1.Effectiveness of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with large-vessel occlusion receiving endovascular treatment in South Korea
Min KIM ; Ji Sung LEE ; Seong-Joon LEE ; So Young PARK ; Jungyun SEO ; Ji Man HONG ; Hee-Kwon PARK ; Jae-Kwan CHA ; Jeffrey L. SAVER ; Jin Soo LEE
Acute and Critical Care 2025;40(2):282-292
Background:
The effectiveness of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) in patients with large-vessel occlusion (LVO) receiving endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has been questioned. We investigated IV tPA effectiveness in real-world AIS patients, including those with intracranial LVO receiving EVT.
Methods:
We identified patients with AIS who presented to hospital with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≥4 within 8 hours of symptom onset from the institutional stroke registry. The association of IV tPA use with effectiveness and safety outcomes was analyzed in overall enrolled AIS patients; LVO patients; and patients treated with EVT. The effect of IV tPA was assessed using multiple logistic regression.
Results:
Among the 654 patients meeting study entry criteria, 238 (36.4%) received IV tPA and 416 (63.6%) did not. Multiple logistic regression analysis and shift analysis revealed IV tPA was associated with improved outcomes in overall enrolled AIS population, LVO, and EVT-treated subgroups. Among EVT-treated patients, IV tPA was associated with higher likelihood of ambulatory or better outcome (modified Rankin Scale 0–3) with odds ratio of 1.95 (P=0.03).
Conclusions
In this real-world study, IV tPA use was associated with improved outcomes for patients with AIS, including among LVO patients treated and not treated with EVT, in the contemporary mechanical thrombectomy era.
2.Diagnostic value of visual stethoscopes for detecting bronchospasm in a patient under general anesthesia - A case report -
Jaeeun SONG ; Baehun MOON ; Hyun-Seok KIM ; Woo-Young SEO ; Woo Jin KIM ; Sung-Hoon KIM
Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 2025;20(3):277-282
Background:
Bronchospasm is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication during anesthesia that requires prompt recognition and management. Traditional auscultation plays a key role but is limited in objective interpretation and continuous monitoring. Case: We report a case of intraoperative bronchospasm during laparoscopic surgery, detected early through real-time acoustic visualization using a digitalized esophageal stethoscope. The visualization of lung sounds facilitated the rapid identification of expiratory wheezing and abnormal spectrogram patterns characteristic of bronchospasm. Immediate intervention with a bronchodilator resolved the condition without further complications.
Conclusions
This case demonstrates the utility of visual stethoscopes in enhancing perioperative respiratory management. Real-time visualization and quantification of lung sounds offer anesthesiologists a valuable tool for early diagnosis and collaborative decision-making during critical respiratory events.
3.Chromosomal Rearrangements in 1,787 Cases of Acute Leukemia in Korea over 15 Years
DongGeun SON ; Ho Cheol JANG ; Young Eun LEE ; Yong Jun CHOI ; Joo Heon PARK ; Ha Jin LIM ; Hyun-Jung CHOI ; Hee Jo BAEK ; Hoon KOOK ; Mihee KIM ; Ga-Young SONG ; Seo-Yeon AHN ; Sung-Hoon JUNG ; Deok-Hwan YANG ; Je-Jung LEE ; Hyeonug-Joon KIM ; Jae-Sook AHN ; Myung-Geun SHIN
Annals of Laboratory Medicine 2025;45(4):391-398
Background:
Chromosomal alterations serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers in acute leukemia. Given the evolving landscape of chromosomal abnormalities in acute leukemia, we previously studied these over two periods. In this study, we investigated the frequency of these abnormalities and clinical trends in acute leukemia in Korea across three time periods.
Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed data from 1,787 patients with acute leukemia (319 children and 1,468 adults) diagnosed between 2006 and 2020. Conventional cytogenetics, FISH, and multiplex quantitative PCR were used for analysis. The patient groups were divided according to the following three study periods: 2006–2009 (I), 2010–2015 (II), and 2016–2020 (III).
Results:
Chromosomal aberrations were detected in 92% of patients. The PML::RARA translocation was the most frequent. Over the 15-yr period, chromosomal aberrations showed minimal changes, with specific fusion transcripts being common among patients.ALL was more prevalent in children than in adults and correlated significantly with the ETV6::RUNX1 and RUNX1::RUNX1T1 aberrations. The incidence of ALL increased during the three periods, with PML::RARA remaining common.
Conclusions
The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in acute leukemia has changed subtly over time. Notably, the age of onset of adult AML has continuously increased. Our results may help in establishing diagnoses and clinical treatment strategies and developing various molecular diagnostic platforms.
4.Corrigendum: Correction of Funding in the Article “List of occupational diseases among farmers in Korea: a literature review”
Hansoo SONG ; Seok-Ju YOO ; Won-Ju PARK ; Seunghyeon CHO ; Ki Soo PARK ; Joo Hyun SUNG ; Sang Jin PARK ; Seong-yong YOON ; Kyeongsoo KIM ; Dong-phil CHOI ; Hye-min KIM ; Bounggyun JU ; Kanwoo YOUN
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2025;37(1):e16-
5.Occupational stress (KOSS®19): scale development and validation in the Korean context
Hansoo SONG ; Hyoung Ryoul KIM ; Inah KIM ; Jin-Ha YOON ; Sang-Baek KOH ; Sung-Soo OH ; Hee-Tae KANG ; Da-Yee JEUNG ; Dae-Sung HYUN ; Chunhui SUH ; Sei-Jin CHANG
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2025;37(1):e12-
Background:
The Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) was developed in 2004. During this time, industrial structures have evolved, and societal awareness of occupational stress has changed. This study aims to develop and validate a revised version of the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS®19), tailored for workers, reflecting these changes.
Methods:
The KOSS®19 was developed based on the 26-item KOSS–short form (SF) through a review by eight experts. A survey was conducted including 359 service industry workers, comprising the KOSS®19, Burnout, and Depression scales. The KOSS®19 subscales were restructured, and their reliability and validity were evaluated.
Results:
The KOSS®19 composed of eight subscales: hazardous physical environment (2 items), high job demand (3 items), insufficient job control (2 items), low social support (2 items), job insecurity (2 items), organizational injustice (4 items), lack of reward (2 items), and work-life imbalance (2 items). The reliability and validity of the KOSS®19 were found to be satisfactory.
Conclusions
The KOSS®19 is a suitable tool for assessing occupational stress, effectively replacing the original KOSS and KOSS-SF.
6.Emotional labor (KELS®11): scale development and validation in the Korean context
Da-Yee JEUNG ; Hyoung Ryoul KIM ; Hansoo SONG ; Inah KIM ; Jin-Ha YOON ; Sang-Baek KOH ; Sung-Soo OH ; Hee-Tae KANG ; Dae-Sung HYUN ; Chunhui SUH ; Sei Jin CHANG
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2025;37(1):e13-
Background:
Emotional labor refers to the management of emotions and expressions to meet the emotional requirements of a job role. This study aimed to develop a revised version of the Korean Emotional Labor Scale (KELS®11), based on the first edition (KELS-24) introduced in 2014, and to provide practical applications and guidelines for its use in the Korean workplace through a validation process.
Methods:
The revised version of KELS®11 was derived from the 24-item KELS, following a review process involving eight experts. To validate the scale’s reliability and validity, a self-administered survey was conducted among 359 service industry workers using KELS®11, burnout, and depression scales. KELS®11 was reclassified, and its reliability and validity were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to establish sex-specific cutoff values (normal vs. high-risk groups).
Results:
KELS®11 was designed to account for individual, organizational, and cultural contexts. It consists of four subscales and 11 items: “emotional regulation” (2 items), “emotional dissonance” (3 items), “organizational monitoring” (2 items), and “organizational protective system for emotional labor” (4 items). KELS®11 demonstrated good validity (content validity ratio: 0.84; item convergence/discriminant validity success rates: 100%; correlation with burnout: r = 0.185–0.436, p < 0.01; correlation with depression: r = 0.128–0.339, p < 0.05) and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.597–0.795). Additionally, sex-specific reference values were established to determine risk groups based on the intensity of emotional labor exposure.
Conclusions
KELS®11 is a validated and reliable measurement tool designed to assess the intensity and magnitude of emotional labor in the workplace. The revised tool reflects critical considerations in the development of emotional labor measurement scales.
7.Workplace Violence (KWVS®13): scale development and validation in the Korean context
Da-Yee JEUNG ; Hyoung Ryoul KIM ; Hansoo SONG ; Inah KIM ; Jin-Ha YOON ; Sang-Baek KOH ; Sung-Soo OH ; Hee-Tae KANG ; Dae-Sung HYUN ; Chunhui SUH ; Sei-Jin CHANG
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2025;37(1):e14-
Background:
Workplace violence refers to any act or threat of physical violence, verbal abuse, harassment, intimidation, bullying, mobbing, or other aggressive and disruptive behaviors that occur at work. This study aims to develop and validate a revision of the Korean Workplace Violence Scale (KWVS®13), based on the first edition of the Korean Workplace Violence Scale (KWVS-24), and to provide practical applications and guidelines for the Korean workplace environment.
Methods:
The revised KWVS®13 was developed by restructuring the 24-item KWVS through a review process involving eight experts. To validate the reliability and validity of KWVS®13, a self-administered survey comprising KWVS®13, burnout, and depression scales was conducted among 359 service industry workers. KWVS®13 was reclassified, and its reliability and validity were assessed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to establish sex-specific cutoff values (normal vs. risk) of the scale.
Results:
KWVS®13 consists of 13 items across four subscales: “psychological and sexual violence from customers” (4 items), “psychological and sexual violence from supervisors or coworkers” (4 items), “physical assault from customers, supervisors, or coworkers” (2 items), and “organizational protective system for workplace violence” (3 items). We found that KWVS®13 shows relatively good validity (content validity ratio for content validity: 0.888; success rate of item convergent and discriminant validity: 100%, and significant correlation coefficient with burnout (r = 0.115–0.83, p < 0.05) and depression (r = 0.098–0.348, p < 0.05) with the exception of Organizational Violence Protection System for Workplace Violence) and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.827–0.860). The reference values for determining risk groups according to the intensity of exposure to workplace violence are presented separately by sex.
Conclusions
KWVS®13 is a robust and useful measurement tool to objectively and quantitatively assess the intensity and magnitude of workplace violence. It incorporates important considerations for workplace violence assessment and provides a reliable framework for evaluating workplace violence in various professional settings.
8.List of occupational diseases among farmers in Korea: a literature review
Hansoo SONG ; Seok-Ju YOO ; Won-Ju PARK ; Seunghyeon CHO ; Ki Soo PARK ; Joo Hyun SUNG ; Sang Jin PARK ; Seong-yong YOON ; Kyeongsoo KIM ; Dong-phil CHOI ; Hye-min KIM ; Bounggyun JU ; Kanwoo YOUN
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2025;37(1):e2-
A comprehensive list of occupational diseases among farmers is crucial for both compensation and prevention efforts. In Korea, most farmers are self-employed, and some occupational diseases are compensated through farmer safety insurance. However, it is not harmonized with industrial accident compensation insurance and does not adequately reflect the true burden of occupational diseases among farmers. To address this gap, the authors compiled a list of occupational diseases tailored to Korean farmers by reviewing the International Labor Organization’s list of occupational diseases, the Korean Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance List, the occupational disease lists of other countries, and relevant literature on farmers’ work-related diseases.
10.Eosinophilic Cholangitis Diagnosed in a Patient with Abnormal Liver Enzymes: A Case Report
Sung Hoon CHANG ; Jun Yeol KIM ; Yong Soo SONG ; Tae Seung LEE ; Jin Ho CHOI ; Woo Hyun PAIK ; Sang Hyub LEE ; Ji Kon RYU ; In Rae CHO
Korean Journal of Pancreas and Biliary Tract 2025;30(1):19-25
It is difficult to determine a cause of bile duct stricture and dilatation. Eosinophilic cholangitis, a rare benign condition, may be one cause of bile duct stricture and dilatation. It can be evaluated using various methods of histopathology, radiographs, endoscopy, and hematologic findings. Treatment generally involves steroid therapy which can lead to improvement. This case report will discuss eosinophilic cholangitis, emphasizing that while it can easily be overlooked but should be considered in differential diagnoses.

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