Objective　To study the pattern of activities of microglia, the patholgical changes of chronically hypoperfused brain of rats and the interrelationship between them. Methods　Model of chronically hypoperfused brain was established in rat by the ligation of both common carotid arteries, and the histopathological changes of brain were observed with light microscope. The activity of microglia of the brain were also observed with immunohistochemistry method and the number of microglia was measured with image analyzer. Results　Extensive activation of microglia was observed after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and the activation was increased with the elapse of time of hypoperfusion. There were obvious pathological change in the brain after the chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, such as myelinic degeneration and formation of glial nodule in white matter. After treated with cyclosporin A, the number of microglia was obviously reduced, but the pathological change was evidently decreased. Conclusion　The activation of microglia resulted from chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is relates to the pathological changes of the brain. However, cyclosporin A can decrease the pathological change and inhibit the activation of microglia.

Objective To investigate and analyse the effect of PBL teaching method on the clincal medical students of different level,furthermore,to provide an effective guide for biochemistry teaching method reform.Methods Comparing the results of traditional teaching method and PBL teaching method in biochemistry on the clinical medical students of different level,and analyzing the applicable of PBL to various students.Results The seven-year students had a significant higher score in sum record by using PBL teaching method(P

Beta2 adrenergic receptor (β2 AR) is one member of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), which is a key pharmaceutical target in the treatment of asthma. Evolutionary trace (ET) method was employed to analyze AR sequences and 44 conserved residues were identified. Then molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of the β2 wild-type receptor, D130N active mutant and D79N inactive mutant were carried out and tried to explore the structural/dynamic features characterizing functionally different states of the receptor,by means of investigating ET identified conserved basic residues in the wild-type receptor and its two mutants. Particularly, it was found that the departing of D130 from R131 of DRY motif and approaching to K149 are highly correlated with the receptor activation,and the movement of helix 2, 4 and 6 upon receptor activation is inferred from the observation that R151 and K270 interact with other residues in the receptor active state on the basis of little change of the side chain orientations. The results might provide further insights into the activating mechanism of β2 AR mutants, as well as the molecular bases of the diseases induced by the mutations of the receptor.

Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis is one of the important causes of ischemic stroke. It is of vital importance to guide clinical treatment using imaging methods to diagnose intracranial artery stenosis and accurately assess the degree of stenosis. This article reviews the advantages and shortcomings,advances and clinical application values of diagnosing intracranial artery stenosis using transcranial Doppler ultrasound,transcranial color-coded duplex sonography,intravascular ultrasound,magnetic resonance angiography,computed tomography angiography,and digital subtract angiography,which will provide references for clinicians to select ideal checking tools.

Haizhenyuye(HY) is a nourishment made from fresh Stichopus japonicus Se-lecka and traditional Chinese medicine herbs. It can enhance hematopoiesical and immuologi-cal function, prevent and treat a decrease in the WBC Count caused by cyclophosphamide (CTX). Through prevention effect on rats by HY, we can prove that HY can increase the levels of WBC,Hb,PC,reticulocytes and improve hematopiesis. HY is a marine nourishment with great values.

Objective To establish a method for determination of total soluble solids (TDS) in self-provided well water .Methods The conductivity meter which has a function of determination of total soluble solid ,and was used to directly determinate the total soluble solids in self-provided well water .Results Compared with national standard method ,the results have no significant differ-ence .The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0 .17% -0 .22% ,and the recovery rates of standard was 97 .5% -98 .6% .Conclu-sion The method is quick ,simple ,sensitive ,accurate and suitable for rapid determination of large quantities of waters .

In this study, to analyze the influence of the brightness value of the supranasal point and the apex nasi on their dominant wavelength and excitation purity according to the spectrocolorimetry data of the supranasal point and the apex nasi in healthy adults that were collected based on optical spectrum colorimetry.

Objective To evaluate the value of the short-segment nerve conduction studies (SSCSs, inching test) in the diagnosis and localization of cubital tunnel syndrome (CubTS).Methods The clinical and electrophysiologic data of 46 patients (92 limbs from 32 men and 14 women, aged from 19 to 59 years, with average age of 41.2 years) with CubTS were collected.The symptoms occurred in unilateral arm in 41 patients and bilateral arms in 5 patients, involving 35 left arms and 16 right arms.SSCSs were performed in both arms in all the 46 patients.Sixty ulnar nerves were studied in 30 healthy control subjects using SSCSs.Results The 51 symptomatic arms with CubTS were abnormal in long segment motor nerve conduction studies.There were 68 abnormal arms ( 51 symptomatic arms, 17 asymptomatic arms ) in SSCSs.The lesions were located 2 cm proximal to the elbow-the elbow segment ( AE2-E ) in 41 arms (44.6%),the elbow-2 cm distal to the elbow segment (E-BE2) in 23 arms (25%), 4 cm proximal to the elbow-2 cm proximal to the elbow segment (AE4-AE2) in 18 arms (19.6%), 6 cm proximal to the elbow-4 cm proximal to the elbow segment (AE6-AE4) in 9 arms (9.8%), 2 cm distal to the elbow-4 cm distal to the elbow segment (BE2-BE4) in 8 arms(8.6%) and 4 cm distal to the elbow-6 cm distal to the elbow segment (BE4-BE6) in 6 arms(6.5%),respectively.Conclusions SSCSs are more sensitive in detecting CubTS than the conventional long segment motor conduction studies.SSCSs could precisely localize the entrapment lesions in patients with CubTS ,might be a useful tool for the detection of ulnar mononeuropathy at the elbow, especially for diagnosing the patients with CubTS who have no clinical features or have a normal long segmental nerve conduction findings.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and analyze the molecular genetics of a pedigree of limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD).Methods Pedigree analysis and clinical examination were performed in one four-generation family with LGMD.Electrophysiology and muscle biopsy were done in the affected members.With an informed consent, gene mutation, genome screening and linkage analysis were conducted in 26 members of this pedigree.Results Seven patients were identified.Pedigree analysis was consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance.Affected members had early presentation.Main features included proximal muscle weakness without dysarthria nor spasticity; electrophysiology and muscle biopsy revealed myopathic changes.LGMD1 A, 1B, 1C and facioscapulohumeral dystrophy genes were not detected by gene mutation analysis.Genome screening and linkage analysis did not reveal any linkage with the disease-causing gene and the reported loci of LGMD1D and LGMD1F genes.Conclusions The clinical manifestations of this LGMD family are highly heterogeneous, and the disease-causing gene of this family is not linked to any of the reported sites, suggesting this may be a new disease-causing locus, or a new genetic type of LGMD.