No abstract available.
Adult* ; Child* ; Humans ; Tuberculosis, Spinal*

A clinical review was performed of 11 cases of traumatic foot treated by tendon transfer at Severance Hospital during the period from April 1979 to March 1988 and the results are summarized as follows: l. Among 11 patient, there were 8 males and 3 females, ranging from 4 to 36 years of age. 2. Anterior tibial tendon was used in 6 cases, among these, split anterior tibial tendon was used in 3 cases. Posterior tibial tendon was used in 2 cases and extensor digitorum longus tendon of the foot in 3 cases. 3. In cases of soft tissue injury where tendon transfer was impossible, microvascular free cutaneous flap transplantation was combined with the tendon transfer in 6 cases. 4. Follow-up results of the 11 cases were obtained from 5 months to 9 years. Excellent results were obtained in 8 cases and satisfactory in 3 cases. For the correction of function loss in traumatic foot, tendon transfers were useful method for the recovery of active motion of the foot.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Tendon Transfer ; Tendons

We reported the two cases of olecranon osteomyelitis secondary to the iatrogenic chronic relapsing septic olecranon bursitis. Infection was well eradicated by excision of the infected bursa and curettage of the eroded olecranon under the coverage of antibiotic therapy.
Bursitis* ; Curettage ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; Olecranon Process* ; Osteomyelitis*

In general, satisfactory results can be obtained by nonoperative means in the management of proximal femoral shaft fracture in children. Howerver, it is sometimes difficult to maintain the fracture alignment by the nonoperative means because of different muscle pulls in the thigh. The proximal fragment tend to be displaced and roentgenograms are difficult to be taken during traction. These problems have led some authors to advocate open reduction and internal fixation which facilitate overall care. We report our experiences on nonoperative and.operative treatment for proximal femoral fracture at the Chon-ju Presbyterian Medical Center from February 1987 to January 1991. The results are as follows ; 1. There were 20 cases in male, 7 cases in female. Average age at injury was 6.9 years (range, 6 months to 12 years and 8 months). Traffic accident was the most common cause (70.3%). 2. Average immobillization time was 9.2 weeks (range, 6.0 weeks to 12.1 weeks) in the nonoperative treatment group(17 cases), while 8.1 weeks(range, 6.1 weeks to 11.4 weeks) in the operative treatment group (10 cases). 3. Average bony union time was 9.6 weeks (range, 6.3 weeks to 12.5 weeks) in the nonoperative treatment group(17. cases) and 11.2 weeks (range, 9.0 weeks to 13.4 weeks) in the operative treatment group (P < 0.05). 4. Average overgrowth of femur was 3.3mm(range,
Accidents, Traffic ; Child ; Clinical Study ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; Femur ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Male ; Protestantism ; Thigh ; Traction

PURPOSE: We investigated the effects of transurethral needle ablation (TUNA) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using a pressure-flow study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 25 patients with symptomatic BPH, and an obstructive pattern on urodynamics, were treated with TUNA. We evaluated the patients before TUNA treatment using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life scores (QOL), uroflowmetry, postvoid residual volume (PVR) and pressure-flow studies, for a mean of 6 months following treatment. RESULTS: At 6 months after TUNA, the IPSS decreased from a mean of 22.69 to 7.65 (p<0.01). The QOL scores improved from a mean of 4.65 to 2.13 (p<0.01). The peak flow rate and PVR improved from a mean of 8.13ml/sec to 13.79ml/sec and 98.52ml to 39.52ml (p<0.01), respectively. A reduction in the mean detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate (67.21cmH2O to 47.43cmH2O, p<0.01) and the Abrams-Griffiths number (51.39 to 20.65, p<0.01) indicated that TUNA can significantly lower bladder pressure. With the exception of one patient, no patient complained of any severe side effects. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with BPH, TUNA resulted significant clinical improvements, with no major complications, and slightly decreased the bladder outlet obstruction. We suggest that TUNA is a safe and effective method for treating bladder outlet obstructions due to BPH, especially, in patients at high risk of operative morbidity and mortality, and for aged patients afraid of sexual dysfunction and retrograde ejaculation.
Ejaculation ; Humans ; Male ; Mortality ; Needles ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Quality of Life ; Residual Volume ; Tuna* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; Urodynamics

PURPOSE: We investigated the effects of transurethral needle ablation (TUNA) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using a pressure-flow study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 25 patients with symptomatic BPH, and an obstructive pattern on urodynamics, were treated with TUNA. We evaluated the patients before TUNA treatment using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life scores (QOL), uroflowmetry, postvoid residual volume (PVR) and pressure-flow studies, for a mean of 6 months following treatment. RESULTS: At 6 months after TUNA, the IPSS decreased from a mean of 22.69 to 7.65 (p<0.01). The QOL scores improved from a mean of 4.65 to 2.13 (p<0.01). The peak flow rate and PVR improved from a mean of 8.13ml/sec to 13.79ml/sec and 98.52ml to 39.52ml (p<0.01), respectively. A reduction in the mean detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate (67.21cmH2O to 47.43cmH2O, p<0.01) and the Abrams-Griffiths number (51.39 to 20.65, p<0.01) indicated that TUNA can significantly lower bladder pressure. With the exception of one patient, no patient complained of any severe side effects. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with BPH, TUNA resulted significant clinical improvements, with no major complications, and slightly decreased the bladder outlet obstruction. We suggest that TUNA is a safe and effective method for treating bladder outlet obstructions due to BPH, especially, in patients at high risk of operative morbidity and mortality, and for aged patients afraid of sexual dysfunction and retrograde ejaculation.
Ejaculation ; Humans ; Male ; Mortality ; Needles ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Quality of Life ; Residual Volume ; Tuna* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; Urodynamics

It has generally been accepted that there is a direct relationship between excessively nearwork such as writing and reading, and the incidence of myopia in primary school children. Hong et al (1967, 1968) reported a yearly increase in the incidence of myopia in primary school children in Seoul, Korea. The highest incidence of myopia was found among 5th and 6th graders. These children had to study hard for long hours in preparation for the entrance examinations into middle school. This study was on the incidence of myopia among primary school children was made to find the present incidence of refractive errors now that the entrance examination has been eliminated. In Seoul these examinations have been eliminated since 1969. This study was made in 1973 A comparison is made of the incidence of refractive errors before and after the elimination of the examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 645 primary school children (330 boys and 315 girls) between the ages of 7 and 12 were examined for refractive errors. Visual acuity was checked using the Snellen's E chart under a standard 10 foot candle illumination. There after -2% Cyclogyl solution was twice instiIled in both eyes at 5 minute intervals. The subjective and objective refractive examination was done when the pupils were fully dilated and there was no reaction to light. RESULTS: 1. Ammetropia was more common than emetropia in all of the studies for primary school children (1967, 1968, 1973). 2. Hyperopia was more common than myopia in all of the studies of the incidence of ametropia. (1967, 1968, 1973). 3. The incidence of hyperopia increased until the age of 7 following which there was an annual decrease in the incidence. in contrast, the incidence of myopia showed an annual increase from the age of 8 years. 4. Although myopia was more commonly found among the girls in the 1967, 1973 studies, the 1968 study showed a higher incidence among boys. 5. The greatest incidence of refractive errors occurred at the age of 7 years. 6. The majority of refractive errors were less than 3 diopters. 7. "With the rule" astigmatism was more commonly found than "against the rule". 8. In 1973 the incidence of myopia among primary school children had dropped to 13. 70/0 as compared with a 19.37% incidence in 1967, and 22.9% incidence in 1968.
Astigmatism ; Child* ; Cyclopentolate ; Female ; Foot ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Incidence* ; Korea ; Lighting ; Myopia ; Pupil ; Refractive Errors* ; Seoul ; Visual Acuity ; Writing

It has generally been accepted that there is a direct relationship between excessively nearwork such as writing and reading, and the incidence of myopia in primary school children. Hong et al (1967, 1968) reported a yearly increase in the incidence of myopia in primary school children in Seoul, Korea. The highest incidence of myopia was found among 5th and 6th graders. These children had to study hard for long hours in preparation for the entrance examinations into middle school. This study was on the incidence of myopia among primary school children was made to find the present incidence of refractive errors now that the entrance examination has been eliminated. In Seoul these examinations have been eliminated since 1969. This study was made in 1973 A comparison is made of the incidence of refractive errors before and after the elimination of the examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 645 primary school children (330 boys and 315 girls) between the ages of 7 and 12 were examined for refractive errors. Visual acuity was checked using the Snellen's E chart under a standard 10 foot candle illumination. There after -2% Cyclogyl solution was twice instiIled in both eyes at 5 minute intervals. The subjective and objective refractive examination was done when the pupils were fully dilated and there was no reaction to light. RESULTS: 1. Ammetropia was more common than emetropia in all of the studies for primary school children (1967, 1968, 1973). 2. Hyperopia was more common than myopia in all of the studies of the incidence of ametropia. (1967, 1968, 1973). 3. The incidence of hyperopia increased until the age of 7 following which there was an annual decrease in the incidence. in contrast, the incidence of myopia showed an annual increase from the age of 8 years. 4. Although myopia was more commonly found among the girls in the 1967, 1973 studies, the 1968 study showed a higher incidence among boys. 5. The greatest incidence of refractive errors occurred at the age of 7 years. 6. The majority of refractive errors were less than 3 diopters. 7. "With the rule" astigmatism was more commonly found than "against the rule". 8. In 1973 the incidence of myopia among primary school children had dropped to 13. 70/0 as compared with a 19.37% incidence in 1967, and 22.9% incidence in 1968.
Astigmatism ; Child* ; Cyclopentolate ; Female ; Foot ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Incidence* ; Korea ; Lighting ; Myopia ; Pupil ; Refractive Errors* ; Seoul ; Visual Acuity ; Writing

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to compare the shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) with the rigid ureteroscopic stone removal (URS) in order to establish the efficacy in treating upper ureteral stones according to the stone size. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 328 patients who have been treated for upper ureteral stones between January 1999 and December 2002. 227 patients were treated with SWL, and 101 patients were treated with URS. We analyzed the success rates of the stone removal, reasons for failure, and complication rates of each procedure. RESULTS: The overall success rate of the URS was 93.1%. In terms of stone size, the success rates were 94.5% (<10mm) and 91.3% (>10mm), respectively. With the SWL treatments, the overall success rates after the first, second, and third sessions were 59%, 78%, and 92.5%, respectively. According to the stone size, the success rates were 96.5% (<10mm) and 85.7% (>10mm) after third sessions, respectively. The success rate was significantly affected by the size of the stone in the SWL group, but this was not the case with the URS group. The associated complication rates of URS and SWL were 11% and 7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, URS was relatively more efficacious than SWL when the stone was larger than 10 mm. The proper selection of patients for in situ SWL or URS would improve the results of the initial treatment.
Humans ; Lithotripsy* ; Shock* ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Calculi ; Ureteroscopy