1.Comprehensive Application of AHP-CRITIC Hybrid Weighting Method, Grey Correlation Analysis and BP-ANN in Optimization of Extraction Process of Qizhi Prescription
Qun LAN ; Yi CHENG ; Zian LI ; Bingyu WU ; Jinyu WANG ; Dewen LIU ; Yan TONG
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2025;31(8):176-186
ObjectiveBased on analytic hierarchy process(AHP)-criteria importance through intercriteria correlation(CRITIC) hybrid weighting method, grey relational analysis and backpropagation artificial neural network(BP-ANN), to optimize the water extraction process of Qizhi prescription, so as to provide an experimental basis for optimization of the preparation process of this prescription and the establishment of quality standards. MethodsL9(34) orthogonal test was employed, and the AHP-CRITIC hybrid weighting method was utilized to determine the weight coefficients of the quality fractions of various components, including astragaloside Ⅳ, polygalaxanthone Ⅲ, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, tenuifolin, and 3,6′-disinapoylsucrose, as well as the dry extract yield. The comprehensive score of each factor level combination in the orthogonal test were calculated as evaluation indicator to select the optimal extraction process parameters. The effects of extraction times, extraction time, and solvent dosage on the aqueous extraction process of the formula were investigated through intuitive analysis, variance analysis, and grey relational analysis. Meanwhile, a BP-ANN model was established to reverse-predict the optimal extraction process parameters of Qizhi prescription, and the optimized process parameters were validated. ResultsThe weight coefficients of the five index components(astragaloside Ⅳ, tenuifolin, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, polygalaxanthone Ⅲ, and 3,6′-disinapoylsucrose) and dry extract yield were 25.7%, 20.82%, 16.41%, 12.45%, 15.96% and 8.67%, respectively. The optimized extraction process parameters were extracted 3 times with 8, 6, 6 times the amount of water, each time for 1 h. The network prediction results of BP-ANN test samples were consistent with the orthogonal test results, and the mean square error(MSE) of the predicted and measured values of the network was <1%. The water extraction process of Qizhi prescription analyzed and predicted by relevant mathematical models was stable and feasible, which could effectively improve the extraction efficiency of the active ingredients of Astragali Radix and Polygalae Radix, and the average comprehensive score of the validation test was 90.85 with the relative standard deviation(RSD) of 1.55%. ConclusionThis study establishes a water extraction process for compound Qizhi granules, and the optimized extraction process can effectively improve the extraction efficiency of active ingredients, which provides useful references for the optimization of preparation process and the establishment of quality standards for other clinical experience formulas.
2.Characteristics of common pathogens among acute respiratory infection cases in a hospital of Huzhou City
Journal of Preventive Medicine 2025;37(3):300-303
Objective:
To investigate the characteristics of influenza A virus (FluA), influenza B virus (FluB), human rhinovirus (HRV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human adenovirus (ADV) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) among acute respiratory infection (ARI) cases in the First People's Hospital of Huzhou, so as to provide the basis for formulating prevention and treatment measures for ARI.
Methods:
Gender, age, testing time, and pathogen testing data of ARI cases in the First People's Hospital of Huzhou from April 2023 to March 2024 were collected. The detection rates of FluA, FluB, HRV, RSV, ADV and MP were analyzed across different genders, age groups and seasons.
Results:
A total of 15 788 ARI cases were included, and 8 617 cases were tested positive for at least one pathogen, with a detection rate of 54.58%. Single-pathogen detection was found in 7 913 cases (50.12%), with the detection rates of 14.61% for FluA, 11.86% for MP, 8.46% for FluB, 8.41% for RSV, 4.35% for HRV, and 2.44% for ADV. Mixed-pathogen detection was found in 704 cases (4.46%). MP mixed with other pathogens was the most common, with 335 cases accounting for 47.59% of mixed detections. The single-pathogen detection rate for RSV was higher in males than in females (9.13% vs. 7.64%, P<0.05). The detection rate was higher in the cases aged 5 to <18 years (67.32%) than in the other age groups (all P<0.008). The detection rates were higher in autumn and winter, with 56.99% and 61.59%, respectively (all P<0.008).
Conclusions
The pathogen detection rate among ARI cases in the First People's Hospital of Huzhou from 2023 to 2024 was relatively high, with FluA and MP being the predominant pathogens. Children and adolescents aged 5 to <18 years were the susceptible population, and autumn and winter were the peak seasons for infection.
3.Study on anti-atherosclerosis mechanism of blood components of Guanxin Qiwei tablets based on HPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS and network pharmacology
Yuan-hong LIAO ; Jing-kun LU ; Yan NIU ; Jun LI ; Ren BU ; Peng-peng ZHANG ; Yue KANG ; Yue-wu WANG
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 2025;60(2):449-458
The analysis presented here is based on the blood components of Guanxin Qiwei tablets, the key anti-atherosclerosis pathway of Guanxin Qiwei tablets was screened by network pharmacology, and the anti-atherosclerosis mechanism of Guanxin Qiwei tablets was clarified and verified by cell experiments. HPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS technique was used to analyze the components of Guanxin Qiwei tablets into blood, to determine the precise mass charge ratio of the compounds, and to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the components by using secondary mass spectrometry fragments and literature comparison. Finally, a total of 42 components of Guanxin Qiwei tablets into blood were identified. To better understand the interactions, we employed the Swiss Target Prediction database to predict the associated targets. Atherosclerosis (AS) disease targets were searched in disease databases Genecard, OMIM and Disgent, and 181 intersection targets of disease targets and component targets were obtained by Venny 2.1.0 software. Protein interactions were analyzed by String database. The 32 core targets were selected by Cytscape software. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed in DAVID database. It was found that the anti-atherosclerosis pathways of Guanxin Qiwei tablets mainly include lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and other signal pathways. The core targets and the core compounds were interlinked, and it was found that cryptotanshinone and tanshinone ⅡA in Guanxin Qiwei tablets were well bound to TNF, PPAR
4.Cloning, subcellular localization and expression analysis of SmIAA7 gene from Salvia miltiorrhiza
Yu-ying HUANG ; Ying CHEN ; Bao-wei WANG ; Fan-yuan GUAN ; Yu-yan ZHENG ; Jing FAN ; Jin-ling WANG ; Xiu-hua HU ; Xiao-hui WANG
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 2025;60(2):514-525
The auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) gene family is an important regulator for plant growth hormone signaling, involved in plant growth, development, as well as response to environmental stresses. In the present study, we identified
5.Study on the modeling method of general model of Yaobitong capsule intermediates quality analysis based on near infrared spectroscopy
Le-ting SI ; Xin ZHANG ; Yong-chao ZHANG ; Jiang-yan ZHANG ; Jun WANG ; Yong CHEN ; Xue-song LIU ; Yong-jiang WU
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 2025;60(2):471-478
The general models for intermediates quality analysis in the production process of Yaobitong capsule were established by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with chemometrics, realizing the rapid determination of notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rd and moisture. The spray-dried fine powder and total mixed granule were selected as research objects. The contents of five saponins were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and the moisture content was determined by drying method. The measured contents were used as reference values. Meanwhile, NIR spectra were collected. After removing abnormal samples by Monte Carlo cross validation (MCCV), Monte Carlo uninformative variables elimination (MC-UVE) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) were used to select feature variables respectively. Based on the feature variables, quantitative models were established by partial least squares regression (PLSR), extreme learning machine (ELM) and ant lion optimization least squares support vector machine (ALO-LSSVM). The results showed that CARS-ALO-LSSVM model had the optimum effect. The correlation coefficients of the six index components were greater than 0.93, and the relative standard errors were controlled within 6%. ALO-LSSVM was more suitable for a large number of samples with rich information, and the prediction effect and stability of the model were significantly improved. The general models with good predicting effect can be used for the rapid quality determination of Yaobitong capsule intermediates.
6.Research progress on the structural modification of isosteviol and the biological activities of its derivatives
Li-jun ZHAO ; You-fu YANG ; Tong-sheng WANG ; Yan-li ZHANG ; Ya WU
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 2025;60(1):22-36
Isosteviol is a tetracyclic diterpenoid compound obtained by hydrolysis of natural stevia glycoside under acidic conditions. It has many pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial. Due to its low water solubility, low activity and low bioavailability, isosteviol has poor performance. In order to overcome these shortcomings, scholars have obtained a large number of isosteviol derivatives with novel structures and excellent activity. In this paper, we review the recent progress in the research on the structure modification, biological activity, structure-activity relationship and microbial transformation of isosteviol, in order to provide a reference for the development of new drugs of isosteviol and its derivatives.
7.Research progress in small molecule inhibitors of complement factor B
Shuai WEN ; Yao ZHAO ; Yan WANG ; Xing LI ; Yi MOU ; Zheng-yu JIANG
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 2025;60(1):37-47
The alternative pathway (AP) of the complement system is a key contributor to the pathogenesis of several diseases including paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), C3 glomerular disease (C3G) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Complement factor B (CFB) is a trypsin-like serine protein that circulates in the human bloodstream in a latent form. As a key node of the alternative pathway, it is an important target for the treatment of diseases mediated by the complement system. With the successful launch of iptacopan, the CFB small molecule inhibitors has become a current research hotspot, a number of domestic and foreign pharmaceutical companies are actively developing CFB small molecule inhibitors. In this paper, the research progress of CFB small molecule inhibitors in recent years is systematically summarized, the representative compounds and their activities are introduced according to structural types and design ideas, so as to provide reference and ideas for the subsequent research on CFB small molecule inhibitors.
8.Research progress of antifungal drugs from natural sources
Shao-jie CHU ; Yan ZHENG ; Shuang-shuang SU ; Xue-song WU ; Hong YAN ; Shao-xin CHEN ; Hong-bo WANG
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 2025;60(1):48-57
As the number of patients with compromised immune function increases and fungal resistance develops, so does the risk of contracting deadly fungi in humans. Both fungi and humans are eukaryotes, so identifying unique targets for antifungal drug development is difficult. In addition, the existing antifungal drugs are limited by toxicity, drug interaction and drug resistance in practical application, which leads to the increasing incidence and fatal rate of fungal infections. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new antifungal drugs. The semi-synthetic technology using microbial fermentation products from natural sources as lead compounds has become the most used method in structural modification of antifungal drugs due to its advantages of few reaction steps and easy operation. This paper will introduce the current status of natural antifungal drugs in clinical use, as well as the latest progress in the research and development of new semi-synthetic antifungal drugs, and summarize their mechanism of action, structural modifications, advantages and disadvantages, so as to provide reference for the subsequent development of new antifungal drugs.
9.An alkyne and two phenylpropanoid derivants from Carthamus tinctorius L.
Lin-qing QIAO ; Ge-ge XIA ; Ying-jie LI ; Wen-xuan ZHAO ; Yan-zhi WANG
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 2025;60(1):185-190
The chemical constituents from the
10.A new glycoside from Alstonia mairei Lévl.
Li-ke WANG ; Bing-yan LI ; Zhen-zhu ZHAO ; Yan-zhi WANG ; Xiao-kun LI ; Wei-sheng FENG ; Ying-ying SI
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 2025;60(1):191-195
Nine compounds were isolated and purified from 90% ethanol extract of


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