The growing complexity of death and dying in Intensive Care Units highlights nurses' critical role, particularly concerning family interactions and spiritual needs from an Islamic perspective. However, there is a gap in understanding the nuances of these interactions, how nurses can best facilitate them, and how potential conflicts arising from differing interpretations of religious beliefs may impact care; this area remains underexplored. This systematic literature review aims to synthesize existing studies on ICU nurses' experiences with critically ill patients during death and dying, focusing on Islamic perspectives or spiritual care, employing a qualitative synthesis approach. The Scopus database was used to retrieve relevant documents published between 2005 and 2024. The review followed PRISMA guidelines for identification, screening, exclusion, and inclusion. Qualitative, quantitative, mixed-method studies, and review articles were included, with only qualitative papers appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s criteria. Initially, 378 records were identified. After removing unavailable files and screening, 113 titles and abstracts were assessed. Of 84 reports reviewed for eligibility, 68 were excluded, leaving 14 studies that met the inclusion criteria for the final review. This review emphasizes the crucial need for better training, policies, and institutional support for ICU nurses. Such measures would enable them to manage the complexities of culturally sensitive care for family members during loved ones' death and dying. Implementing standardized guidelines addressing Islamic perspectives can significantly improve care quality and patient-family satisfaction.

Nursing education has undergone a significant transformation as a result of artificial intelligence (AI). Chatbots, specifically ChatGPT, have emerged as vital AI technologies within the nursing domain as it is a computer program designed to simulate human conversation through text or voice interactions. This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis to gain insights into the publication trends, citation impact, and thematic evolution in nursing education and practice concerning ChatGPT and chatbots. A comprehensive bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSViewer, concentrating on citation networks for data analysis and visualisation. A review of LENS.org identified 344 relevant research publications regarding chatbots and ChatGPT within the nursing discipline, all of which were utilised in the study. The study examined various aspects, including types of publications, prominent authors, leading journals, participating nations, institutions, and the impact of ChatGPT on nursing practice. The primary objectives included categorising the papers, identifying the most influential authors, delineating the prominent areas and institutions in the field, and examining the impact of ChatGPT on nursing education and practice. The findings indicate that ChatGPT positively impacts nursing education by enhancing learning experiences, improving communication, and aiding clinical decision-making. The findings indicate that journal articles accounted for 76% of publications, with the U.S. leading in research output. The findings indicate that ChatGPT positively impacts nursing education by enhancing learning experiences, improving communication, and aiding clinical decision-making. Future research should focus on establishing frameworks for integrating ChatGPT into nursing education, addressing ethical implications, and assessing the long-term impacts on patient care.

Spirulina, a small blue-green algae that lives in warm, alkaline seas, is one of the world's oldest life forms. With century-old history, this nutrient-rich organism has received a lot of interest in recent years for its possible health benefits and sustainable production practices. Studies have indicated its antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory qualities are contributed by its bioactive compounds, mainly phycocyanin. Other compounds or elements include phycocyanobilin, carotenoids, unsaturated fatty acids, selenium, and amino acids. Breast cancer is one of the major causes of cancer related death in women. As some of the cancer therapies are highly associated with side effects, nutraceuticals such as Spirulina could be an alternative therapeutic intervention. Although some research has been conducted to investigate the anti-breast cancer effects of Spirulina in the past, its mechanism of action is not entirely understood. Previous studies suggest that it may trigger apoptosis and autophagy via modifying signalling pathways such as NF-κB and Bcl-2/Bax ratio. It also has anti-proliferative properties, inhibits cell migration, causes cell cycle arrest, and lowers cancer cells' capacity to form colonies. Phycocyanin has been shown to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and down-regulate anti-apoptotic molecules, which contribute to its anticancer capabilities. These findings show that Spirulina fights cancer by targeting a variety of cellular mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis. While these data imply potential benefits, more clinical trials and research into the exact mechanisms of Spirulina in cancer treatments are needed to fully demonstrate its efficacy in treating breast cancer in humans.

INTRODUCTION: In the clinical setting, erectile dysfunction (ED) is a significant issue that should not be neglected, as it can adversely impact the quality of life of patients and their partners, especially among overweight and obese populations. This study aims to determine the prevalence of ED and its associated factors among non-diabetic, overweight, and obese patients who attend a government health clinic in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A six-month cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2024 to August 2024 at twelve health clinics in Kuantan, Pahang. The selected respondents were married men over 18 years old, and those with diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, psychiatric illness, or illiteracy were excluded. Data were collected using the validated Malay version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). ED was defined as an IIEF-5 score of less than 22. Descriptive analysis and simple and multiple logistic regression were performed using SPSS. RESULTS: All 221 eligible patients in the study responded (100% response rate). The prevalence of ED was 66.1% (n=146). Multiple logistic regression showed that ED was significantly associated with dyslipidemia [AOR (95% CI): 2.42 (1.06–5.52); p-value=0.036], anxiety [AOR (95% CI): 3.99 (1.44–11.01); p-value=0.008] and older age [AOR (95% CI): 1.07 (1.02–1.12); p-value=0.009]. CONCLUSION: The study revealed a high prevalence of ED among non-diabetic overweight and obese patients, potentially linked to increasing age, dyslipidemia, and anxiety. Increasing awareness among the public and healthcare providers could improve detection rates in primary care.

INTRODUCTION: Mother-to-child-transmission of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B is a significant public health issue in Indonesia. Triple elimination screening, which tests these three infections, is a crucial strategy for early detection and prevention, ideally conducted during the first antenatal visit (K1). However, the coverage of this screening remains suboptimal in several regions, including the Harapan Baru Health Center. This study aimed to test factors affecting participation in the triple elimination screening during the first antenatal visit among pregnant women in the service area of the Harapan Baru Health Center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 50 pregnant women who attended their K1 visit in June 2025. Participants were selected using convenience sampling. Data were gathered through structured questionnaires and maternal and child health (MCH) books and analysed using the Pearson chi-square test. RESULTS: Respondents’ knowledge (OR=5.4, p=0.023) and health worker support (OR=10.7, p=0.002;) were significantly associated with screening participation. However, the education level was not significantly associated. CONCLUSION: Good knowledge level and positive support from health workers could increase the likelihood of pregnant women undergoing triple elimination screening during their first antenatal visit.

INTRODUCTION: Glaucoma is a leading cause of permanent blindness, often going undetected in its early, asymptomatic stages, especially in older age groups. In Malaysia, glaucoma is a growing public health issue due to an increase in the ageing population. While screening is essential for early glaucoma detection, the most suitable strategy for Malaysia's healthcare system remains unclear. This study explored the perspectives of eye healthcare professionals on the most suitable glaucoma screening strategies for Malaysia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews with 19 eye health professionals (ophthalmologists, optometrists, nurses, ophthalmic technicians, and assistant medical officers) practicing in the Klang Valley. The interviews were conducted face-to-face in their workplace or via a video conferencing platform. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Six major themes were identified: types of glaucoma screening programmes, accessible screening locations, target screening population, instruments and use of digital technology, trained personnel, and referral criteria. Opportunistic case finding and population-based programmes were identified as the glaucoma screening programmes in which trained personnel conducted screening at accessible locations. Glaucoma screening for high-risk individuals was recommended, focusing on visual acuity testing, tonometry, anterior chamber angle assessment, funduscopy, perimetry, and retinal nerve fibre assessment. A lack of clear referral criteria due to low awareness and poor implementation of existing guidelines was observed. CONCLUSION: Further investigations are required to identify the best combination of components for glaucoma screening. This will enable policymakers to develop an effective glaucoma screening programme in Malaysia.

Engaging with the Qur'an, whether through reading or listening, necessitates complex cognitive processing of the written or spoken Arabic language. This activity demands concentration and attention, thereby engaging cognitive functions such as selective attention, Arabic language processing, and auditory perception. The purpose of this paper is to review the effects of reading and listening to the Qur'an on hippocampal cognitive function. A literature search was conducted using online databases: ScienceDirect, PubMed/ Medline, and Scopus. The keywords used in the literature search were “cognitive”, “Qur'an”, and “hippocampus”. This approach included six full-length articles. A manual search of the cited references was also used to find additional considerations for the discursive analysis of each topic discussed in this review. As a sacred text, the Qur'an engages both reading and listening skills and involves cognitive processes that impact memory and comprehension. Regular engagement with the Qur'anic text and its recitation can significantly improve brain activity, memory, and cognitive development. Reading and listening are essential skills for language comprehension and communication. When a person reads the Qur'an, he or she engages in visual Arabic language processing, while when listening to its recitation, the person is involved in auditory language processing. These activities stimulate different parts of the brain, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the Qur'an text.

Agarwood (Aquilaria spp.) is a resinous wood traditionally used in various medicinal systems across Asia for treating inflammation-related ailments. Despite its longstanding ethnopharmacological use, scientific validation of its anti-inflammatory effects remains fragmented. This scoping review aims to systematically evaluate and synthesize current evidence from animal studies investigating the anti-inflammatory potential of agarwood. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria focused on original animal studies assessing the anti-inflammatory effects of agarwood extracts, essential oils, or derivatives. Data on study design, animal models, agarwood species, treatment dosage, duration, biomarkers, and outcomes were extracted and summarized narratively due to methodological heterogeneity. Eight studies met inclusion criteria, involving models of inflammation-related conditions such as pain, neuroinflammation, gastrointestinal injury, cancer, and toxicity. Agarwood treatment consistently reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), modulated oxidative stress markers (e.g., NO, SOD, GSH), and regulated signalling pathways including NF-κB, p38 MAPK, and Nrf2–ARE. Notably, improvements were observed in behavioural and histological outcomes across models, with evidence of dose-dependent effects in several studies. In conclusion, preclinical evidence supports agarwood’s broadspectrum anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties across multiple organ systems. These findings provide mechanistic insights and a scientific basis for its traditional use. However, variability in species, extraction methods, and study designs highlights the need for standardised protocols and clinical validation to advance agarwood as a potential therapeutic agent.

Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) play pivotal roles in cancer progression and have emerged as promising therapeutic targets and biomarkers. VGSCs comprise multiple subtypes with distinct tissue distributions, influencing tumour characteristics in different ways. Among these, the tetrodotoxin-sensitive α-subunits and the β1 subunit, commonly found in breast cancer, have been implicated in metastasis and tumour aggressiveness. The NaV1.5 channel and its neonatal variant (nNaV1.5) are overexpressed in aggressive cancers such as breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancers, thereby enhancing their invasive capacity. nNaV1.5 is particularly significant due to its tumour-specific expression and strong association with poor prognosis, especially in breast cancer, where it regulates cell proliferation, invasion, and tumour microenvironment remodelling. This review highlights nNaV1.5 as a critical ion channel that drives metastasis through ion regulation, extracellular acidification, and cytoskeletal remodelling. We further evaluate current therapeutic strategies, including siRNA, monoclonal antibodies, and small-molecule inhibitors, while addressing translational challenges such as tumour heterogeneity, drug delivery limitations, and off-target cardiotoxicity due to its similarity with the adult isoform. In addition, we explore the potential of nNaV1.5 as a biomarker subject to epigenetic regulations by factors including RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), which may facilitate patient stratification and treatment optimization. By integrating mechanistic insights, therapeutic opportunities, and translational challenges, this review goes beyond descriptive summaries to provide a framework for advancing nNaV1.5 research from preclinical studies toward clinical application in cancer therapy.

The use of Arabic in medical education and healthcare communication remains limited despite growing linguistic needs in Arabic-speaking populations. Issues related to translation accuracy, cultural sensitivity, and curriculum alignment hinder its integration. The objective of this study is to systematically review how Arabic medical terminology has been translated, validated, and applied in educational and clinical contexts. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Searches were conducted in May 2025 across three databases: Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC). A total of 769 records were retrieved, and 19 peer-reviewed articles were selected based on inclusion criteria. A six-point quality appraisal framework was applied to ensure methodological rigour prior to thematic synthesis. Three major themes emerged: (1) translation and cultural adaptation, highlighting the importance of expert validation and semantic accuracy; (2) psychometric evaluation, where tools such as the Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) demonstrated strong internal consistency and contextual clarity; and (3) educational application, showing varied success in enhancing communication, comprehension, and learner confidence. Gaps in terminology standardisation and the limitations of automated translation tools were noted across studies. In conclusion Arabic medical terminology, when supported by structured processes and expert review, makes a meaningful contribution to education and communication. Further efforts should prioritise the development of validated terminology repositories, multidisciplinary collaboration, and the integration of Arabic-language resources into medical curricula to support inclusive and patient-centred care.