An 89-Year-old female patient had had a pea-sized encrusted ulcer on the vermillion border of her right upper lip for 4 years. Histopathological features of the biopsy specimen consisted of tumor islands with peripheral, palisading basaloid cells, some of which had become transformed into atypical, dyskeratotic squamous cells with ample eosinophilic cytoplasm in their centers. Total excision was advised.
Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Basosquamous* ; Cytoplasm ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Humans ; Islands ; Lip ; Ulcer

Epilepsy surgery in Korea began as early as in the 1940s and continued to develop through the second half of the 20th century. Introduction of neuroimaging modalities, establishment of epilepsy monitoring units and the epilepsy team approach contributed to the rapid development. �or about 300�- 400 operations carried out yearly��, t�here i��s at �prese�nt suffi���cien�t n�umb ��er of ep�ileps� y surg�ery cen�ters�� an�d q�ualifi��ed neurosurgeons in Korea. However, Korean neurosurgeons should adapt themselves to changing recent trends. Etiologies of epilepsy have dramatically changed from head trauma and infectious diseases to tumors and developmental abnormalities. Although traditional resective surgery still constitutes the main bulk of the operations, new therapeutic procedures based on neuro�modulation are emerging as alternative treatments. There should also be participation in basic science research which would leads to future innovations in treatment of epilepsy.

We describe a 23-year-old man showing typically clinical and histological features of targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma. About 35 cases of this newly-described entity have been reported since the first description by Santa Cruz and Aronherg in 1988. It is important to distinguish these tumors from patch stage Kaposi's sarcoma, retiform hemangioendothelioma and progressive lymphangioma.
Hemangioendothelioma ; Hemangioma* ; Humans ; Lymphangioma ; Sarcoma, Kaposi ; Young Adult

In order to define the hospital course and the best surgical timing for the poor grade subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) patients, 131 patients(from 1989 to 1991) whose clinical grade on admission were Hunt and Hess grade III to V were analyzed. Their admission grades was III(90 patients), IV(30 patients), and V(11 patients). Patients were grouped into the early surgery group(within 3 days of the last hemorrhage), the intermediate group(4 to 14 days), the late surgery group(14 days after the last hemorrhage), and non-surgical group. Early surgery was performed on 17 patients, intermediate on 31 patients, and late on 54 paients. Twenty-nine patients did not undergo surgery. This non-surgical group had a high mortality rate(72.4%). During the waiting period for a delayed surgery(later than 3 days), 21% improved their clinical state, 53.5% were stationary and 25.5% became worse. Morbidity and mortality were compated among these three surgical groups and the non-surgical group, with sratistical analysis using chi square test and Fisher's exact test. No statistical differences were noted between the management groups in terms of associated disease, location of aneurysms, Fisher's grade, occurrence of hydrocephalus or symptomatic vasospasm. The mortality rate was significantly lower in the combined surgical groups than in the non-surgical group(p<0.05). Mortality was related to the timing of surgery. It was higher after early surgery than in the other two gorups, but it was not different between the intermediate and late surgery groups. Morbidity was not different among the three surgery groups. The major cause of morbidity and mortality in the early surgery group was brain swelling, while rebleeding, hydrocephalus, and vasospasm, were the main causes in the intermediate and delayed surgery groups. It is concluded that it is not recommended that early surgery must be done in all the poor grade SAH patients. However three days after the last hemorrhage, it is better to perform surgery as soon as possible, because there were no statistically significant differences between the intermediate group and the late surgery groups in the mortality and the morbidity rates.
Aneurysm ; Brain Edema ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Mortality ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage*

Authors experienced 36 cases of middle cerebral artery aneurysms in 35 patients. Among 36 cases, M1 aneurysms were 4 cases, M1 bi-or trifurcation aneurysms 30 cases, and distal aneurysms 2 cases. The majority of M1 bi-or trifurcation aneurysms were operated upon by the superior temporal gyrus approach. Trans-sylvian approach was used only in M1 aneurysms, in cases of short M1, in associated anterior circulation aneurysms, and in second operation to the unruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms. Our results were encouraging. Mortality was 5.6%, and morbidity was also 5.6%.
Aneurysm ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Mortality

Lichen aureus is a rare disorder classified as a pigmented purpuric dermatosis. This case report is of a 46-year-old female in whom a coin sized, gold tinted, erythematous maculopapule developed on the right lower quadrant of the abdomen l0 years ago which showed characteristic histological findings of lichen aureus consisting of lymphohistiocytic infiltration in the upper dermis and extravasation of red blood cells.
Abdomen ; Dermis ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Humans ; Lichens* ; Middle Aged ; Numismatics ; Skin Diseases

Hypereosinophilic syndrome is characterized by marked eosinohia and eosinopbilic infiltrition of various organ-systems without any identifiable underlyin sathologic conditions such as hypersensitivity, drug eruption, parasitic infestat,ion, malignant tuinc, and autoimrnune and infectious d iseases. A 31 year-old male had weight loss, abnormal peripheral cirrultiction both extremities and two distinct skin lesions. One showed rice sized, erythematous follicular popules on both extremit.ies and trunk and the other showed a walnut sized, gangrenous ulcer on the left 2nd finger tip. The patients skin lesions and circulation defect. improved after retrnent with steroid and the blood eosinophilia returned to normal.
Adult ; Blood Circulation* ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; Eosinophilia ; Extremities* ; Fingers ; Humans ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome* ; Juglans ; Male ; Skin ; Ulcer ; Weight Loss

Authors reviewed the relationship between the cerebral vasospasm in the cerebral angiograms and CT findings in the 41 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to intracranial aneurysmal rupture during the period from July 1982 to February 1984. This study was based upon the CT scans performed within the first 5 days and angiograms obtained between 7 and 17 days after subarachnoid hemorrhagie. Conclusions were as following : 1) No relationship between the site of aneurysm and the amount of subarachnoid blood. 2) No relationship between the site of aneurysm and the development of vasospasm. 3) No definite additional influence of the intracerebral or intraventricular clots on the development of vasospasm. 4) High incidence of severe vasospasm with clot or thick layer in subarachnoid space.
Aneurysm ; Incidence ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Rupture ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Subarachnoid Space ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vasospasm, Intracranial*

No abstract available.
Spinal Cord Diseases* ; Spinal Cord*

BACKGROUND: Cerebral cortical dysplasia (CD) is one of the important causes of intractable epilepsies and characterized histologically by disorganized cortical lamination and cytomegalic dysplastic neurons. Although various cytoskeletal abnormalities have been found in dysplastic neurons of CD, the pathogenetic role of dysplastic neurons has rarely been investigated. METHODS: In this study, immunohistochemical analysis was performed using antibodies against non-phosphorylated high- or medium-molecular weight neurofilament protein and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) in surgical specimens of CD. In order to know the possible relationship of dysplastic neurons with cytoskeletal abnormalities and various neurotrophin receptors, NGFR p75, trkA, trkB, and trkC immunoreactivities were also analyzed. RESULTS: Dysplastic neurons showed strong immunoreactivities for non-phosphorylated high- or medium-molecular weight neurofilament protein and MAP-2, which might reflect abnormal outgrowth and altered plasticity of the dysplastic neurons. TrkB and trkC were strongly expressed in dysplastic neurons and NGFR p75 was also strongly expressed in some dysplastic neurons. CONCLUSIONS: Since it has been known that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) have effects on the differentiation of neuronal precursor cells from the cortex and on dendritic and axonal arborization, increased expression of trkB and trkC may play a role in cytoskeletal abnormalities and altered synaptic transmission in dysplastic neurons.
Antibodies ; Axons ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Epilepsy ; Malformations of Cortical Development* ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; Neurons* ; Plastics ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor ; Synaptic Transmission