The egg laying capacity of Fibricola seoulensis was observed in mice and rats. In mice, the mean number of eggs produced by an adult worm a day was 116 at the first week after infection, 123 at the 2nd week and 42 at the 3rd week. Thereafter, the capacity of about 20 eggs/worm/day was maintained up to one year period. In rats, it generally produced more eggs; 49 at 1 week, 250 at 2 weeks, 216 at 4 weeks, 327 at 6 months and 11 at one year after infection. It survived longer than a year in mice and rats.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Fibricola seoulensis ; egg

The pattern of sensory papillae, chaetotaxy, of the cercaria of Clonorchis sinensis was observed. The chaetotaxy was as follows; 5-6 Ci l, 4-5 Ci 2, 5-6 Ci 3 at lst row, 4 Cii 1, 2 Cii 2, 4 Cii 3, 5-6 Cii 4 at 2nd row, 3-4 Ciii 1, 2-3 Ciii 2 at 3rd row, and 2 Civ 1, 2-3 Civ 2, 2-3 Civ 3, at 4th row, in cephalic region; 2 AiV, l AiD, 2 AiiV, 1 AiiD, 2 AiiiV, 2 AiiiD, 1 AivV, 1 AivD, 1 PiiD, l PiiiD, in ventral(V) and dorsal(D) portions of body. Caudal region revealed 2-2-2-2 formula.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; cercaria

The present study was performed to observe the ultrastructure of the integument of adult Paragonimus westermani. Dogs experimentally infected with 60 metacercariae of P. westermani were autopsied 4 months after the infection. Adult P. westermani were extracted from the dogs and the fine structure was studied by means of scanning and transmission electron microscope. The findings are as follows: Scanning electron microscopic findings showed that the spines and the papillae are distributed at whole body surface but the well developed spines or papaillae are shown around the oral suckrer and ventral sucker. At the end of the body, excretory pore was found, the shape was irregular. Transmission electron microscopic findings showed that plasma membrane, tegument, basal lamina, connective tissue, circular muscle layer, longitudinal muscle layer, nerve axon and tegumental cell were observed. In higher magnification, plasma membrane and bar-shaped granules were found at the outer surface of the tegument.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Paragonimus westermani ; electron microscopy

In this study the authors examined the protein components at various stages of Clonorchis sinensis, and those of tegument and metabolite of adult Clonorchis by using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunodiffusion. The following results were obtained: The protein components of C. sinensis were gradually changed during its development. A considerable change occurred during the initial 7 days after the metacercarial infection. Two bands of protein of about 97,000 molecular weight (MW) and 178,000 MW were unique to excysted metacercaria of C. sinensis. Other 2 bands of protein of 23,000 and 25,000 MW which were absent in metacercariae, might be associated with the development of sex organs in adult. In the metabolite, some components of tegumental proteins were detected. And this tegumental protein components in metabolite seems to be the major antigenic components reacting with infected rabbit antiserum by immunodiffusion. Twenty bands of protein were detected in the isolated adult tegument. Among them 6 bands were in 97,000-65,000 MW, 3 bands in 56,000-53,000 MW and 5 bands in 37,000-30,000 MW. On the other hand, in metabolic products of adult C. sinensis, 17 bands were detected.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; biochemistry ; protein

Tegumental ultrastructures of Echinochasmus japonicus were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The worms were recovered from albino rats which were experimentally infected with the metacercariae obtained from Pseudorasbora parva. Followings are summarized findings. The worms were minute and plumpy gourd-shaped with attenuated anterior and round posterior end. The tegument of whole body was wrinkled transversely and covered with cobblestone-like cytoplasmic processes. Head crown was armed with 24 collar spines which were embedded in cytoplasmic pockets. The spines were arranged in a row with an interruption at dorsomedian line, however, the 2nd and the 4th spines were outstretched more than others. Oral and ventral suckers were muscular with numerous type II sensory papillae, and genital pore opened between the two suckers. Tegumental spines were spade-shaped with broad base and pointed tip. They were compact in ventro-lateral tegument or dorsal surface of anterior body. The were not found between the two suckers and dorsal surface of posterior body. Two types of sensory papillae, uni-ciliated (Type I) and roundly swollen sensory papillae (Type II), were observed. The type I papillae were chiefly distributed on ventral surface of tegument and type II were on the lips of suckers. Arrangement of collar spines, shape and distribution of tegumental spines or sensory papillae are regarded as characteristic features of E. japonicus.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Echinochasmus japonicus ; electronmicroscopy

This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of peritoneal exudate cells in the transfer of immunity against the liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis in the inbred BALB/c mice. Ten donor mice were divided into 2 groups. One group consisted of 5 mice was infected orally with 20 metacercariae of C. sinensis, and the other group was injected intraperitoneally with 20 excysted larvae. Thirty days after immunization, the peritoneal exudate cells were obtained from the donor mice. Twenty recipient mice were divided into 4 equal groups for the purpose of primary immunization. The mice of Group I were injected intraperitoneally with 2 x 10(6) peritoneal exudate cells of the donor mice infected orally, those of Group III were injected intraperitoneally with 2 x 10(6) peritoneal exudate cells of the donor mice injected intraperitoneally. Those of Group II were injected orally with 20 metacercariae of C. sinensis. The group IV mice served as controls. Four days after the primary immunization all recipient mice were challenged orally with 20 metacercariae of C. sinensis, and then killed 30 days after the challenging infection. When the peritoneal exudate cells were injected into the recipient mice, pronounced reduction in eggs per gram of the feces was found in the mice of Group I and Group II, but no reduction in those of Group III. In the worm burdens of C. sinensis, the number of flukes found in the mice of Group II was only significantly less than those in the control group(IV). In addition the number of plaque forming cells per spleen in the mice of Group II was found larger than those in Group I. It is likely that donor peritoneal exudate cells transferred to the recipients might result in the production of relative immunity.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; immunology ; mouse

As a series of systematic classification for Korean common liver fluke, Fasciola sp., karyotype was investigated by means of the modified air-drying technique and of the regular Giemsa staining, Also, C-staining method was applied for detailed karyological analysis from the germ cells of the fluke. The following is a brief summary of the leading facts gained through the experiment. Korean Fasciola sp. was classified into three types based on their chromosomal complements; individuals with 20 or 30 chromosomes and with a 20/30 mosaic constitution. Worms having 30 chromosomes represent a triploid form with 3 sets of 10 basic chromosomes, while those with 20 chromosomes were diploid and mosaic individuals were 2n/3n mixoploid. The frequency of the individual type calculated is as follows; 67.45% of 212 flukes examined was of diploid, 10.85%, triploid, and the rest, 21.7%, mixoploid, respectively. In many cases, two or three types were found in the peculiar bovine host while single type inhabitant was about 20% out of 52 cases. The twenty chromosomes consisted of 1 parir of large metacentrics, 4 pairs of medium-sized subtelocentrics, and 5 pairs of small submetacentrics, while constitution of the thirty chromosomes was nearly interpreted as a triploid form with 3 sets of 10 basic chromosomes. The high centromeric indexes of both types are the first pairs among all the examined, and 37.93% was of diploid and 47.93%, triploid, respectively. In mixoploid individuals, constitution of the chromosomes of diploid or triploid cells was the same as that of diploid or triploid individuals. All the chromosomes of the germ cells in both types showed C-band around the centromeic region and especially the chromosomes no's 3, 7, and 8 showed a remarkable C-band distinguished from other chromosomes. The variance for the sizes of the worms and the eggs were not parallel with three different genotypes in Korean common liver fluke.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Fasciola sp. ; karyotype ; taxonomy

Adult Clonorchis sinensis were collected from the biliary passage of nine cases of medico-legal autopsies. The worms were washed repeatedly with tap water and rinsed twice with physiological saline. Incubation took place in Tyrode's medium in order to recover live worms. The number of worms surviving in the medium was determined. The rate of surviving worms showed an unexpectedly high percentage (22.8%) in those cases autopsied 2 days after death. The surviving worm burden dropped sharply to 6.3 and 9.2 percent for those samples taken 5 days after death.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; autopsy

Thin layer immunoassay was carried out to demonstrate antibodies against Clonorchis sinensis in sera from clonorchiasis patients. Saline extract of adult worm was used as antigen. TIA technique was performed as described earlier by Elwing et al. (1976), but agarose was used instead of agar. The antibody titres of sera in 60 clonorchiasis cases were higher than that of 10 healthy and 10 amoebiasis cases, but not different comparing with that of 10 paragonimiasis cases. Antibody titres in clonorchiasis gave no differences according to the age, sex, EPG in feces, eosinophilia degree of blood, level of alkaline phosphatase and transaminase (SGOT, SGPT) in sera. It is suggested that, after evaluation, the TIA might supplement or be used as an alternative to other immunodiagnostic tests already in use for the diagnosis of clonorchiasis.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; clonorchiasis ; immunology

Thin layer immunoassay was carried out to demonstrate antibodies against Clonorchis sinensis in sera from clonorchiasis patients. Saline extract of adult worm was used as antigen. TIA technique was performed as described earlier by Elwing et al. (1976), but agarose was used instead of agar. The antibody titres of sera in 60 clonorchiasis cases were higher than that of 10 healthy and 10 amoebiasis cases, but not different comparing with that of 10 paragonimiasis cases. Antibody titres in clonorchiasis gave no differences according to the age, sex, EPG in feces, eosinophilia degree of blood, level of alkaline phosphatase and transaminase (SGOT, SGPT) in sera. It is suggested that, after evaluation, the TIA might supplement or be used as an alternative to other immunodiagnostic tests already in use for the diagnosis of clonorchiasis.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; clonorchiasis ; immunology