The epidemiological research on mental health in China has undergone decades of development, transitioning from multi-regional surveys to nationally representative studies. In 1982, Academician Shen Yucun led a team to complete the first national survey in 12 regions, revealing a point prevalence rate of 10.54‰. In 1993, the point prevalence rate in the second national survey in 7 regions rose to 11.18‰. In 2002, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI)-3.0 and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fouth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ) standards were first applied in the surveys in urban Beijing and Shanghai to achieve international standards, but the representativeness of urban samples was limited. Subsequent regional studies contributed methodological insights toward a nationally representative survey. From 2013 to 2015, a research team led by Professor Huang Yueqin, in collaboration with 43 institutions, completed the China Mental Health Survey (CMHS), covering 32 552 community adults in 157 counties/districts in 31 provinces/autonomous. This study represents the first nationally representative epidemiological survey of mental disorders in China. The main results showed that the lifetime prevalence of mental disorders among adults in Chinese communities with depressive disorders was 16.6%, including 7.4% for mood disorders and 7.6% for anxiety disorders. Only 9.5% of patients with depressive disorders received treatment, and the full treatment rate was as low as 0.5%. Further surveys based on the CMHS framework in regions such as Ningxia, Urumqi, and Inner Mongolia confirmed the high risk of disease among rural women in western China and the widespread phenomenon of inadequate treatment. The results of CMHS methodology was transformed into the national Guidelines and Technical Standards for Epidemiological Investigation of Community Mental Disorders (2015 Edition) and software copyright, and the main data had been published in The Lancet Psychiatry. It has been used to guide the formulation of policies such as the Healthy China Action (2019-2030). CMHS establishing a complete process from scientific investigation to policy translation, filling the data gap at the national level, providing a replicable paradigm for the world, especially for developing countries, and marking a new stage of evidence-based decision-making in China's mental health epidemiological research.
China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology* ; Health Surveys/history* ; Mental Health/statistics & numerical data* ; Prevalence ; Adult ; Female ; Male

The paper introduces Professor FANG Yigong 's experience in treating pelvic congestion syndrome with acupuncture. Professor FANG believes that the stagnation in the thoroughfare and conception vessels, retarded circulation of qi and blood, and the obstruction of blood flow in the uterus are implicated in the pathogenesis of pelvic congestion syndrome. In clinical practice, according to the pathogenesis, focusing on regulating the functions of the thoroughfare and conception vessels, the thinking of treatment is summarized as "resolving the stasis and stopping pain by regulating the thoroughfare and conception vessels", "selecting the points based on their indications" and "tranquilizing the mind and harmonizing the physical and mental states". The main points are Baihui (GV20), Shenting (GV24), Benshen (GB13), Zhongwan (CV12), Tianshu (ST25), Guanyuan (CV4), Dahe (KI12), and Zigong (EX-CA1). The supplementary points are used in terms of the etiology and symptoms. During acupuncture, attention should be paid to the application of Xiaoyao Tiaoshen technique of acupuncture and mutual harmonization of the mind in acupuncture operator and patient. This summary may provide a new approach to the treatment of pelvic congestion syndrome.
Female ; Humans ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; History, 21st Century ; Pelvic Pain/therapy* ; Pelvis/pathology*

The points of Chongmai (thoroughfare vessel) recorded in Huangdi Neijing (The Yellow Emperor 's Inner Classic) were shared with those of foot-shaoyin meridian in Zhenjiu Jiayi Jing (The Systematic Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion). Since the Song Dynasty, all of these points were gradually reassigned to the foot-shaoyin meridian, in the way of "the points of foot-shaoyin meridian, and the confluence points of Chongmai ". The paper presents the evolution of the meridian tropism of these points and analyzes the underlying causative factors. It is proposed that Chongmai was developed in the later time, based on the abdominal pulsating blood vessels and mixed with the theories of other meridians that had been earlier formed. It is pointed that the functions of these points on the abdomen are extensive, without the clear meridian specificity. It is rational why the association of these points with meridian is ambiguous. Besides, the relevant theory and practice of this specificity also affect the evolution of the attribution of Chongmai points. Based on the above analysis, the paper presents the exploration on the theories and the problems of theoretic construction such as the relationship between meridians and acupoints, between the regular meridians and the extraordinary meridians, and the ways of the related expressions and descriptions.
Humans ; Meridians ; Acupuncture Points ; History, Ancient ; Medicine in Literature/history* ; China

Through analyzing the every textual research literature on the origin of the location method of ashi points, it is pointed out that the location method of ashi points has been generalized. It is known through systematic research and theoretical identification that this method refers to the simple way to locate the points, originated from the folk, and it is widely used to find the sites for pain relief when compared to the official education of meridians and acupoints, as well as treatment. At the time with the shortage of medical services and supplies, the poor people had no alternative, which results in a certain limitation. Modern acupuncture practitioners must associate ashi points with the acupoints of fourteen meridians and the extraordinary points in clinical practice, and deepen the exploration with modern medical knowledge and technology adopted.
Humans ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Meridians ; History, Ancient ; Medicine in Literature ; China

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the disease patterns and acupoint selection characteristics of acupuncture for epilepsy in ancient acupuncture texts, providing references and ideas for clinical acupuncture treatment of epilepsy. METHODS: Texts from the Chinese Medical Classics (5th edition) regarding acupuncture for epilepsy are reviewed. The frequency of acupoints, meridian association, distribution, specific points, corresponding epilepsy subtypes, and needling techniques are statistically analyzed. The Apriori algorithm is used for association rule analysis, and a complex network analysis is conducted for high-frequency acupoints and their corresponding subtypes and treatments. RESULTS: A total of 205 acupuncture prescriptions are identified. Ancient texts favored differentiation-based treatments for epilepsy, primarily classified into epilepsy, wind epilepsy, and five epilepsy. Commonly used acupoints include Baihui (GV20), Jiuwei (CV15), Shenmen (HT7), Shenting (GV24), and Xinshu (BL15), with a focus on the acupoints of the governor vessel, the bladder meridian, and the conception vessel. The acupoints on the head, face are combined with the acupoints on the limbs, with skillful use of the five-shu points and intersection acupoints. The most frequent combinations are Shenmen (HT7)-Baihui (GV20), Shenting (GV24)-Baihui (GV20), and Xinshu (BL15)-Shenmen (HT7). Visual network analysis revealed that Baihui (GV20)-Shenting (GV24), Baihui (GV20)-Shenmen (HT7), and Baihui (GV20)-Zhaohai (KI6) are core acupoint combinations. Treatment mainly involved moxibustion or combined acupuncture and moxibustion. CONCLUSION The acupoint selection for epilepsy treatment in ancient texts is precise, frequently using Baihui (GV20), Jiuwei (CV15), Shenmen (HT7), Shenting (GV24), and Xinshu (BL15), etc., with emphasis on calming epilepsy, awakening the spirit, relaxing tendons, and nourishing the heart.
Acupuncture Points ; Humans ; Epilepsy/history* ; History, Ancient ; Acupuncture Therapy/history* ; Medicine in Literature/history* ; Meridians ; China

The academic thought of Professor GAO Shuzhong on acupuncture and moxibustion is investigated systematically and summarized as 5 aspects: establishing GAO 's theory and methodological method of "siguan santong" (four gates and three opens); structuring the theory of "yinyang, qi movement, ascending and descending" pivoted at the umbilicus; deepening the laws of "stereo-layered holographic correspondence in the human body"; proposing "the method of bi-location" of acupoint systems based on meridian and collateral theories; developing the characteristic differentiation theory of acupuncture and moxibustion. These summaries reflect the unique perspective and distinctive features of Professor GAO Shuzhong on the theory of acupuncture and moxibustion, and his clinical thinking; and bring the practical significance for the discipline and academic development of acupuncture and moxibustion.
Moxibustion/history* ; Humans ; China ; Acupuncture/education* ; Acupuncture Therapy/history* ; History, 20th Century

The paper summarizes Professor YANG Jun's experience in treatment of refractory facial paralysis with the refined mode of acupuncture and moxibustion, so as to provide new ideas and methods for the disease treated with acupuncture and moxibustion. Professor YANG Jun puts forward the refined mode of diagnosis and treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion for refractory facial paralysis. On the basis of syndrome/pattern differentiation of TCM, combined with meridian theory and modern anatomy, the symptom differentiation and meridian differentiation are performed accurately. By selecting local acupoints (e.g. Touwei [ST8], Sibai [ST2], Cuanzhu [BL2] and Yangbai [GB14]), distal acupoints (e.g. Zusanli [ST36], Hegu [LI4] and Jinsuo [GV8]), specific acupoints (e.g.Qianzheng [EX-HN16] and Touqiaoyin [GB11]) and the acupoints for regulating the mind (e.g. Dazhui [GV14] and Shuigou [GV26]), the prescription is composed. The different needling techniques are delivered at the acupoints (e.g. point-to-point needling with long needle, stuck needling by lifting and dragging, and balance needling on the healthy side). Besides, the facial rehabilitation is considered as the adjuvant treatment. This mode of treatment obtains the precise diagnosis and treatment to achieve the utmost therapeutic effects.
Humans ; Moxibustion ; Acupuncture Therapy/history* ; Facial Paralysis/therapy* ; Acupuncture Points ; Male ; Meridians ; Female ; History, 21st Century ; History, 20th Century

Professor LI Zhidao puts forward the application of "group acupoints" in his clinical practice by imitating the mutual reinforcement and mutual assistance of Chinese herbal medicine. It is based on the theory as "where is the acupoint located, what are the indications of this acupoint"; and consists with the specific actions of ancient needling techniques at acupoints. The distribution of "group acupoints" is in line with the "located by the region division of the head and trunk, and by the meridians on the four extremities", which is recorded in Zhenjiu Jiayi Jing (the Systematic Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion). It shows "the importance of the relationship between acupoints and zangfu", and "the emphasis on the distribution of nerves and muscles" respectively. In clinical practice, controlling needling sensation is the essence of this technique at "group acupoints", the integration of acupoints and needling technique is the basic requirement, and the step-by-step needling manipulation is critical for obtaining the therapeutic effect. "Group acupoints" combined with specific needling technique advance the application efficiency and the effect of acupoints.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Humans ; China ; History, 20th Century ; Meridians ; Medicine in Literature ; Acupuncture/history*

The paper introduces Professor ZHUANG Lixing's academic thought on Daoqi Tongjing (directing qi to preserve essence) needling technique and the clinical experience. Based on Huangdi Neijing (the Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic), Dongyuan needling technique and Professor JIN Rui 's Daoqi Tongjing needling method, and by inheriting the valuable experience from the ancient masters and associating with his own clinical practices, Professor ZHUANG Lixing fully displayes the characteristics of principles, methods, formulas, acupoints and techniques of acupuncture in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. He integrates the thought of regulating the mind with Daoqi Tongjing needling. This needling method focuses on directing qi through mind regulation and needle manipulation, in which, the operation steps are refined. Besides, this needling method involves both the reinforcing and reducing techniques. The satisfactory effect of this needling has been obtained in clinical treatment for many disorders such as qi reversion and disharmony of yin and yang.
Acupuncture Therapy/instrumentation* ; Humans ; Acupuncture Points ; China ; Qi ; History, Ancient ; Medicine in Literature

By analyzing the understandings of water points (acupoints connected with the kidney) and its association with water (kidney), zangfu organs and meridian-collateral recorded in Suwen: Shuire Xue Lun (Discussion on Water and Heat Diseases in Plain Question), it is found that the recognition on the water points is different from that on water diseases in Huangdi Neijing (the Yellow Emperor 's Inner Classic). The recognition on the water points focuses on the core theory, "rooted at the kidney", to explain the water diseases. Besides, in association with the study on the connotation of "luo" in Huangdi Neijing, it is discovered that "yinluo" discussed in water points is actually the misunderstanding of "zang zhi yinluo" that means "the connection by the kidney". It is shown that the discussion of water points refer to the elaboration of zangfu organs and 57 acupoints connected with water (the kidney), rather than the theory of collaterals. The characteristics of these 57 acupoints involved and the related needling techniques provide a new approach to the treatment of zangfu diseases.
Acupuncture Points ; Humans ; Meridians ; China ; History, Ancient ; Medicine in Literature ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/history* ; Acupuncture Therapy/history*