Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Olfaction Disorders ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Smell

OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for the control of drug costs in China. METHODS: Present problems on drug were analyzed. The measures and effect of market mechanisms and policy interventions were analyzed referring to foreign experience on the control of drug expenses. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Because drugs are a special kind of commodity, the combination and complementarity between market mechanisms and policy interventions can effectively control drug costs.

Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy as a bridge between theoretical courses and clinical practice of acupuncture and moxibustion, is important. As the main part ofAcupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy, the training course deals with case analysis, inquiry training and simulation, clinical treatment ability training etc, in order to realize seamless docking classroom and clinical.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of treating refractory ascites by intermittent cycle ascites reinfusion.Methods Having 30 refractory ascites patients of both chronic renal failure and maintenance hemodialysis(MHD),treating them 102 times by intermittent close ascites reinfusion and synchronous hemodialysis,having reinfusion ascites 3000～5000ml each time,checking the change of serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(Bun),and serum albumin before and after hemodialysis(HD) by blood-test,and observing their temperature,weight,belly size,blood pressure,and pulse before and after treatment.Results After treatment,all the patients feel well,have good appetite,and have less swollen belly.The average treatment is 3.2 times.The table shows the patients' weight,belly size,serum albumin,serum creatinie and blood urea nitrogen(Bun) before and after treatment.The difference is obviously distinctive(P

Bone Neoplasms ; Chondrosarcoma ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; pathology ; Nasal Septum ; pathology

Biomarkers ; Carcinogens ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans

Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (mincle receptor) is a novel unclassical C-type lectin receptor member,which is mainly expressed on the surface of antigen presenting cells.Under the stimulation of fungus,mycobacterium tuberculosis and necrotic cells,mincle receptor plays anatural immune effect in host body by binding to relevant ligand and activate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway,which promotes the expression of many inflammatory factors.Up to now,the laboratory and clinical studies on mincle receptor and infected diseases is being a hot topic.However,these study is lack in ophthalmology.Understanding the association of mincle receptor to infected eye diseases will offer a new approach to the immunotherapy.The basic concept,acting mechanism,its relationship to inflammatory eye diseases and outlook in ophthalmology of mincle receptor were reviewed in this paper.

Aim To investigate the role of T type calcium channel of spinal cord and supraspinal on the pain threthold of the rats following chronic constriction injury(CCI) of the sciatic nerve.Methods Intrathecal and lateral ventricle injection were employed in this study.With Von Frey hair and radiant thermal stimulator,we measured the mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL)of the rats after injected mibefradil.Results The rats of CCI group formed steady mechanical and heat hyperaglsia from the third day after operation to the end of this study.Administered intrathecally mibefradil 50,100,200 ?g can increase the CCI rats MWT and TWL.However,mibefradil administered lateral ventricle can reduce the CCI rats MWT and TWL.Conclusion Blocking T type calcium channel of spinal can inhibit mechanical and heat hyperalgesia of the CCI rats,However,bloking the T type calcium channel of supraspinal can enhance the mechanical and heat hyperalgesia of the CCI rats.

Objective To assessthe association of polymorphism in angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) gene with curative effect of hypotensive drugs.Methods The studies concerning association of ACE I/D with curative effect of hypotensive drugs were retrieved by searching data base,and then screened according to inclusive and exclusive criteria.Meta-analysis was performed by review manager 5.3 software.WMD and OR were used to assess difference of levels or effective rate of blood pressure degression among DD,DI and Ⅱ gcnotype.Results Totally 12 articles with 2 528 patients were included in this study.For all patients,WMD (95％ CI) with DD:Ⅱ genotype reflecting degression level of systolic pressure (SP) and diastolic pressure (DP) were respectively 5.92(4.09～7.75) and 1.70(1.03～ 2.38),and OR (95％CI) reflecting effective rate of blood pressure degression was 2.49 (1.44～ 4.31),with statistical significance (P＜ 0.05).For subgroup analysis according to hypotensive drugs,using angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker (ARB),WMD (95 ％CI) of SP and DP were respectively 9.16(6.51～11.82) and 1.84(0.10～3.57) in DD:Ⅱ,or 6.75(4.21～9.28) and 3.38(0.16～6.61) in DI ∶ Ⅱ genotype,all with P＜0.05.There were no statistical significance for diuretic in DD ∶ Ⅱ,DD ∶ DI and DI ∶ Ⅱ.Using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI),OR (95％CI) were respectively 3.79(1.80～8.01) and 2.97(1.34～6.55) in DD:Ⅱ and DD:DI,with P＜0.05.Conclusion Compared with I allele in patient,ACEI and ARB were more effective for D allele,while there were no difference for curative effect of diuretic between I allele and D allele.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cumulative incidence of end-stage renal disease(ESRD)in Chinese hypertensive type2diabetic patients with microalbuminuria(DHM)treated with different regimes,and to provide reference for decision makers.METHODS:A peer-reviewed Markov model that simulated progression from microalbuminuria to nephropathy,dou?bling of serum creatinine,ESRD,and all-cause mortality in patients with DHM was adapted to China.Three strategies were compared:(1)early use of irbesartan(i.e.prompt treatment in subjects with microalbuminuria);(2)late use of irebesartan(i.e.as from overt nephropathy);(3)standard hypertension care(with comparable blood pressure control).Cumulative incidence of ESRD,costs and life expectancy were projected for a hypothetical cohort of1000subjects.Treatment-specific progression and mortality probabilities were derived from published trials:IRMA-2(in microalbuminuria)and IDNT(in overt nephropathy).Medical management and cost data per state were obtained from published local sources.A flexible time horizon up to25years and third party payer perspective were used.Future costs and LE were discounted at3%yearly.RESULTS:When compared with standard blood pressure control,early use of irbesartan was evaluated to reduce the cumulative incidence of ESRD from(mean?standard deviation)8%to22%,save RMB30348(US＄3667),and add0.638life years per treated patient.Late use of irbesartan was dominant over control group but dominated by early irbesartan.Break-even occurred after13years.CON?CLUSION:Treating DHM patients by early use of irbesartan is evaluated to reduce the incidence of ESRD,extend life and reduce costs.Treating patients at a later stage is still beneficial,however to a lower extent.