AIM: To observe the pathological role of 3-nitrotynosine (3-NT) on Escherichia coli LPS-induced vascular hyporeactivity in rats and the therapeutic effect of antioxidants. METHODS: Forty male SD rats weighting from 200 g to 250 g were randomly divided into four groups: the control group (n=10); LPS shock group (n=10); uric acid-treated group (n=10); melatonin-treated group (n=10). 6 h after LPS shock, phenylephrine (0.5-2.5 ?g?kg -1) was applied intravenously to all groups and the percentage increase in MAP was detected, respectively. The concentration-response curve of aorta rings from all groups rats were obtained by cumulative addition of phenylephrine (PE), and PE E_ max, EC_ 50 were calculated. The concentrations of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrate/nitrite and 3-NT were assayed in all groups 6 h after LPS shock. RESULTS: The MAP level induced by PE significantly decreased to 54.60% in LPS shock rats compared with the control (P

It is of essential importance for college students to think creatively. Flexible teaching methods have been adopted during the teaching of medical writing in our university. We inspired, guided, stimulated students to develop their creative thought. The purpose of the article is to develop the creative thought of the students in medical universities.

Idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor (IOIP) is a common ophthalmic disease that severely damages the visual acuity and countenance of the patient,its etiology and pathogenesis are unclear.Many hypotheses have been proposed,including infection,autoimmunity and neuroendocrine mechanism,etc..These hypotheses reflect certain aspects of the etiology and pathogenesis of IOIP and provide information for further understanding of the disease.The research progression in the etiology and pathogenesis of IOIP was reviewed.

In recent years,immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-related disease) has received increasingly attention in medical community as a novel clinical entity.Although its clinical manifestation varies,high serum IgG4 concentration and numerous IgG4-positive plasma c(c)ll infiltration are the common characteristics.IgG4-related disease involves many human organs,and most one is pancreas,followed by parotid gland,bile duct,liver,lung,lymph node and so on,and orbital involvement is relatively rare.Current initial research shows that there is certain association between orbital disease with IgG4,and these diseases mainly include benign lymphoepithelial lesion,idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor,Castleman ' s disease,xanthogranuloma,Rosai-Dorfman disease etc..The researching progression in the relationship between IgG4 and orbital diseases is reviewed.

Idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor (IOIP) is a common ophthalmic disease with uncertain etiology and pathogenesis.It charactarized by chronic inflammatory cell infiltration and connective tissue proliferation.At present,its clinical treatments mainly include pharmacotherapy,radiation therapy and surgery,and the primary treating drugs include glucocorticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents.The mainstay of therapy is systemic glucocorticosteroids,although there is an increasing trend toward the use of alkylating agents,antimetabolites,monoclonal antibodies and other immunosuppressive agents.The progress in clinical treatment of IOIP was reviewed.

Bacterial cellulose iunique and promising material aimplantand scaffoldin tissue engineering study.Iicomposed of pure cellulose nanofibemesh spun by bacteria.Aithigh watecontenand purity,iimore biocompatible fomultiple medical applications.In addition,iieasy to control itmechanical strength,chemical structure and morphology,therefore iimore suitable to be used abiomedical material in vivo.Bacterial cellulose habeen applied atissue engineering material in clinical medical aspects,foexample,wound dressingalternatives,artificial skin,artery eluting stent,bone tissue engineering scaffold,artificial blood vessel,artificial hearvalve prosthesis.The application of bacterial cellulose ialso extended to the construction of tissue engineering corneal stromand corneal contaclens.Thipapereviewthe progresin the applying spectrum of bacterial cellulose in corneal tissue engineering and othemedical field.

Objective To explore the relative factors and prognosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Methods The clinical data of upper gastrointestinal bleeding of 502 inpatients from January 1990 to September 2004 were statistically analyzed. Results Males and middle-aged patients with hepatic cirrhosis occurred upper gastrointestinal bleeding more frequently, and the most commom causes were vessel rupture of esophage or gastric varices, portal hypertensive gastropathy, and peptic ulcer. The most common complications of upper gastrointestinal bleeding were severe bleeding shock, hepatic encephaopathy, hepatorenal syndrome,etc. Drinking wine and NSAIDs were the most common inducements of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The efficient rate of medical management was 89.84%,the death rate was 10.16%, and the most common death causes were shock of severe bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatorenal syndrome. Conclusion Sex,age, and season,etc. were related to upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Bleeding causes, liver function, complications, and age, etc. were factors affecting prognosis.

This paper aims at investigating the content of classroom-texture of the teaching cases in analytical chemistry and the basic patterns in the organization aching.Case-study method adopted in the teaching of analytical chemistry can help to train students' ability of analyzing and solving practical problems,hence motivating their comprehensive qualities.

Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanism of Ginseng polysaccharides (GPS) on glycosaminoglycan synthesis in rat chondrocytes in vitro.Methods:Chondrocytes isolated from knee joint cartilage of rats were subcultured.After monolayers were established,chondrocytes induced by 20 ng·ml-1 IL-1β were treated with GPS respectively at the concentration of 2,10 and 50 ng ·ml-1for 48 h.The effects of GPS on chondrocytes were analyzed using MTT assay for chondrocyte proliferation and 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue assay for GAG content.mRNA content in xylosyltransferase-Ⅰ(XylT-Ⅰ),galactosyltransferase-Ⅰ(GalT-Ⅰ),galactosyltransferase Ⅱ(GalT-II) and galactose-β-1,3-glucuronosyltransferase Ⅰ(GlcAT-Ⅰ) and that in matrix-degrading enzymes matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3) and aggrecanase-1and aggrecanase-2 was also detected.Results:GPS had no toxic or proliferating effect on chondrocytes at all observed concentrations.GPS at the concentrations of 10 ng·ml-1 and 50 ng·ml-1 up-regulated GAG synthesis (P<0.01).10 ng·ml-1 GPS enhanced the mRNA expression of XylT-Ⅰ (P<0.01),and 50 ng·ml-1 GPS enhanced the mRNA expression of XylT-Ⅰ,GalT-Ⅰ and GalT-II (P<0.05,P<0.01).GPS did not inhibit the mRNA expression of matrix-degrading enzymes MMP-3 and aggrecanase-1and aggrecanase-2 enhanced by IL-1β.Conclusion:GPS can improve GAG synthesis in IL-1β stimulated chondrocytes in vitro,which is due to the expression promotion of GAG synthesis enzymes without the expression inhibition of matrix-degrading enzymes.

The liver X receptor(LXR) is one of the nuclear receptors related to metabolic syndrome.LXR plays an important role in the balance of cholesterol and lipid metabolism.LXR has been found to increase the utilization of glucose,decrease the insulin resistance,and simultaneously has an adverse effect in islet β cell.LXR influences fat cell differentiation and reduces expression of the obese gene then cause obesity.It also participates the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver and control the atherosclerosis.LXR is involved in inflammatory responses in macrophages and lymphocytes.The ability of LXR to integrate metabolic and inflammatory signaling makes it particularly attractive target for intervention in human metabolic diseases.In this review,we summarize the studies of LXR,clarify the LXR in the prospects for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.