Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of statutory infectious diseases in Yichang City from 2015 to 2023 and evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in infectious disease prevention and control, and to provide a basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze annual incidence rates. SARIMA and SARIMA intervention models were constructed to predict the incidence rates of infectious diseases. Interrupted time series analysis (ITS) was applied to assess the control effectiveness. Results The average annual incidence rate from 2015 to 2023 was 787.47/100 000, with the top five diseases being influenza, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, and diarrheal diseases. The average incidence rate from 2015 to 2019 (654.31/100 000) was significantly higher than that from 2020 to 2022 (489.01/100 000) (χ²= 3 499.6, P < 0.05). The total incidence rate in 2023 (2 396.51/100 000) was significantly higher than the average annual incidence rates from 2015-2019 (χ²= 108 186.1, P < 0.05) and 2020-2022 (χ²= 112 869.4, P < 0.05). SARIMA model results indicated that the actual incidence rate from 2020 to 2022 decreased by 73.49% compared to the predicted rate without intervention, with the highest decline observed in respiratory infectious diseases (79.57%). The SARIMA-intervention model showed a 55.48% relative decrease in the total incidence rate for 2023, with the largest reduction in respiratory infectious diseases (63.28%) and a slight increase in intestinal infectious diseases (5.48%). Conclusion NPIs effectively reduce the incidence of statutory infectious diseases in the short term, especially for acute respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases. However, long-term effectiveness faces challenges, necessitating the development of differentiated prevention and control strategies.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism by which Notoginsenoside R1 （NGR1） ameliorates hypoxia/reoxygenation （H/R）-induced injury in AC16 human cardiomyocyte cell lines through the regulation of mitophagy. MethodsCommon genes linked to hypoxia/reoxygenation injury and mitophagy were identified by intersecting data from GeneCards and MitoCarta databases. AC16 cell viability was assessed via CCK-8 assay under varying NGR1 concentrations （0， 6.25， 12.5， 25， 50， 100， 200， 300， 400， 500 μmol/L）. AC16 cells were divided into the following groups： control group （Control）， model group （H/R）， and treatment groups （H/R + NGR1 at 100， 200 and 300 μmol/L）. Mitochondrial membrane potential （ΔΨm） was measured using 5，5'，6，6'-tetrachloro-1，1'，3，3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide （JC-1） staining. Transcriptional levels of mitophagy-related genes （Parkin， Pink1， P62） were quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR （RT-qPCR）. Protein expression of mitophagy-related markers （Parkin， Pink1， P62， and LC3BⅡ） was evaluated via Western blot analysis. Mitochondrial ultrastructure was visualized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. ResultsCompared to the control group， cell viability in the H/R group significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Treatment with NGR1 at concentrations above 100 μmol/L significantly enhanced the cell viability of AC16 cells compared to the H/R group （P<0.01）. H/R induced a significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential （P<0.01）， which was restored by NGR1 treatment （P<0.01）. The mRNA levels of Parkin， Pink1， and P62 in the H/R group were upregulated compared to the control group （P<0.05）， while NGR1 intervention downregulated their expression （P<0.05）. Protein expression levels of Parkin， Pink1， and LC3BⅡ in the H/R group significantly increased， while P62 expression decreased compared to the control group （P<0.01）. In contrast， different doses of NGR1 treatment significantly reduced the expression of Parkin， Pink1， and LC3BⅡ while increasing P62 expression （P<0.05）. TEM revealed that the mitochondrial structure in the H/R group was severely disrupted， with fragmented and disorganized cristae， which was alleviated by NGR1. ConclusionNGR1 ameliorates H/R-induced AC16 cell injury， and its mechanism may be associated with modulating the Pink1/Parkin pathway to suppress excessive mitophagy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of gray matter structure and clinical symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease （AD） comorbid with apathy （AD-A）. MethodsThe study included 30 patients with AD-A， 30 AD disease patients without apathy （AD without apathy， AD-NA）， and 30 healthy controls （HCs） matched in gender， age， and years of education. All participants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） scans. Voxel-based morphometry （VBM） was used to analyze changes in gray matter volume among the three groups. Additionally， the correlation between the identified abnormal brain regions and apathy scale scores was analyzed. ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences among the three groups in terms of age， gender， years of education， or total intracranial volume. Compared with the HCs group， both the AD-A and AD-NA groups showed significantly lower scores in cognitive function （P<0.001）. The AD-A group exhibited significantly higher apathy scale scores compared with the AD-NA group （P<0.001）. Compared with the AD-NA group， the AD-A group showed reduced gray matter volume in the bilateral caudate nucleus， left orbitofrontal cortex， lingual gyrus， inferior frontal gyrus， superior frontal gyrus， entorhinal cortex， right middle frontal gyrus and posterior cingulate cortex （FWE-corrected， P<0.05 for all）. Compared with the HCs group， the AD-A group exhibited reduced gray matter volume in the bilateral middle temporal gyrus， left fusiform gyrus， calcarine sulcus， postcentral gyrus， right inferior frontal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus （FWE-corrected， P<0.05 for all）. Compared with the HCs group， the AD-NA group showed reduced gray matter volume in the left precuneus， inferior temporal gyrus， and right inferior temporal gyrus （FWE-corrected， P<0.05 for all）. In the AD-A group， changes in the gray matter volume of the left caudate nucleus （r= -0.557， P=0.002） and right middle frontal gyrus （r=-0.620， P=0.001） were negatively correlated with the apathy evaluation scale （AES） scores. ConclusionPatients in the AD-A group exhibited significant atrophy in the frontal-temporal-basal ganglia circuit， and the degree of gray matter atrophy was correlated with the severity of apathy.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common chronic respiratory disease around the world, and pharmacotherapy is the foremost treatment method currently. In recent decades, with the rapid development of bronchoscopic interventional therapy, endoscopic physical ablation technology presents a therapeutic effect in treating COPD, with few treatment-related side effects, showing excellent application prospects in treating COPD. Since ablation techniques in this field are emerging technologies with low patient acceptance, they are not widely used in the clinical treatment of COPD. This article reviews the development process of physical ablation techniques. Moreover, their current application status and the prospects in the field of COPD treatment are also summarized and analyzed. We hope to promote the application of physical ablation in the clinical treatment of COPD and provide practical references and a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of COPD.

ObjectiveTo investigate the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and the level of serum homocysteine (Hcy) in association with the incidence of stroke in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. MethodsBased on the chronic disease risk factor surveillance cohort in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, excluding those with stroke in baseline survey, T2DM patients who joined the cohort from January 2016 to October 2020 were selected as the research subjects. During the follow-up period, a total of 318 new-onset ischemic stroke patients were selected as the case group, and a total of 318 individuals matched by gender without stroke were selected as the control group. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to adjust for confounding factors and explore the serum TyG index and the Hcy biochemical indicator in association with the risk of stroke. ResultsThe Cox proportional hazards regression results showed that after adjusting for confounding factors, the risk of stroke in T2DM patients with 10 μmol·L⁻¹-¹ and Hcy>15 μmol·L⁻¹ was 1.532 times (95%CI: 1.017‒2.309 times, P=0.041) and 1.738 times (95%CI: 1.119‒2.699 times, P=0.014) higher respectively, compared to T2DM patients with Hcy≤10 μmol·L⁻¹. T2DM patients with TyG>9.074 had 1.396 times higher risk of stroke (95%CI: 1.091‒1.787, P=0.008) compared to those with TyG≤9.074. The study found that urea and α1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) were independent risk factors for the incidence of stroke in T2DM patients. For every unit increase in urea andα1-AT, the risk of stroke in T2DM patients increased by 233.6% (HR=3.336, 95%CI: 1.588‒7.009, P=0.001) and 11.3% (HR=1.113, 95%CI: 1.028‒1.205, P=0.008), respectively. Cumulative risk curves showed that Hcy>10 μmol·L⁻¹ and TyG>9.074 accelerated the time to stroke occurrence in T2DM patients. ConclusionElevated levels of Hcy>10 μmol·L⁻¹ and a higher TyG index are risk factors for stroke in T2DM patients. Effective interventions for Hcy and TyG should be conducted for diabetic patients to reduce the incidence of stroke.

The cultivation of top innovative nursing talents with Chinese characteristics in the new era lends critical support to the accomplishment of the strategic goal of the Healthy China Initiative.Herein,we reviewed the historical development of nursing science in China,clarified the conceptual framework of nursing science with Chinese characteristics in the new era,and identified the essential qualities and competencies required for top innovative nursing talents.Furthermore,we analyzed the mission and challenges in cultivating these nursing talents,and put forward new approaches,including formulating new ethics and political education theories specific to nursing science with Chinese characteristics,establishing a cross-disciplinary educational model of Nursing+X,and creating a new nursing talent cultivation ecosystem adapted to the era of human-machine symbiosis.This study provides theoretical insights into the cultivation of top innovative nursing talents who align their development well with national strategic needs,embody patriotism,and possess a strong sense of contemporary responsibility.

This article reports a first case of combined infection with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)and scrub typhus in Dalian City.The patient was admitted to the hospital due to recurrent fever for 7 days and loss of consciousness for 1 day.Pathogen metagenomic sequencing(mNGS),SFTSV quantitative PCR,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)IgM tests were performed,showing positive results for Orientia tsutsugamushi and SFTSV nucleic acids.Based on clinical manifestations and epidemiological history,the patient was diagnosed with combined infections.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),polymerase chain reaction(PCR),and gold chromatographic strip assay(GICA)in diagnosing clonorchiasis through a meta-analysis of diagnostic tests.Methods Relevant databases,including CNKI,the Wan Fang Database,VIP,and PubMed,were searched according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.Literature quality was assessed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 18,and funnel plots,forest plots,and SROC curves were generated.Results A total of 50 articles met the inclusion criteria.Deeks'funnel plot analysis indicated no significant publication bias among the three methods.The combined effect size analysis revealed that the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA for detecting clonorchiasis were 0.93(0.89-0.95)and 0.94(0.92-0.96),respectively,with an area under the SROC curve of 0.98.For PCR,the sensitivity and specificity were 0.93(0.84-0.97)and 0.92(0.80-0.97),respectively,yielding an area under the SROC curve of 0.97.The sensitivity and specificity of the GICA method for detecting clonorchiasis were 0.91(0.83-0.96)and 0.95(0.87-0.98),respectively,with an area under the SROC curve of 0.97.Conclusions In the diagnosis of clonorchiasis,ELISA,PCR and GICA have high diagnostic value,but their ranges differ from each other.

Objective:To investigate the role and mechanisms of cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (cFLIP) in mediating oxidative stress induced by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI) in rats.Methods:Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats with body weight of 180-200 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n=12 per group) using a random number table: sham operation group (sham group), ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R group), virus control group (I/R+Ad-NC group), and cFLIPL-overexpressing group (I/R+Ad-cFLIPL group). A myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI) model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 3 h of reperfusion. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) in rats were evaluated via echocardiography, and a biochemical analyzer was used to measure the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) levels to evaluate the extent of myocardial injury. The 2,3,5- triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining method was used to detect the infarct area of the rat myocardium, and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe the morphology of the rat myocardial tissue. Commercial kits were used to measure the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining was used to assess the number of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-positive cells in the myocardial tissue. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the protein expression of cFLIPL, Nrf2, and HO-1. Results:During MI/RI, compared with the sham group, the protein expression of cFLIPL was significantly decreased in the I/R group, and compared with the I/R+Ad-NC group, the protein expression of cFLIPL was significantly increased in the I/R+Ad-cFLIPL group (both P<0.05). Compared with sham group, the level of LDH, CK-MB, MDA, ROS-positive cell count, and myocardial infarct size were significantly increased, whereas the LVEF, LVFS, SOD, and GSH-px were significantly decreased in I/R group (all P<0.05). Compared to the I/R+Ad-NC group, the level of LDH, CK-MB, MDA, ROS-positive cell count, and myocardial infarct area were significantly decreased, whereas the LVEF, LVFS, SOD, and GSH-px were significantly increased in I/R+Ad-cFLIPL group (all P<0.05). Western blot revealed that compared with the sham group, the protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in I/R group were significantly increased, and compared with the I/R+Ad-NC group, the protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the I/R + Ad-cFLIPL group were significantly increased (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Overexpression of cFLIPL can alleviate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI) in rats by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway to inhibit oxidative stress.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of platelet autophagy related factors and peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer.Methods The data of 360 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery in Hunan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2021 to May 2023 were reviewed.Patients were divided into non-peritoneal metastasis group(n=322)and peritoneal metastasis group(n=38)according to whether peritoneal metastasis occurred or not.The following information was collected:patient's personal information(i.e.age,sex,body mass index)and tumor characteristics(i.e.location,size,pathological type,histopathological differentiation,lymphatic infiltration).Platelets were collected from all subjects,and the levels of autophagy-associated protein 7(ATG7),benzalkonium chloride 1(BECN1),microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)and sequestosome 1(p62)were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results Among the 360 patients included,peritoneal metastasis was detected in 38 cases.Compared with the non-peritoneal metastasis group,the peritoneal metastasis group exhibited decreased BMI(P<0.05),while the tumor size,non-ulcerative tumor,number of lymph node metastasis,infiltration depth,number of cases of lymphatic invasion,platelet count,platelet LC3-Ⅱ level,platelet ATG7 level and CEA level were increased(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BMI(OR=1.094),lymphatic invasion(OR=2.658),and LC3-Ⅱ(OR=3.793)and ATG7(OR=2.010)were independent influencing factors for peritoneal metastasis in patients with gastric cancer(P<0.05).LC3-Ⅱ>2.59ng/ml had the highest ability to predict peritoneal metastasis in patients with gastric cancer(AUC=0.932),followed by ATG7(AUC=0.916).Conclusions Elevated levels of platelet LC3-Ⅱ and ATG7 are independently related to peritoneal metastasis in patients with gastric cancer,and can be used to predict the occurrence of peritoneal metastasis,which is helpful to guide individualized treatment.