PURPOSE: Excessive gingival display and short clinical crowns due to altered passive eruptions are major concerns for a considerable number of patients visiting dental clinics. Altered passive eruptions could be corrected through various types of periodontal surgery conformable to a classification. 3 cases are reported here on the esthetic correction of altered passive eruption to evaluate results of crown lengthening procedure. METHODS:Three patients whose major complaints were excessive gingival display and short teeth were picked out for this case study. Before treatment, clinical and radiological exam was performed to choose type of surgery. Thickness and width of keratinized gingiva was measured in all three patients then they were treated by surgical methods including flap operation and depigmentation under subsequent diagnosis. RESULTS: Uneventful healing and stable gingival margin were observed in all three patients except recurrence of gingival pigmentation of one patient. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of altered passive eruption requires precise diagnostic procedure and could achieve better esthetic outcomes when it is accompanied by other orthodontic and orthognathic treatment.
Crown Lengthening ; Crowns ; Dental Clinics ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Keratins ; Pigmentation ; Recurrence ; Tooth

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the compliance to maintenance schedules recommended supportive periodontal therapy(SPT) and to determine differences in the characteristics of compliant and non-compliant patients. METHODS:414 patients commencing SPT after active periodontal treatment from 2003 to 2005 were included in this study. Based on their compliance with the suggested maintenance schedule, patients were classified as compliant and non-compliant groups. Also patients classified by gender, age, degree of alveolar bone loss and treatment rendered. The association between compliance and patient characteristics was assessed by odds ratio in logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Only 47% of the initial patient was found to be compliant at the end of August 2008 and 20.8% patients were lost in the first year of SPT. There were significant differences between compliant and non-compliant regard to age, degree of alveolar bone loss and treatment rendered. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, compliance with SPT generally poor and patients who were older, treated surgical therapy and with mild alveolar bone loss are more compliant to SPT.
Alveolar Bone Loss ; Appointments and Schedules ; Compliance ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Odds Ratio ; Patient Compliance ; Periodontal Diseases

In 2010, the Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology will be renamed to the Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Korean Academy of Periodontology. The official language of the Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science is English to encourage submissions from international authors and to provide adequate distribution of the articles. The Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science is a peer-reviewed journal providing current information relevant to professionalism of periodontology & periimplantology and welcomes practical clinical reports, sophisticated original articles and fundamental reviews covering broad range of interests within the scope from anyone around the world.
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PURPOSE: It is well recognized that gingival enlargement is induced by unwanted effect associated with three major drugs/drug groups - phenytoin, cyclosporine, and the calcium channel blockers. The present case report describes the effect and limitation of non-surgical treatment in gingival enlargement cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three cases included 2 drug-influenced gingival enlargement patients and a idiopathic gingival fibromatosis patient. For the drug-influenced gingival enlargement patients, the medication was replaced with other medication. And then, all the patients were treated non-surgically. RESULTS: Drug-influenced gingival enlargements had been reduced after non-surgical treatment and the results were well-maintained. In the idiopathic gingival fibromatosis case, non-surgical treatment resulted in only limited reduction of gingival enlargement, and surgical periodontal treatment was unavoidable. CONCLUSION: These case reports indicated that non-surgical periodontal treatment with change in medication was effective in the treatment of drug-influenced gingival enlargements. Non-surgical approach can be considered as the primary management to reduce the gingival enlargement. If non-surgical treatment encounters a limitation, surgical treatment should be considered
Calcium Channel Blockers ; Cyclosporine ; Fibromatosis, Gingival ; Humans ; Nifedipine ; Phenytoin

PURPOSE: The aim of this report is to investigate the efficacy of anorganic bovine bone xenograft(Bio-Oss(R) ) at maxillary sinus floor augmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two male patients who missed maxillary posterior teeth were included. They were performed maxillary sinus floor augmentation using anorganic bovine bone xenograft(Bio-Oss(R) ). After 10 or 13 months, the regenerated tissues were harvested using trephine drills with 2 or 4mm diameter and non-decalcified specimens were made. The specimens were examined histologically and histomorphometrically to investigate graft resorption and new bone formation. RESULTS: Newly formed bone was in contact with Bio-Oss(R) particles directly without any gap between the bone and the particles. The proportions of newly formed bone were 23.4~25.3% in patient 1(Pt.1) and 28.8% in patient 2(Pt.2). And the proportions of remained Bio-Oss(R) were 29.7~30.2% in Pt.1 and 29.2% in Pt.2. The fixtures installed at augmented area showed good stability and the augmented bone height was maintained well. CONCLUSION: Anorganic bovine bone xenograft(Bio-Oss(R) ) has high osteoconductivity and helps new bone formation, so that it can be used in maxillary sinus floor augmentation.
Humans ; Male ; Mandrillus ; Maxillary Sinus ; Osteogenesis ; Sinus Floor Augmentation ; Tooth ; Transplants

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of hydroxyapatite containing toothpaste with positive control toothpastes in reducing dentine hypersensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This clinical trial was a double-blind, randomized, parallel group comparison of two, namely hydroxyapatite containing toothpaste and strontium chloride containing toothpaste. A total of 55 subjects were included in this study. The subjects were given randomly assigned one of the two toothpastes after received tooth brushing instruction at baseline. Some clinical indices(PI, GI, PD), verbal rating score(VRS) for sensitivity to stimulus, the effect in relieving sensitivity and visual analogue scale(VAS) for sensitivity at baseline, week 2, week 4 and week 8 were assessed. All data were evaluated by intention-to-treat analysis. RESULTS: Overall, PI and GI scores were significantly reduced compare baseline in all groups(p<0.05). In addition, there was significant difference in PI at 4 weeks and in GI at 4, 8 weeks between groups. The proportions of subjects relieved sensitivity were 70.4% in experimental group and 57.1% in control group at 8 weeks respectively. The VRS for sensitivity to three kinds of stimuli and VAS for sensitivity decreased according to time, there was no overall difference between two groups(p>0.05). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the new hydroxyapatite containing toothpaste was similarly effective in reducing dentine hypersensitivity with pre-existing benchmark toothpaste.
Dentin ; Dentin Sensitivity ; Durapatite ; Strontium ; Tooth ; Toothpastes

PURPOSE: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2) has been evaluated as potential candidates for periodontal and bone regenerative therapy. In spite of good prospects in BMP applications, there is economically unavailable for clinical use in dental area. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic effect of rhBMP-2 produced by E.coli expression system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight-mm critical-size calvarial defects were created in 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were divided into 6 groups of 8 animals each. Each group received one of the following: Negative control(sham-surgery control), positive control(absorbable collagen sponge(ACS) alone) and experimental(ACS loaded with rhBMP-2). Defects were evaluated by histologic and histometric parameters following 2- and 8-week healing intervals. RESULTS: The experimental group showed significant defect closure at 2 and 8weeks than the sham surgery and positive control groups. Moreover, the experimental group showed significantly greater new bone and augmented area than the other groups at both 2 and 8weeks. CONCLUSION: rhBMP-2 produced by E.coli expression system may be effective for bone regeneration.
Animals ; Bone Regeneration ; Collagen ; Durapatite ; Escherichia ; Escherichia coli ; Humans ; Male ; Osteogenesis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Salicylamides

PURPOSE: Many researches showed loss of alveolar bone in fresh extraction socket and even in case of immediate implant placement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of non-resorbable barrier membrane on the change of buccal and lingual alveolar bone in immediate implant placement into periapically infected extraction sockets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immediate implants were placed into artificially induced periapical lesion of mandibular premolars after complete debridement using buccal bone defect made by a 6mm trephine bur in 4 mongrel dogs. Before flap repositioning, a non-resorbable barrier membrane was placed on the buccal defect in the experimental group. No membrane was placed in the control group. In 12 weeks after placement, the dogs were sacrificed and undecalcified histologic specimens were prepared. The vertical distance from the smooth-rough surface interface(SRI) to gingiva, 1st bone contact and bone crest were measured in buccal and lingual side. The horizontal thicknesses of gingiva and bone at 0, 1, 2 and 3 mm below SRI were measured. RESULTS: The buccal bone was resorbed more than lingual bone in both groups and there was statistical significance(p<0.05). The distances from SRI to 1st bone contact were 2.45+/-2.35 mm in experimental group and 4.49+/-3.10 mm in control group. In all vertical level, lingual bone was thicker than buccal bone(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Buccal bone was reduced more than lingual bone in immediate implant placement into periapically infected extraction sockets. Placement of non-resorbable barrier membrane reduced the buccal bone resorption. However there was no statistical significance.
Animals ; Bicuspid ; Bone Resorption ; Debridement ; Dogs ; Gingiva ; Hyoid Bone ; Membranes

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of compliance with supportive periodontal therapy(SPT), to determine if any significant differences existed in the characteristics of compliant, erratically compliant and non-compliant patients and to identify reasons for poor compliance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred five patients who initially visited between July 2003 and December 2004 and were treated until June 2005 were retrospectively evaluated for their compliance with SPT in terms of attendance for a recommended schedule of visits. Patients' compliance was classified as complete compliance(attended more than 80% of the recommended appointments), erratic compliance(attended less than 80% of the recommended appointments or discontinued) and non-compliance(did not return for SPT). Analysis was made for each group to correlate the degree of compliance with gender, age, smoking, distance between their houses and the hospital, disease severity, type of therapy, implant, plaque control instruction and systemic diseases. Tele research of erratically compliant and non-compliant patients was carried out to identify reasons for their poor compliance. RESULTS: Only 24.7% of the patients were in complete compliance. The highest drop-out rate(32.4%) occurred in the first year. A significantly greater percentage of non-smokers and patients who finished plaque control instruction were in complete compliance. A significantly greater percentage of patients without implant and patients who had been treated by only scaling and root planing were in non-compliance. More males were found to be compliant with SPT, although this was marginally significant. There were no significant differences between compliant, erratically compliant and non-compliant patients with regard to age, distance, disease severity and systemic disease. The survey revealed that the main reasons for poor compliance with SPT were inconvenient location and insufficient time. CONCLUSION: Patients' compliance with SPT was poor and the highest drop-out rate(32.4%) occurred in the first year. Significant relationships were found between the degree of compliance and smoking, type of therapy, implant, plaque control instruction and gender.
Appointments and Schedules ; Compliance ; Humans ; Male ; Patient Compliance ; Retrospective Studies ; Root Planing ; Smoke ; Smoking

PURPOSE: The resective treatment in mandibular Degree III furcation areas includes root resection and tunnel preparation. The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate which treatment procedure(root resection vs tunnel preparation) has more favorable prognosis in mandibular Degree III furcation involvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects of this study were patients who were treated their mandibular posteriors with either root resection(22 teeth on 22 patients) or tunnel preparation(24 teeth on 22 patients) and have participated in periodic recall check program for at least 2 years. Failure rate, plaque index, bleeding on probing and probing pocket depth were measured and the results were compared and statistically analysed. RESULTS: Failure rates of root resection and tunnel praparation were 13.6% and 16.7%, respectively, and showed no significant difference between two procedures. No significant differences were observed between two procedures with respect to plaque index, bleeding on probing and probing pocket depth. CONCLUSION: root resection and tunnel preparation are both effective procedures to treat mandibular posterior furcation involvement, if adequate treatment of choice is made and patient's cooperation is accompanied. However, tunnel preparation is more preservative procedure in mandibular posterior furcation involvement since root canal treatment and prosthetic restoration are needed additionally, in case of root resection.
Dental Pulp Cavity ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Molar ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tooth