In the paper,we will deeply research sorts of ethical problems in medical genetics and their origins through a view of the human dual evolutions,and bring forward the viewpoint that any ethical problem can be originated from the conflict between human biological evolution and cultural evolution.Based on fully reasoning the relation between ethical problems in medical genetics and human evolution,the authors put forward a series of corresponding strategies to solve the ethical problems in medical genetics.

Objective To explore the effect of aconitine on serum zinc finger protein 41 and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine in ventricular septal defect model rats.Methods 80 ventricular septal defect model rats were randomly divided into two groups, experimental group ( n=40) were treated with 0.05 mg/kg aconitine via tail vein injection for 7 consecutive days;control group (n=40) were treated with normal saline via tail vein injection for 7 consecutive days.Then, the abdominal aorta blood of each rat was collected, and the contents of zinc finger protein 41 and SPARC in two groups were detected by Western blot and ELISA method,seperately.Results Western blot results showed that the expression of zinc finger protein 41 and SPARC in serum samples of experimental group were significantly lower than that of control group ( P<0.05 ) .ELISA results showed that the contents of zinc finger protein 41 and SPARC of experimental group was significantly lower than that of control group ( P<0.05 ), respectively.Conclusion Aconitine can decrease the expression of serum zinc finger protein 41 and SPARC in ventricular septal defect model rat.

Cross-lingual strategy is a teaching methodology in which the mother tongue is employed as a reference or comparison.Based on the English teaching practices in China,this article explores the importance and significance of cross-lingual strategy in English classroom teaching from the perspectives of second language acquisition theory,contrastive linguistics and psychological linguistics.

For medical interpretation,medical students enjoy the advantages of professional knowledge.Based on the case of the Second Military Medical University,this paper elaborates on the necessity and reasonableness of opening the optional course of medical interpretation for medical students,and makes further exploration on the methods and strategies of cultivating medical interpreters in higher medical education from the perspectives of trainee selection,knowledge structure and course designing.

Urinary tract infections(UTIs) are prevalent disorders of the urinary system, primarily caused by pathogens such as uropathogenic Escherichia coli(UPEC). These infections significantly impair patients' quality of life and increase the risk of urosepsis. Although antibiotic therapy can alleviate symptoms, prolonged use often leads to drug resistance and recurrence, underscoring the necessity for developing novel prevention and treatment strategies for UTIs. In recent years, UTI vaccines, as a specific preventive approach, have shown promising progress, which are broadly categorized into three types:whole-cell/lysate vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, and subunit vaccines. Whole-cell/lysate vaccines, such as Uromune,Strovac, and OM-89/UroVaxom, have already been commercialized. In contrast, live attenuated vaccines and subunit vaccines, including ExPEC4V and ExPEC10V, remain in the preclinical research stage. In this paper, the mechanism underlying UTIs and the recent advancements in UTI vaccine development are reviewed, aiming to provide a reference for the research and development of UTI vaccines in China.

Objective To study the clinical features and the clustering of risk factors in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM),and analyze the risk factors.Methods Two hundred and three gravida were selected.According to the result of 75 g oral glucose tolerance test,they were divided into 2 groups:GDM group(134 cases) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group (69 cases).Blood sugar,blood fat and insulin were measured,and the homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR),pancreatic islet beta cell function index (HOMA-β) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were calculated.The relation was analyzed between the risk factors and GDM.Results The age,progestation body mass index (BMI),fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin,total cholesterol,triglyeride,low density lipoprotein-eholesterol (LDL-C),HOMA-IR and the positive rate of diabetes mellitus family history in GDM group were significantly higher than those in NGT group [(30.8 ±4.1) years vs.(28.7 ±3.9) years,(24.29 ±3.65) kg/m2 vs.(21.35 ±2.39) kg/m2,(5.22 ±1.26) mmol/L vs.(4.33 ±0.53) mmol/L,(9.27 ±3.55) mU/L vs.(4.75 ±2.73) mU/L,(5.54 ± 1.26) mmol/L vs.(3.74 ± 1.07) mmol/L,(2.63 ± 1.43) mmol/L vs.(1.73 ± 0.76) mmol/L,(3.02 ± 0.97) mmol/L vs.(2.10 ± 0.75) mtmol/L,0.67 ± 0.47 vs.0.43 ± 0.34,40.3％ (54/134) vs.26.1％(18/69)],there were statistical differences (P＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).The HOMA-β and ISI in GDM group were significantly lower than those in NGT group (4.62 ± 0.72 vs.5.57 ± 1.30 and-3.79 ± 0.47 vs.-2.91 ± 0.48),there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.01).Logistic regression analysis result showed that fasting blood glucose (OR =6.016,95％ CI:1.603-22.585,P =0.008),total cholesterol (OR =2.823,95％ CI:1.568-5.083,P=0.001),diabetes mellitus family history (OR =2.780,95％ CI:1.168-6.617,P=0.021),fasting insulin(OR =1.954,95％ CI:1.371-2.785,P=0.001),progestation BMI(OR =1.787,95％ CI:1.124-2.839,P =0.014),age (OR =1.374,95％ CI:1.087-1.737,P =0.008) and diastolic pressure (OR =1.184,95％ CI:1.045-1.342,P =0.008) were the risk factors of GDM.Conclusions GDM has the clinical features of the clustering of risk factors and genetic susceptibility.The disorder of lipid metabolism and glycometabolism,genetic susceptibility and age are the main risk factors in the development of GDM.

Objective To analyze the antibiotic phenotype of Pseudomonas aeruginosas that were isolated from pleural samples in our hosptial and test relative genes that may cause antibiotic resistance in order to provide information for clinical treatment . Methods BioMerieux Bact/ALERT 3D 120 blood culture system was used to culture pleural samples .Simens MicroScan Walk‐Away 96 was employed for bacterial identification and susceptibility test .Imipenem‐EDTA double disk method was used for screen‐ing MBL‐producing isolates .PCR was used for testing OprD ,VIM and IMP .Results 14 of 38 Pseudomonas aeruginosas isolates showed resistance to Imipenem and 2 were with multi‐resistance .4 isolates produced MBL .Only two were found lack of OprD gene among the 14 isolates ,and IMP and VIM genes were detected in 2 isolates .Conclusion The Pseudomonas aeruginosas from pleural infection show relative higher resistant rate to Imipenem ,and the exsiting mechanisms of Imipenem resistance included MBL (VIM and IM P genes) and lack of OprD .

Objective To explore the risk factors of pregnancy complications in patients with gestationaldiabetesmellitus(GDM).Methods 134patientswithGDMweredividedintocontrolgroup without complication (n= 38) and complication group(n= 96).Serum fasting levels of glucose (FPG) , insulin ,lipid and C‐reactive protein (C‐RP) were measured. Both maternal and fetal complications of pregnancy were recorded. Results The levels of C‐RP ,FPG ,progestation BMI and lategestation BMI were significantly increased in complication group than in control group [(5.46 ± 4.20) vs (2.60 ± 2.76) mg/L ,(5.68 ± 1.36) vs (5.25 ± 0.77)mmol/L ,(24.79 ± 3.92) vs (23.03 ± 2.51)kg/m2 ,(29.05 ± 3.79) vs (27.25 ± 2.58)kg/m2 respectively ,P< 0.05].The C‐RP level is significantly associated with FPG.Logistic analysis showed that maternal complications were significantly related to lategestation BMI ,C‐RP , TC and HDL‐C.Infant complications were significantly related to C‐RP. Conclusion C‐RP ,lipid and late gestation BMI play important roles in the development of maternal‐neonatal complications during pregnancy. Keeping rational levels of glucose ,lipid and weight gain are helpful for improving pregnancy outcomes.

MircoRNAs (miRNAs) are widely existing inorganisms, non-coding small RNA. MircoR-NAs play important role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, stress resistance and fat metabolism. In vitro studies indicate that miRNAs are important factors in platinum resistance of ovarian cancer cell lines. However, the pathway of platinum resistance of ovarian cancers is complex. Studies find miRNA expression play important roles in the sensitivity of platinum resistance of ovarian cancer cell lines , and can be used as an early alert for platinum resistance. Changing the expression of miRNA even can reverse the platinum resistance . But the regular role of miRNAs in target genes network is still unconfirmed. Thus, more studies about miRNA in vivo and animal tumor models are needed to identify the function of miRNAs in platinum resistance of ovarian cancer.

Objective To analyze the clinical value and safety of capsule endoscopy in the digestive tract diseases.Methods 55 cases of inpatients or outpatients were given the capsule endoscopy examination.The positive detection rate and safety were observed.Results The positive detection rate was 87.3％,the diagnostic rate was 50.9％.Capsule retention in the body happened in 2 cases (1 case of small intestine space-occupying lesions,decided to take the operation,another 1 case got Crohn's disease,intestinal incomplete obstruction),the occurrence rate was 1.5％.Conclusion The capsule endoscopy make up some shortcomings of the traditional gastrointestinal endoscope,but also show some drawbacks,so improving performance of instrument of the capsule endoscopy,expanding the scope of application of capsule endoscopy will be the development direction of the capsule endoscopy in the future.