ObjectiveTo investigate the protection of extract form earthworm a traditional Chinese medicine in auricle microcirculation disturbance in mice. MethodThe microcirculation disturbance in mice was brought by rapid injection of high molecule dextran. Observe the microvascular diameter,the blood flow speed,the blood fluid state and crossing net patency quantity of micrangium in mice before injection and after injection 10min,20min,30min with WX-9 microcirculation microscope and analytical system. ResultHigh and low dose of extract form earthworm could expend the diameter of the vein and artery of micrangium, quicken the blood flow speed,improve the blood fluid state,increase micrangium crossing net patefaction numbers. To compare with the control group, threr’s significant difference (P

Objective To investigate the influences of blast wave overpressure created by explosion on rat's blood-brain barrier (BBB),and to provide an experimental evidence for further elucidating the mechanism of craniocerebral blast injury,to help direct the clini- cal therapeutic strategy.Methods Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:15min,12h and 24h post- explosion groups and normal control group with five rats for each group.Rats were injured with blast wave produced by explosion.Evan 's blue(EB)was intravenously injected into the injured rats,and the overpressure-induced leakage of BBB was examined under the fluores- cence microscope and by quantitative observation with opacimeter.Results Extensive impairment of BBB could be seen all over the brain 15 min after the overpressure explosion,and bright red EB fluorescent patches appeared as a method distributing along the capillary vessels. These patches were more distinct near the cerebral cortex,and with the lapse of time,their number decreased gradually from the inner to the outer areas.The changes in EB contents in brain tissue matched with that of the BBB.The EB contents in brain tissues in 15min group were(330.4?53.6)?g/g,and it was much higher compared with that of other groups(P

Keratoconus is a progressive and bilateral corneal disease with the characteristics of the protrusion of the dilated and central thinning cornea.Keratoconus often causes myopia and irregular astigmatism, and corneal edema and scarring in the late stage, leads to significant vision loss, and brings patients psychological pressure and economic burden.Eye rubbing is an important risk factor of keratoconus.Many studies suggest that eye rubbing is related to the occurrence and development of keratoconus.Different frequency and intensity of eye rubbing have different effects on the cornea.In susceptible population, eye rubbing causes severer damage to the cornea and more serious consequences.Eye rubbing damages the cornea by direct mechanical action, raising corneal temperature and intraocular pressure and releasing inflammatory factors resulting in cell apoptosis.Avoiding eye rubbing is of great significance in delaying the development of keratoconus.Reducing the rubbing time and frequency of patients with keratoconus by treating the primary disease causing eye rubbing and distracting them can reduce the occurrence and slow down the progression of keratoconus, and the life quality of patients can be improved.In this review, the role of eye rubbing in the etiology of keratoconus was elucidated to provide reference for the treatment and prevention of keratoconus.

Corneal densitometry is a biological property of corneal tissue, which is related to the transparency of cornea, and can be used to describe the degree of corneal transparency.At present, corneal densitometry has been used in the auxiliary diagnosis and severity evaluation of corneal diseases, as well as in the evaluation of the surgical outcome and the postoperative follow-up, even some systemic diseases affecting the cornea.The measurement of corneal densitometry is an objective, non-invasive and repeatable method to evaluate corneal transparency, which has important reference values for the monitoring of corneal and systemic health.In this article, the application of corneal densitometry in clinical practices was reviewed.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and pcrcutaneous transhcpatic insertion of biliary stent (PTIBS) for malignant biliary obstruction.Methods PTBD or PTIBS were performed in 56 patients with malignant biliary obstruction, which were aused by hepatic carcinoma (n = 14), biliary duct carcinoma (n = 11), gallbladder carcinoma (n = 5),stomach carcinoma accompanied with metastasis of lymph node (n = 14), carcinoma of ampulla (n = 1 ) or carcinoma of pancreatic head (n = 11 ). The diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasonography, CT or MRI in all patients. The obstructed site was well identified, including high obstruction in 19 patients and lower obstruction in 37 patients. Based on the imaging findings, suitable interventional procedure was employed.Results PTBD or PTIBS were performed successfully in all 56 patients, of them PTBD was adopted in 11,PTIBS in 40 and both PTBD and PTIBS in 5. The serum total bilirubin decreased from (295.65±152.86)μmol/L before the procedure to (151.05 ± 107.36) μmol/L after the procedure, (P < 0.01 ). Postoperative infection could affect the fading of jaundice (P < 0.01 ), but the location of the obstruction carried no relationship with the fading of jaundice (P = 0.063). Conclusion Both PTBD and PTIBS are safe and effective palliative therapies for malignant biliary obstruction, which can markedly relieve patient of jaundice,improve the quality of life and elongate the survival period.

ObjectiveTo explore the changes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain of mice after irradiated by electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and therapeutic effect of curcumin.Methods40 mice were divided randomly into the bare control group, simply EMR group, EMR+curcumin low dose, middle dose and high dose groups total 5 groups with 8 animals in each group. The mice except the bare control group received EMR irradiation and those in the EMR+curcumin groups were given various doses of curcumin at the same time. Five days later, EMR irradiation and medication stopped, and the levels of SOD, GSH-Px and MDA in the brain of mice were tested.ResultsCompared with the bare control group, the activities of GSH-Px and SOD, and level of MDA all increased in the mice irradiated by EMR ( P<0.05). Compared with the simply EMR group, the activities of GSH-Px and SOD, and level of MDA all decreased in the mice of EMR +curcumin groups ( P<0.05).ConclusionEMR irradiation can induce changes of GSH-Px and SOD and peroxidation of mice brain, curcumin can lighten these damages by its anti-oxidation with a dose-dependent effect.

In the process of MPH graduates education in medical universities , there are three problems such as lack of initiative subjective of postgraduate, uneven level of tutors and monitoring defi-ciency of education. The main reasons are the low quality of MPH graduates, lack of quality consciousness for graduates education and graduates’ value tending to be utilitarian. Facing the problems, we suggest establishing guarantee mechanism for MPH graduate education quality, strengthening the tutors’ construc-tion and framing an eliminating system.

ObjectiveTo explore the particular inner world of the children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)with the sandplay therapy and the initial sandtray's clinical diagnosis role and value on the ADHD.MethodsThe differences of the initial sandtrays between 28 children with ADHD and 24 normal children were compared.Results 1.On the use of toys,the experimental group was significantly higher in transports ((5.04 ±6.60),(1.38 ±2.12),t=2.73) and lower in stones((0.00 ±0.00),(8.00 ± 12.33),t=-3.18).2.On the scene of sandtrays,the experimental group was significantly higher in the fight( x2 =12.96,P ＜ 0.01 ),dynamic scenes ( x2 =13.37,P ＜ 0.01 ).3.On the use of self-images,the experimental group was lower than the normal children,and the differences were significant ( x2 =4.75,P ＜ 0.05 ).4.There were no significant differences in the use of sand between two groups( x2 =3.46,P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionThe results show that the children with ADHD have significantly characteristics in sandtrays.Initial sandtray is valuable to be an aid to clinical diagnosis and intervention means.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ )infusion on renal c-Abl expression in vivo,and on podocyte c-Abl expression change in cultured mouse podocytes.Methods Twenty four male Sprague-Dawley rats (Group C,D,E and F) were assigned to receive Ang Ⅱ(400 ng· kg-1 min-1) by osmotic minipump and of which 12 rats (Group D and F) were assigned to receive telmisartan (3 mg·kg-1·d-1),six rats received normal saline(Group B),and six rats were used as normal control(Group A).Animals were sacrificed at day 14 (Group C and D),day 28 (Group E and F) respectively.Conditionally immortalized mouse podocytes were used in vitro.Podocytes were studied 2 weeks after thermoswitching from 33℃ to 37℃.Cells were fetal bovine serum(FBS) starved for at least 12 hours prior to stimulation.The cultured podocytes were treated withAngⅡdosesranging from10 -9 mol/L to10 -6 mol/L andfor differenthours.Expression of renal and podocytes c-Abl was examined by immunofluorescence staining,real-time PCR and Western blotting.Results(1) Distribution of c-Abl expression was mainly in the cytoplasm and nuclear of the podocytes in vivo and in vitro. (2) Expressions of c-Abl mRNA and protein wereincreasedinAng Ⅱ-infusedratpodocytesandAng Ⅱ-inducedculturedmouse podocytes(P＜0.05),and the effects of Ang Ⅱ were dose-dependent and time-dependent in vitro.Conclusion There are c-Abl mRNA and protein expression in podocytes,and c-Abl may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Ang Ⅱ -induced podocyte injury.