1.Human embryos of Carnegie stage 15..
Ho Jeong KIM ; Chul Hoe KOO ; Hyoung Woo PARK
Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology 1991;4(2):127-135
No abstract available.
Embryonic Structures*
;
Humans*
2.Relationship between Therapeutic Response and Plasma HVA/5-HIAA Ratio in Newly Admitted Schizophrenia.
Hoe Duck KOO ; Hae Sook SUH ; Kwang Hyeon KIM ; Chul Eung KIM
Korean Journal of Psychopharmacology 1997;8(1):101-106
Twenty newly admitted acute schizophrenic patients were treated with haloperidol for 6 weeks. HVA and 5-HIAA were sampled at baseline, 3days after initial neuroleptic dose, and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 weeks of treatment. Nine patients were classified as responders in this prospective haloperidol treatment trial. They had a score of change in the BPRS total scores of 25% or greater. Eleven patients were classified as nonresponders, based on a score of changes in the BPRS total scores of less than 25%. 1) There was no significant difference in plasma HVA/5-HIAA ratio between responder and non-responder before and after haloperidol treatment. 2) There was no significant correlations between plasma HVA/5-HIAA ratio and BPRS total scores. This study could not support the hypothesis that neuroleptic treatment would be effective by changing dopamine and serotonin function and/or by altering their interaction.
Dopamine
;
Haloperidol
;
Humans
;
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid
;
Plasma*
;
Prospective Studies
;
Schizophrenia*
;
Serotonin
3.Effect of GABA on the Contractility of Canine Trachealis Muscle.
Cheol Hoe KOO ; Oh Chul KWON ; Eun Mee CHOI ; Kang Youn LEE ; Won Joon KIM
Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine 1994;11(2):314-322
This study aimed to investigate the existence of GABA receptor and the mechanisms of action of GABA and diazepam of the trachealis muscle isolated from dog. Horizontal muscle strips of 2mm×15mm were prepared from canine trachea, and isometric myography in isolated muscle chamber bubbled with 95/5%-O₂/CO₂ at 36℃, at the pH of 7.4 was performed. Muscle strips contracted responding to the electrical field stimulation (ESP) by 2~20 Hz, 20 msec, monophasic square wave of 60 VDC. GABA and diazepam suppressed the EFS-induced contractions to the similar extent, significantly. (p<0.05). Bicuculline, a GABA(A) receptor antagonist blocked both GABA- and diazepam-inhibitions; but DAVA, a GABA(B) receptor antagoinst did not affect either of them. These results suggest than in the canine trachealis muscle, there may be only GABA(A) receptor, and GABA and diazepam inhibit the contractility via GABA(A) receptor.
Animals
;
Bicuculline
;
Diazepam
;
Dogs
;
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid*
;
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
;
Myography
;
Receptors, GABA
;
Receptors, GABA-A
;
Trachea
4.Epidemiological Characterizations of Class 1 Integrons from Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter Isolates in Daejeon, Korea.
Ji Youn SUNG ; Sun Hoe KOO ; Semi KIM ; Kye Chul KWON
Annals of Laboratory Medicine 2014;34(4):293-299
BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter spp. acquire antimicrobial agent-resistance genes via class 1 integrons. In this study, integrons were characterized to investigate the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of MDR Acinetobacter isolates. In addition, the relationship between the integron type and integron-harboring bacterial species was analyzed by using epidemiological typing methods. METHODS: Fifty-six MDR Acinetobacter spp.-A. baumannii (N=30), A. bereziniae (N=4), A. nosocomialis (N=5), and A. pittii (N=17)-were isolated. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined on the basis of the results of the Epsilometer test (Etest). PCR and DNA sequencing was performed to characterize the gene cassette arrays of class 1 integrons. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence (REP)-PCR were performed for epidemiological typing. RESULTS: Class 1 integrons were detected in 50 (89.3%) of the 56 isolates, but no class 2 or 3 integron was found within the cohorts. The class 1 integrons were classified into 4 types: 2.3-kb type A (aacA4-catB8-aadA1), 3.0-kb type B (aacA4-blaI(MP-1)-bla(OXA-2)), 3.0-kb type C (bla(VIM-2)-aacA7-aadA1), and 1.8-kb type D (aac3-1-bla(OXA-2)-orfD). Type A was most prevalent and was detected only in A. baumannii isolates, except for one A. bereziniae isolate; however, type B was amplified in all Acinetobacter isolates except for A. baumannii isolates, regardless of clone and separation time of the bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: Although class 1 integron can be transferred horizontally between unrelated isolates belonging to different species, certain types of class 1 integrons tend to transfer horizontally and vertically among A. baumannii or non-baumannii Acinetobacter isolates.
Acinetobacter/drug effects/isolation & purification/*metabolism
;
Acinetobacter Infections/epidemiology/microbiology
;
Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects/isolation & purification/metabolism
;
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
;
DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/metabolism
;
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
;
Humans
;
Integrons/*genetics
;
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
;
Multilocus Sequence Typing
;
Polymerase Chain Reaction
;
Republic of Korea
5.Correlation Between Virulence Genotype and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Hye Hyun CHO ; Kye Chul KWON ; Semi KIM ; Sun Hoe KOO
Annals of Laboratory Medicine 2014;34(4):286-292
BACKGROUND: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a clinically important pathogen that causes opportunistic infections and nosocomial outbreaks. Recently, the type III secretion system (TTSS) has been shown to play an important role in the virulence of P. aeruginosa. ExoU, in particular, has the greatest impact on disease severity. We examined the relationship among the TTSS effector genotype (exoS and exoU), fluoroquinolone resistance, and target site mutations in 66 carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains. METHODS: Sixty-six carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains were collected from patients in a university hospital in Daejeon, Korea, from January 2008 to May 2012. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin) were determined by using the agar dilution method. We used PCR and sequencing to determine the TTSS effector genotype and quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of the respective target genes gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE. RESULTS: A higher proportion of exoU+ strains were fluoroquinolone-resistant than exoS+ strains (93.2%, 41/44 vs. 45.0%, 9/20; P< or =0.0001). Additionally, exoU+ strains were more likely to carry combined mutations than exoS+ strains (97.6%, 40/41 vs. 70%, 7/10; P=0.021), and MIC increased as the number of active mutations increased. CONCLUSIONS: The recent overuse of fluoroquinolone has led to both increased resistance and enhanced virulence of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa. These data indicate a specific relationship among exoU genotype, fluoroquinolone resistance, and resistance-conferring mutations.
ADP Ribose Transferases/genetics
;
Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology
;
Bacterial Proteins/genetics
;
Bacterial Toxins/genetics
;
Carbapenems/pharmacology
;
Drug Resistance, Bacterial/*drug effects
;
Fluoroquinolones/*pharmacology
;
Genotype
;
Humans
;
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
;
Multilocus Sequence Typing
;
Mutation
;
Pseudomonas aeruginosa/*genetics/isolation & purification/pathogenicity
;
Sputum/microbiology
;
Virulence
6.Two Cases of Toxic Shock Syndrome(TSS) in Infants.
Jin Kil PARK ; Hong Ju CHOI ; Hee Tag IM ; Jae Sam KIM ; Hyo Kyung SHIN ; Chul Hoe KOO
Journal of the Korean Pediatric Society 1994;37(6):861-871
Much has been learned of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of the toxic shock syndrome (TSS) since the initial description in 1978 by Dr. James K, Todd. The clinical illness is defined by the criteria listed in the case definition formulated for epidemiologic studies. With the advent of widespread recognition of TSS, there have been numerous published reports describing the clinical and laboratory findings, primarily in menstruating females. And there have been also reported about six cases in Korea. Moreover, TSS is uncommon in the prepubertal age group and no case report in infant in Korea. We experienced two cases of TSS in infants aged 11/2 yrs and 9 months associated with respiratory infection-pneumonia, pyopneumothorax and localized skin abscess that were confused with Kawasaki disease (KD). The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical features and laboratory findings, and the cases met the Centers of Disease Control case definition of TSS. And thus we report these cases and review related literatures.
Abscess
;
Diagnosis
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Infant*
;
Korea
;
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome
;
Shock, Septic*
;
Skin
7.Serum Hepcidin Level as an Early Marker of Hematopoietic Activity after Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation.
Jimyung KIM ; Kye Chul KWON ; Sun Hoe KOO
Journal of Laboratory Medicine and Quality Assurance 2013;35(1):1-7
BACKGROUND: Hepcidin plays a central role in the regulation of iron metabolism, and hepatic iron production is stimulated by iron load and inflammation. Recent animal studies have shown that hepcidin levels increase when hematopoiesis is blocked. We aimed to monitor pre- and post-stem cell transplantation hepcidin levels and evaluate its association with hematologic recovery. METHODS: The study group comprised 12 patients with hematologic malignancies (7 with AML, 4 with ALL, and 1 with refractory anemia with excess blasts-2) undergoing allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). One day before and 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after PBSCT, reticulocyte count and levels of Hb, ferritin, and C-reactive protein were monitored; serum hepcidin-25 was measured by ELISA. RESULTS: The median serum hepcidin-25 levels (ng/mL) were significantly higher until 1 week after PBSCT (103.6, 103.3, and 96.5) than those at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after PBSCT (63.9, 53.9, and 56.6, respectively). The reticulocyte count also significantly increased from 2 weeks after PBSCT. The hepcidin level showed an inverse correlation with reticulocyte count (r=-0.56, P<0.001) and a weak positive correlation with ferritin (r=0.27, P=0.02). At 2 weeks, patients with high hepcidin levels (> or =63.9) tended to demonstrate lower Hb recovery at 8 weeks than patients with low hepcidin levels did (P=0.15), but without any differences in the incidence of complications. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that hepcidin production is associated with erythropoietic activity and that hepcidin level may be used as an early marker of hematopoietic recovery in PBSCT.
Anemia, Refractory
;
Animals
;
Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
;
C-Reactive Protein
;
Cell Transplantation
;
Ferritins
;
Hematologic Neoplasms
;
Hematopoiesis
;
Humans
;
Incidence
;
Inflammation
;
Iron
;
Organothiophosphorus Compounds
;
Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation
;
Reticulocyte Count
;
Stem Cell Transplantation
;
Transplants
8.Expression of Sme Efflux Pumps and Multilocus Sequence Typing in Clinical Isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
Hye Hyun CHO ; Ji Youn SUNG ; Kye Chul KWON ; Sun Hoe KOO
Annals of Laboratory Medicine 2012;32(1):38-43
BACKGROUND: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen, which causes infections that are often difficult to manage because of the inherent resistance of the pathogen to a variety of antimicrobial agents. In this study, we analyzed the expressions of smeABC and smeDEF and their correlation with antimicrobial susceptibility. We also evaluated the genetic relatedness and epidemiological links among 33 isolates of S. maltophilia. METHODS: In total, 33 S. maltophilia strains were isolated from patients in a tertiary hospital in Daejeon. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 11 antimicrobial agents were determined by using agar dilution method and E-test (BioMerieux, France). Real-time PCR analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of the Sme efflux systems in the S. maltophilia isolates. Additionally, an epidemiological investigation was performed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) assays. RESULTS: The findings of susceptibility testing showed that the majority of the S. maltophilia isolates were resistant to beta-lactams and aminoglycosides. Twenty-one clinical isolates overexpressed smeABC and showed high resistance to ciprofloxacin. Moreover, a high degree of genetic diversity was observed among the S. maltophilia isolates; 3 sequence types (STs) and 23 allelic profiles were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The smeABC efflux pump was associated with multidrug resistance in clinical isolates of S. maltophilia. In particular, smeABC efflux pumps appear to perform an important role in ciprofloxacin resistance of S. maltophilia. The MLST scheme for S. maltophilia represents a discriminatory typing method with stable markers and is appropriate for studying population structures.
Alleles
;
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology
;
Bacterial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
;
Bacterial Typing Techniques
;
Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology
;
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
;
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
;
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology
;
Humans
;
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
;
Multilocus Sequence Typing
;
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/classification/drug effects/*genetics/isolation & purification
9.Analysis of Apolipoprotein E Genotypes in Several Demential diseases.
Yun Mi PARK ; Young Mi JEON ; Gye Chul KWON ; Sun Hoe KOO ; Jong Woo PARK
Korean Journal of Clinical Pathology 1999;19(6):642-646
BACKGROUND: An increased frequency of the epsilon4 allele in Alzheimer's disease has been reported, which suggested a functional role of apolipoprotein E isoforms in pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of ApoE genotypes in various types of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and Parkinson's disease, to relate epsilon4 and assess risk factors for different types of dementia. METHODS: We assessed the frequency of Apolipoprotein E alleles in 29 patients with Alzheimer's disease, 10 patients with vascular dementia and 9 demented patients with Parkinson's disease. The Apolipoprotein E genotype was determined the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with sequence-specific oligonuculeotide primers (SSOP) and reverse hybridiza- tion using the INNO-LiPA (Line Probe Assay) Apo E typing kit. RESULTS: Allele frequencies of epsilon2, epsilon3, and epsilon4 were : 0.5, 0.72, and 0.23 in Alzheimer's disease; 0, 0.65, and 0.35 in vascular dementia; 0.6, 0.83 and 0.11 in demented patients with Parkinson's disease. Conculsion : These results indicate that the apolipoprotein E4 allele is associated with not only Alzheimer's disease but also vascular dementia, however not associated with Parkinson's disease. No such an association was observed between the apolipoprotein E alleles and age.
Alleles
;
Alzheimer Disease
;
Apolipoprotein E4
;
Apolipoproteins E
;
Apolipoproteins*
;
Dementia
;
Dementia, Vascular
;
Gene Frequency
;
Genotype*
;
Humans
;
Parkinson Disease
;
Polymerase Chain Reaction
;
Protein Isoforms
;
Risk Factors
10.Evaluation of the Performance of ARKRAY ADAMS HA-8180 HbA1c Analyzer.
Jinsook LIM ; Ji Myung KIM ; Sun Hoe KOO ; Kye Chul KWON
Laboratory Medicine Online 2012;2(3):126-130
BACKGROUND: Hemoglobin (Hb)-A1c is routinely used for the management of diabetes. In 2010, HbA1c was included into the diagnostic criteria for diabetes by the American Diabetes Association. A newly developed HbA1c analyzer, ARKRAY ADAMS HA-8180 (ARKRAY KDK, Japan) was introduced. In this study, we evaluated the analytical performance of ARKRAY ADAMS HA-8180 HbA1c analyzer and compared it with the previously used Variant II Turbo (Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA), which is a National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) certified analyzer. METHODS: According to Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute (CLSI) evaluation protocol (EP) 5-A, Lyphochek Diabetes Controls (Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA) are used for precision. Two (low and high) levels of quality control materials were analyzed twice a day for 20 days, after which the mean, total standard deviation (SD) and total coefficient of variation (CV), including the between-run CV and between-day CV were calculated. ARKRAY ADAMS HA-8180 HbA1c analyzer and Variant II Turbo were compared with 150 samples according to CLSI EP9-A2. In addition, the linearity and carry over rate were evaluated. RESULTS: Between-run CVs for low and high level quality control materials were 0.0% and 0.3%, respectively, whereas between-day CVs for low and high level quality control materials were 0.3% and 0.2%, respectively. In the linearity test, the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.99 (range, 3.1-19.3%). Thus, a good correlation was observed between ARKRAY ADAMS HA-8180 HbA1c analyzer and Variant II Turbo (R2=0.994). The carry over rate was 0.0%. CONCLUSIONS: The ARKRAY ADAMS HA-8180 HbA1c analyzer showed excellent precision, linearity, and carryover rate. It also showed excellent correlation with the NGSP certified Variant II Turbo. In conclusion, the ARKRAY ADAMS HA-8180 HbA1c analyzer is a reliable high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyzer for HbA1c analysis and could be very useful for the diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and risk assessment of diabetes.
Chromatography, Liquid
;
Hemoglobins
;
Quality Control
;
Risk Assessment