 patients as grade 2, 4 patients as grade 3, 9 patients as grade 4, 11 patients as grade 5 of total 25 patients. In 2 year survival, there were 100% for low combined Gleason(2-4), 90% for intermediate group(5-7), 80% for high grade. 3. There was close relationship between tumor grade and stage such that high grade is high stage, low grade is in low stage. 4. There were high mortality index(0.102) in high grade group, low mortality index(0.039 %) in low grade group in prostatic index combined Gleason grade with clinical tumor staging.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mortality ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis* ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Retrospective Studies

It is well known that many cases of renal cell carcinoma accompanies gross or microscopic hematuria. It implies that much of renal cell carcinoma may also have pelvic or medullary invasion. But unlike other well known prognostic factors such as renal vessel or regional invasion, the prognostic significance of pelvic or medullary invasion in renal cell carcinoma has not been known well. We reviewed retrospectively 73 patients treated with radical nephrectomy in whom 18 patients has pathologically confirmed pelvic or medullary invasion. The mean follow-up duration was about 23 months. The average size of tumor in non-pelvic invasive group (NPIG) was 6.6 cm and in pelvic invasive group (PIG) it was 5.4 cm. In NPIG, 91% (67 patients) of tumor was Grade II and III and in PIG 100% of tumor was Grade II and III. 89% of NPIG tumor was stage pT3aN0M0 or below. And 88% of PIG was pT3aN0M0 or below. At 12 NPIG patients (16%) tumor has recurred and its mean duration was about 6.6 months. In PIG, 5 patients had recurrent tumor (27%) and its duration was about 7.6 months. Nine patients (12.3%) died due to renal cell carcinoma in NPIG. In PIG 3 patients (16%) died of renal cell carcinoma. The study revealed that there is no significant difference between pelvic or medullary invasive and non-pelvic invasive renal cell carcinoma in tumor grade and stage. But in pelvic invasive renal cell carcinoma, relatively more tumor recurrence had occurred (p>0.05) and also relatively more patients died due to tumor. We think that for more proper clarification of prognostic significance of pelvic or medullary invasion in renal cell carcinoma, more long term follow-up and stage by stage study will be needed.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Nephrectomy ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

A medullary fibroma is the most common tumor found in the renal medulla and is seen incidentally in necropsy, but the usual small size and benignancy make clinical detection extremely rare. We report two cases of unusual renal medullary fibroma, incidentally discovered and accompanied by gross hematuria respectively in both sex. Radical nephrectomy and radical ureteronephrectomy with bladder cuff excision were performed because suspected to be malignant renal and renal pelvis tumor in X-ray and clinically. Histological examination revealed renal medullary fibroma. The diagnostic limitation and therapeutic dilemma associated with this condition are discussed.
Fibroma* ; Hematuria ; Kidney Pelvis ; Nephrectomy ; Urinary Bladder

No abstract available.
Mycobacterium bovis* ; Recurrence* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

DNA ploidy analysis by flow cytometry is a well established method to characterize urinary tract tumors in the diagnosis, monitoring of treatment efficacy, and predicting progression and recurrences. We analyzed a total of 34 paraffin embedded specimens from 26 upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma patients who were operated upon between 1984 and 1991. 1. DNA diploid histogram patterns were detected in 14 patients (54%) and the remaining 12 (46%) showed aneuploid patterns. 2. DNA diploid tumors tend to be associated with superficial tumors (9/11) and the aneuploidy with invasive tumors (10/15). 3. DNA ploidy and histological grade were closely associated; Aneuploidy was identified more frequently in higher grades (8/11) than in lower grades (4/15). In conclusion, our data indicate that DNA ploidy, grade and stage are closely associated with each other in upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma. The DNA ploidy analysis of the upper tract transitional cell carcinoma may be utilized as an additional prognostic factor.
Aneuploidy ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Diagnosis ; Diploidy ; DNA* ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Paraffin ; Ploidies* ; Recurrence ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Tract