Objectives To observe the co-activation phenomenon during exercise fatigue induced by the proximal muscles on the upper limbs.Methods Sixteen undergraduates not majoring in sports participated in this study,and their left arms were chosen as the observed arms and right arms were selected as the weighted arms.The weighted arm was alternatively in the state of relaxation without any load and fatigue after bending and extending elbow joints to uphold a 5 kg dumbbell.However,the observed arm kept weighing a 4 kg dumbbell with 90 degrees elbow flexion until the muscles were exhausted.The surface electromyography of biceps brachii and triceps brachii of the observed arms was measured using the ME6000.And the integrated surface electromyography (IEMG),root of mean square (RMS),mean power frequency (MPF)and median frequency (MF)were further analyzed.Results The IEMG and RMS of biceps brachii and triceps brachii of the observed arms increased gradually after the exercise began (P＜0.05)regardless of in the relaxed state or in the in the state of weighing a 5 kg dumbbell for the weighted arm,but in the state of weighting a 5 kg dumbbell the IEMG and RMS increased more significantly (P＜0.01),Meanwhile the electrical activities of the triceps brachii as an antagonistic muscle were intensively inhibited.The changes of MPF and MF of biceps brachii in the observed arms were more significant in the state of exercise fatigue than in the relaxed state (P＜0.01),but without such an impact on the triceps brachii.Conclusions The fatigue in one arm can trigger contingent changes in sEMG time domain and frequency domain indexes of its contralateral parallel muscles,suggesting that sEMG changes of upper limb proximal muscles have the co-activation effect.

Objective To study the influence of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on the pregnancy outcome and newborn rat malformation in pregnancy rats. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into control group (group A and group B) and the experimental group (group C; group D; group E). There were 10 rats in each group, the general situation,abortion rate, premature delivery rate,newborn rats numbers,weights and lengths and malformation rates were recorded. Results There was no malformation in newborn rats in all groups (P > 0. 05 ). Conclusion It was safe to undergo laparoscope operation in metaphase pregnancy with low CO2 pneumoperitoneum,which has no influence on abortion rate and malformation rate.

Central nervous system (CNS) injury, including brain injury and spinal cord injury, has higher disability and mortality. Therefore, CNS injury repair has been a research emphasis and focus in the field of neuroscience. The limited neurons intrinsic regenerative capacity in adult mammalians is one of the reasons of regeneration difficulties after CNS injury. However, the more important reason is the formation of inhibitive glial microenvironment at the local lesion sites. This article reviews the roles of all types of cells, such as astrocyte, microglia, taxi oligodendroglia in gtial microenvironment in CNS injury repair.

The application of recanalization devices in patients with acute iscbemic stroke has significantly increased the rate of vascular recanalization, however it does not significantly improve the outcome of patients. So, there have been controversies whether continue to restrict recanalization devices to clinical trials or direct transition to clinical practice in the absence of randomized controlled trial evidence.

Objective To explore the effect of cryotherapy and compression system in rehabilitation treatment for reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament.Methods One hundred and twenty patients who had been treated with reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament were randomly divided into treatment group (60 patients,treated with cryotherapy and compression system) and control group (60 patients,treated with traditional method).All patients was treated for 3 months and followed up for 6 months.The scores of visual analogue scales(VAS),degree of swelling,Lysholm and IKDC scores were observed and compared.Results The scores of VAS in treatment group postoperative 6,24 and 48 h were significantly lower than those in control group (P ＜ 0.01).The degree of swelling in two groups postoperative 6 h,12 h,24 h,48 h,1 week,2 weeks had significant difference(P ＜ 0.05).The degree of swelling in treatment group postoperative 4 weeks,3 months and 6 months was lower than that in control group,but there was no significant difference (P ＞0.05).The scores of Lysholm and IKDC in treatment group postoperative 4 weeks were (65.2 ± 12.3),(65.3 ± 14.3) scores,in control group were (60.2 ± 12.5),(59.4 ± 13.5) scores,there was significant difference (P ＜0.05).The scores of Lysholm and IKDC in two groups postoperative 3,6 months hod no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The cryotherapy and compression system in rehabilitation treatment for reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament can improve the effect of early-term rehabilitation training,but has little impact on the long-term rehabilitation training.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical epidemiologic characteristics of chronic subdural hematoma and risk factors for its recurrence so as to offer scientific basis for treatment and prognostic evaluation. MethodsA retrospective study was done on clinical data of 150 adults with chronic subdural hematoma from the Traumatic Brain Injury Database of Neurosurgery Department of General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University to analyze the clinical characteristics and the postoperative recurrence factors of the chronic subdural hematoma.ResultsHematoma volume of the patients in the recurrence group was more than that in the non-recurrence group.Age ＞ 80 years and brain atrophy were two independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence of the chronic subdural hematoma.The recurrence rate was declined with the decrease of hematoma density on CT.The recurrence rate of the chronic subdural hematoma in the high-density group was significantly higher than that in the low-and iso-density groups. ConclusionsPreoperative hematoma volume,onset age,brain atrophy and hematoma density on CT are significantly correlated with the postoperative recurrence of the chronic subdural hematoma.A detailed clinical and radiological evaluation is of great importance for the treatment and prognostic evaluation of the chronic subdural hematoma.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of tirofiban in treatment of patients with high-risk non-ST-segment elevation of acute coronary syndrome (NSTE ACS),in order to improve the level of treatment effect. Methods 90 cases with high-risk NSTE ACS from January 2011 to April 2013 were randomly divided into control group and observation group. The control group were received treatments of conventional aspirin,clopidogrel, anticoagulation,coronary angiography (CAG)and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI),while the observation group were added tirofiban therapy an the basis of control group. After the treatment,the differences of cardiovascular adverse events,thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI)flow grade and complications in both two group were observed and compared. Results There were significant differences in major adverse cardiovascular events in the distal vascular blockage,surgery without reflux,recurrent angina and myocardial infarction and post-PCI TIMI flow grade 2 and 3 (P<0.05),but not in bleeding complications,TIMI flow grade 0 and 1 before and after PCI treatment. Conclusion Tirofiban is safe and effective in treatment of high-risk NSTE ACS in interventional procedures. It can improve TIMI flow, increase tissue perfusion and reduce postoperative complications.

Unlike modern large differences between Chinese and Western medicine , in the early stage of hu-man development , the ancient Greek medicine and ancient Chinese medicine during their exploration has a remark-ably consistent .They all represent the most wisdom philosophy , and good tradition a doctor should have , and thus formed the medical ethics that affect later generations .We can see segment of a whole from the theoretical system between the earliest Chinese medical Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor which formed in the spring and autumn period and the warring states period and Hippocratic Corpus which is on behalf of the 5th century BC to the 2nd century BC, the ancient Greek medicine highest achievement .But since then , Chinese traditional medicine and Western medicine have achieved the last collision , And around the second century AD completely broke ranks .We have to seek the origins from the two kinds of heterogeneous soil China and ancient Greece .Research of the relationship be-tween the period of medicine and philosophy can help us find beneficial enlightenment for the difference .

Chronic atrophic gastritis( CAG)is a commonly seen digestive tract disease with the histopathological findings of mucosa inflammation,gland atrophy,intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. Intestinal metaplasia is considered as a typical sign of CAG. In recent years,with the rapid progress of endoscopic technique,new technology has been applied for the diagnosis of CAG. This article reviewed the advances in studies on ordinary endoscopy,narrow-band imaging technique,magnifying endoscopy,narrow-band imaging-magnifying endoscopy and confocal laser endomicroscopy for the diagnosis of CAG.

Objective To analyze the relationship between plasma copeptin level and prognosis in patients with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Methods The clinical data of 48 SAP patients from January 2010 to October 2014 were collected and another 48 patients who accepted healthexamination dur-ing the same period were selected as controls.Difference in plasma copeptin level was compared between groups.The results of APACHEⅡ,Ranson and modified Marshall scores were also collected to evaluate the severity of disease and the existence of MODS.The prevalence of pancreas and peripancreatic tissues effusion,necrosis,pancreas and peripancreatic abscess,pancreatic pseudocyst and mortality of the experi-mental group were recorded to analyze the relationship among plasma copeptin,complications and mortali-ty.Results The plasma level of copeptin of the experimental group was 0.83 ~5.49ng/ml,with a mean of(3.48 ±1.32)ng/ml;while in the control group,it was 0.09 ~1.46ng/ml,with a mean of(0.23 ± 0.06)ng/ml.There was significant difference between the groups(P <0.05).Patient with a high plasma copeptin level may have a higher risk for local complication,MODS and mortality,and there was significant difference between the groups(P <0.05).A ROC curve identified that a plasma copeptin level >4.02 ng/mL predicted in-hospital mortality of patients,with a sensitivity of 72.7%and a specificity of 81.0%(AUC =0.831,95%CI =1.051 ~1.679,P <0.001).Conclusion SAP patients have elevated levels of plasma copeptin,and higher copeptin levels predict high risks of complications and mortality.