A randomized investigation was conducted in 30 of total 80 private pharmacies registered enterprise at Nha Trang city from Mar to Apr 2004 to determine real situation of treatment diarrhea for children under advice of the pharmacies. Results: rate of pharmacies advising treatment for diarrhea by ORS are relatively low while ORS drug is used largely and effectively in treatment diarrhea. 87% pharmacies have provided incorrect counseling to their customers.
Diarrhea ; Child ; Pharmacies

Over 5 years we have conducted sentinel surveillance for rotavirus at six hospitals in Vietnam. More than 10,000 children less than 5 years old were admitted with diarrhea with fecal specimens screened for rotavirus. Overall, 55% were positive and there is variability in rates of rotavirus detection between sites (44%-62%). The older age children become infected, the higher percentage of rotavirus detected. the rotavirus strains appear to be the common type.
Diarrhea ; Rotavirus ; Child

The molecular characteristics of 44 H. influenzae strains were isolated from children with bacterial meningitis and 37 strains were isolated from children with acute respiratory infection were investigated. Of the 37 H. influenzae isolates from nasopharyngeal aspirates (NA), the serotype of 30 isolates were nontypeable, 4 were type b, 2 were type c and one was type a. Whereas those of 44 isolates from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were all type b. Twenty-six (70.3%) from NA and 23 strains from CSF were beta lactamase-producing, and the remaining strains were beta lactamase negative. PCR analysis to identify the resistant genes indicates 25 strains from NA and 21 strains from CSF had TEM-l-type-beta lactamase gene, 11 strains from NA and 22 strains from CSF lack all resistant genes, and each strain from NA and CSF had TEM-l-type beta lactamase gene and fts I gene with the same substitution as the low -betalactamase-negative ampicillin resistant (low-BLNAR) strain. No BLNAR strain was found. The MICs against 16 antibiotics between isolates from NA and CSF were similar except for penicillin G and ampicillin.
Haemophilus influenza ; Pediatrics ; Meningitis ; Bacterial Infections

From Jan. to Oct.2003, the rate of pathological bacteria H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae and viruses adeno, influenzae, entero, isolated from rhino-pharyngeal fluids of 198 pediatric under five years old of age patients with acute inflammation of respiratory tract treated at Hanoi’s St Paul Hospital was determined. The rate of isolated bacteria accounted for 41,9%, viruses 9,1%, and of both 2 bacterial and viral pathological agents in concomittence 4,55% of cases. Among them, isolated S. pneumoniae was the most- 35,8%, following by H.influenzae- 31,2%. 2 bacteria species were isolated in concomittance in 23 case samples. Among isolated viruses, adeno virus occupied 27%, influenzae 16% and entero virus 44%
Haemophilus influenzae ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; viruses ; Respiratory System ; child ; Respiratory Tract Infections

The retrospective study reviewed 114 patients under 5 year old, hospitalized for intussusception (IS) over 3 years period (2000-2002) in General Hospital of Khanh Hoa province. The number of cases vary between 29 to 48 annually. Boy to girl ratio was 2:1. 64% of cases were children under 1 year old. The peak of IS was observed between 4 to 9 month old and had no difference in seasonal prevalence. Most common symptoms were abdominal pain, vomiting and abdominal mass. 88% of cases were diagnosed by ultrasound, 12% were confirmed by clinical diagnosis. Majority of cases was cured by radiological reduction. 5 cases must operated after failure of radiological reduction. No fatal case was reported
Intussusception ; child ; epidemiology ; diagnosis ; Therapeutics

From 1998, mass immunization using the locally-produced, killed oral cholera vaccine was conducted in half of the communes of Hue city followed by mass immunization of the remaining communes in 2000. In 2003, a cholera outbreak occurred in the city. The objective of the study is to assess the effects of vaccine after 3-5 years. The control group had the same address, sex and age with cholera patients. From May – August 2003, a total of 115 confirmed cholera cases were detected in Hue city. In this study, 48 cases were positive culture-confirmed and 21 cases was clinically suspected cholera. 62% cases had been vaccinated compared with 75% of the controls. The results showed that, using cholera vaccine in 1998 or 2000 conferred 50% protection against cholera during the 2003 outbreak
Cholera Vaccines ; Vaccination ; immunization

From June 2002 to April 2003, at the Department of Transmissible diseases and the Department of Neonate infants of the Central Hospital of Pediatry and at the Department of Pediatry of Bach Mai Hospital, 189 blood samples of under 5 years old children, who did not use antibiotics within 7 days, underwent a culture. From them, 28 strains of 11 genera of bacteria were isolated. The rate of positive blood culture accounted for 14.8%, in neonate infants 19.6%, there were 71.3% sepsis among under 1 year old children, among them gram(+) bacteria 53.5% were with mainly staphyloccocus, gram(-) bacteria mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.Coli 45.6%. Some bacteria were resistant to common antibiotics such as ampicillin and chloramphenicol
Bacteremia ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child

A survey conducted from 1-2/2000 in the 7 urban districts of Hanoi, Vietnam showed that overall use rate for Hib vaccine among children under 5 year of age was 3.2% and coverage for meningoccoal vaccine was 1.4%.
Vaccines ; Haemophilus influenzae type b

57 rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis strains isolated from Ha Noi Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases and Pham Ngoc Thach Tuberculosis Center of Ho Chi Minh City were involved in this study. The regimen included 2-month SHRZ and 4-month HR. All of these strains were resistant to rifampicin. It was found that rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis strains had mutations on rpoB gene. The mutation frequency of tuberculosis trains isolated from Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh City was highest on 526 locus (55% and 41.6%, respectively) and 531 locus (30% and 33%, respectively).
Tuberculosis ; Mutation ; Rifampin

The cell-mediated immunity of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis patients was followed up during treatment with chemotherapy plus immunotherapy. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the group treated with chemotherapy and the group treated with chemotherapy plus immunotherapy
Tuberculosis ; drug therapy ; Immunotherapy