In the past few years, people have a new understanding of the mechanism of Epigenetic disease. Epigenetic modification processes involved in human disease include DNA methylation, histone acetylation and methylation, RNA-associated silencing.Epigenetic modification related with cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, transformation and tumor progression-related gene transcription. There has been a long time that the gene mutations involved in tumor formation. In recent years.more and more evidences that genetic and epigenetic modifications leading to the formation of tumors. Epigenetic modifications has also play a very important role in the formation of tumors. This article discussed the DNA methylation.histone post-translational modification anomalies and small interference RNA impact on the formation of leukemia. It provides new prospects for the treatment of leukemia.

Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) optic nerve tracing in vivo is a technology which can reflect the axonal transport status and visual pathway connection by utilizing divalent manganese ion's transportability in axons and its characteristics of paramagnetism,and such potential optic nerve tract-tracing technique has been widely used in ophthalmologic research.Mn2+ enters the neurons through the voltage-gating Ca2+ channel and is transported by microtubule system which is not depended on cellular electric activity.However,the trans-synaptic transport of Mn2+ relies on membrane potential.Taking advantages of MEMRI,optic nerve injury-related research could be implemented.Mn2+ is an intracellular contrast agent with metal toxicity,so low dose,fractionated,targeted delivery of Mn2+ is recommended to alleviate the adverse effects of Mn2+.Herein,the mechanism of divalent manganese ion optic nerve tracing,application of MEMRI in ophthalmologic research field,drug delivery approach of divalent Mn2+ and its toxicity were summarized.

Objective To investigate the expression differences of β‐catenin ,Her‐2/Neu and ki‐67 in different pathological features of gastric cancer and their role in the occurrence ,progression ,invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer invasion and metas‐tasis .Methods The expression of β‐catenin ,ki‐67 and Her‐2/Neu in 150 gastric cancer tissue samples(observation group) and 70 normal gastric mucosal samples were detected by adopting the immunohistochemistry method ,and the relationship between the ex‐pression of β‐catenin ,ki‐67 and Her‐2/Neu with the pathological features of gastric cancer was analyzed .Results Theβ‐catenin ,ki‐67 and Her‐2/Neu positive rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (χ2 =30 .51 ,63 .74 , 11 .38 ,P<0 .01);the differentiation degree affected the expression of β‐catenin ,ki‐67 and Her‐2/Neu expression (χ2 =15 .82 ,8 .61 , 8 .11 ,P<0 .01);the lymph node metastasis affected the expression of ki‐67 and β‐catenin (χ2 = 6 .26 ,P< 0 .05;χ2 = 7 .36 ,P<0 .01);the invasion depth affected the expression of β‐catenin and ki‐67(χ2 =11 .34 ,P<0 .01);TMN affected the expression of ki‐67 and Her‐2/Neu(χ2 = 10 .85 ,14 .24 ,P< 0 .01);the β‐catenin and ki‐67 expression showed positive correlation .Conclusion β‐catenin ,ki‐67 and Her‐2/Neu may reflect the proliferation ,invasion and metastasis situation of tumor cells and their detection con‐duces to the judgment of prognosis .

[Objective] To evaluate and describe CT findings in patients with pathologically confirmed retroperitoneal fibrosis. [Methods] CT findings in 8 patients (6 males, 2 females) pathologically confirmed retroperitoneal fibrosis were retrospectively reviewed and pertinent literature was discussed. [Results] Retroperitoneal fibrosis showed similar features in CT imaging: retroperitoneal irregular mass around abdominal aorta embedding adjacent tissue, with mild or moderate enhancement, unilateral or bibateral ureterectasis with hydronephrosis. [Conclusions] The pristine clinical manifestation of retroperitoneal fibrosis is occult and nonspecific. CT examination is a valuable approach to diagnose retroperitoneal fibrosis.

[Objective] To evaluate the effect of Tiepi Fengdou Granule(TFG) as adjuvant treatment in cancer patients during chemotherapy.[Methods] Twenty patients were treated with TFG,and then we added up integral calculus of Yin Deficiency symptoms,tested blood routine,hepatic and renal function and subgroup of T-cell and NK cell.[Results] The Yin Deficiency symptoms of 7 cases(35%) were improved significantly,and 13 cases were partly improved(65%).Each integral calculus of Yin Deficiency symptoms was descended.The tested blood routine,hepatic function and subgroup of T-cell and NK cell were changed significantly.[Conclusions] TFG could control the symptoms of Yin Deficiency and improve immune function for cancer chemotherapy patients.

Blind review is one of the most important milestones in clinical trials, which connects data management process to statistical analysis. During blind review, data quality should be reviewed and assessed on both data management and statistical aspects. The primary work of data managers in blind review is to ensure the accuracy of data before it is handed over to biostatistics group. Database auditing, listing data reviewing and reconciliation should become a good clinical data management practice. Statisticians, on the other hand, will focus on quality findings related to protocol deviations or protocol violations. To investigate the protocol deviations and/or violations and relevant impacts on data outcomes, it is important to provide the essential basis of data quality through the blind review, and to assess the reliability of study outcomes.

Objective To explore the diagnostic significance of the uric acid in preeclampsia.Methods The samples were chosen between January 2008 and August 2015 in our hospital maternity clinic,at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation,singletons,1 357 cases of pregnant women,136 cases for the development of preeclampsia,and 1 221 cases of normal pregnancy.the clinical data of 1 357 cases were retrospectively analyzed.Results (1) The maternal age,birth gestational age,body mass index,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,urine protein,cholesterol,creatinine,uric acid,and uric acid increased value of the control group of preeclampsia were significandy higher than the normal group (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of preeclampsia,cesarean delivery rate,fetal growth restriction,small gestational age,and newborn asphyxia rate of high uric acid hematic disease group were significandy higher than the normal group (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Logistic regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure,urinary protein and uric acid were the predictors,and uric acid was the best predictor.(3) By using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve,the growth of uric acid was 112 μmol/L,and the sensitivity was 85.2％,the specificity was 90.1％.Conclusions Uric acid level can be used as an important indicator to monitor the pathophysiology of preeclampsia,and uric acid value can be accurately predicted.

CYP2A6 is an important drug metabolic enzyme that plays a central role in pharmacology and toxicology.Coumarin and nicodine are mainly metabolized by it.CYP2A6 also have a close connection with diseases that related to smoking.While hnRNP A1 is a protein that shows an important regulative action on some specific genes at post-transcription level.Recently,researchers are paying more and more attention to the relationship between the activity of CYP2A6 and the expression of hnRNPA1.In order to master the change rule of CYP2A6 activity,we try to explain the regulative effect on CYP2A6 by hnRNP A1 at post-transcription level,which will bring an important effect on guiding clinical medicine treatments and smoking addictive therapy.

11? Hydroxysterold dehydrogenases (11?-HSDs )catalyse the interconversion of active glucocorticoids(cortisol,corticosterone )and their inert 11?-keto derivatives(cortisone,11-dehydrocorticosterone)They play an important role in regulating the local glucocorticoids activities.Glucoeorticoids can induce insulin resistance.The alteration of 11?-HSD activities in tissues such as liver ,adipose tissue, is closely relevant to some common disorders,including obesity and type 2diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE:To explore a reimbursement mechanism for adverse drug reactions(ADR)suitable to the condition of China.METHODS:Based on the condition in China,we evaluated the feasibility of applying insurance mechanism into ADR reimbursement from aspects of the development of insurance industry and pharmaceutical industry as well as the characteristics of ADR etc.Meanwhile we put forward some suggestions on the construction and operation of the ADR liability insurance.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:ADR liability insurance can help guarantee patients' legitimate rights of life health,settle medical disputes,facilitate the development of pharmaceutical industry and promote ADR reporting and management work.To carry out ADR liability insurance,issues like insurance rate,national policy support and evolving of ADR monitor network should be taken into consideration.