Medical metrology work is the base of quality control for hospital medical equipment.It guarantees the accuracy of hospital medical instruments.It is important to set up a complete management system for hospital metrology institutions.

Objective:To study the relationships between age,the state of genital tract and vaginitis,cervical erosion and vulvae leukoplakia in married women.Methods:Gynecologic inspection and laboratory examination were performed in 1 253 patients diagnosed vaginitis,cervicitis and vulvae leukoplakia in a women screen in a certain area in Chongqing in 2007.Statistics analysis was made by SAS8.1.Results:Of 1 253 patiens,45.89% had vaginitis,44.69%,cervical erosion,and 3.35%,vulvae leukoplakia,6.07%,the other conditions.Age,vaginal cleanness degree,candida infection were risk factors of vaginitis;Age,vaginal cleanness degree were related to cervical erosion and vulvae leukoplakia.Conclusion:Vaginitis,cervical erosion and vulvae leukoplakia should arouse more attention in the prevention and treatment of women genital tract disease in the future,and the standard etiology treatment should be performed to get microcosmic ecological balance.The perfect control and monitoring system for gynecologic disease should be established,and service quality of women health care should be improved.

Payment system reforms have become an important part of Chinese healthcare reforms, and global budget has been seen as a major trend. Based on the practice and data of four pilot hospitals in Beijing which have implemented the global budget, this paper focuses on analyzing the effects of implementation on the following aspects and provides references for policy improvements: medical services, average medical cost, total health expenditure, medical cost structure, average length of stay and out-of-pocket expense percentages.

AIM: To investigate the clinical effect of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens ( IOL ) implantation for cataract patients after corneal refractive surgery, and to compare the accuracy of the different refractive IOL.
METHODS:The data of 120 myopia cases (160 eyes) in our hospital, who underwent cataract surgery and corneal refractive surgery were analyzed. Corneal curvature K value before corneal refractive surgery were obtained and calculated by using history method. Corneal curvature correction numerical method and corneal topography were used to record K value of patients with incomplete data before and after treatment. The K value was substituted into the formula. By comparing the actual cataract surgery and refractive state expected refractive status (-0. 50D), the accuracy of IOL refractive obtained from three methods was compared.
RESULTS: The average best corrected visual acuity before cataract surgery was 0. 25 ± 0. 05, and it was improved ( 0. 80 ± 0. 05 ) after surgery. The average spherical equivalent (SE) was -1. 98±1. 75 before surgery and +0.85±3.38 after surgery (P<0.05). The K values of 48 cases were calculated by clinical history method ( CHM ) and that of 73 cases was calculated with the adjusted keratometry method ( AKM) . The K values of 39 cases were calculated using the corneal topography method ( CTM) .
CONCLUSION: For patients with corneal refractive surgery, the appropriate method can be selected according to clinical symptoms, history, etc. and this may help to accurately calculate IOL. For patients with complete data, CHM can be used to provide corneal K values, while for those with incomplete data, AKM and CHM can be used.

Objectives To explore the effects of control measures and dynamic prevalence of drinking water endemic fluorosis in China, to provide basis and technique support for endemic fluorosis control in China. Methods The survey was carried out according to the national surveillance Scheme of Endemic Fuorosis. The fulfillment of control measures and the quality of water improving projects were surveyed. Household water sample and urine of children aged 8-12 years were collected and fluoride content was detected by iron selective electrode method. Check the teeth of children aged 8-12 years. Dental fluorosis was diagnosed by Dean's method. Results projects were build in 84 endemic villages in 2006, and the average water improving rate came to 73.98% fluoride contents of half the surveyed spots were over the standard, mainly between 1.0-2.0 mg/L, and the urine controlled just in only few spots and it was in moderate or severe status in some endemic areas for many years. Conclusions Little progress of control measures in drinking water endemic fluorosis counties surveyed has been made in these two years. Projects of running out of status and over standard of water fluorosis are frequently seen. Dental fluorosis in many spots is not controlled.

Objective To study the pathological characteristics of delayed xenograft rejection and the expression of donor ICAM-1 in mouse-to-rat cardiac xenografts. Methods BALB/c mice and Lewis rats served as donors and recipients respectively. The model of mouse-to-rat heterotopic heart xenotransplantation was established. The cardiac xenografts were harvested at 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h after transplantation and at the time when no pulsations could be detected in the transplanted heart respectively. The normal BALB/c mouse hearts were harvested as control group. The grafts were col lected to receive pathological and immunohistochemical examinations as well as to detect the level of ICAM-1 mRNA in the xenografts. Quantitive measurement of ICAM-1 expression in the grafts was done by using multimedia pathology imaging analysis system. RT-PCR products of xenografts were separated by agrose gels and the densities of the bands were determined by density scanning. Results The pathologic examination of xenografts showed hyperemia, hemorrhage with inflammatory cells infiltrated at 12 h after transplantation and they became more and more serious as time went on. The pathologic examination of rejected xenografts showed widespread intravascular thrombosis, hyperemi-a, hemorrhage, coagulative necrosis with a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated. The stained color of vascular endothelial cells and cardiac myocytes was significantly more intensive in the xeno-grafts than that of normal BALB/c mouse hearts in the control group. The relative density values (ICAM-1/?-actin) were also significantly higher in the xenografts than that of the control group. Conclusion ICAM-1 expression in the xenografts was up-regulated, which was related with the development of the delayed xenograft rejection.

Teaching is very important for anesthesiology developmemt,so residents should be cultivated the teaching capacity as soon as possible.This article discussed how to cultivate the teaching capacity of residents in anesthesiology department.

Oestrogen(E), oestrogen receptor (ER) and oestrogen induced proteins form a cellular signal transduction pathway. As a member of this pathway, PS2 protein has close relations with gastric cancer. To elucidate its role in the course of tumourigenesis and advancing may contribute to the insight into the tumourigenic mechanisms and signal-transduction therapy of the gastric cancer.

Objective To establish a method for determination of new abused drugs in plasma by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry ( UPLC-MS/MS ) combined with in-tube solid-phase microextraction. Methods 2 mL of borax buffer was added to 1 mL of plasma with drugs. Then,the mixture was withdrawn into a syringe connected to a stainless steel needle welded with DB-1701 capillary column. 50 μL acetonitrile was used as elution solvent at the flow rate of 300 μL·min-1 for 2 min. Subsequently,the drugs on elute were determined by using UPLC-MS/MS in positive mode with multiple reaction monitoring( MRM) to determine drug concentration in human plasma samples. ResultsThe recoveries rates of the five abused drugs ( codeine hydrochloride, tramadol, diphenoxylate hydrochloride, diazepam, and triazolam) in plasma were between 69. 2% -81. 7% with the RSDs less than 10%. LODs of the drugs were less than 25 ng·mL-1 . Seven out of the 26 plasma samples were determined positive. Conclusion The in-tube SPME method coupled to UPLC-MS/MS is simple, rapid, and environmental friendly, which is suitable for the the rapid screening of the new abused drugs.

Purpose　To judge the value of CT in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Methods　74 cases of acute pancreatitis confirmed by operation were reviewed. All patients underwent CT plain and contrast -enhanced scanning. Oral contrast agents were used. Results　According to clinical diagnosis, they were devided into edematous type(n=53),and necrotic type(n=21). 7 cases were complicated with abscesses, and 5 cases died. According to CT finding, Grade A,n=10; Grade B,n=16; Grade C,n=19; Grade D,n=16; Grade E, n=13. Conclusion　 CT is valuable in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, and CT grade is referable.