There is a bidirectional relationship between intestinal flora and bile acids,and the imbalance of intestinal flora-bile acid axis metabolism is closely related to hypertension.Based on classical TCM literature and clinical practice,this article found that"earth deficiency"is the important pathological basis of hypertension,"wood depression"is the initiating factor of hypertension,and"earth deficiency and wood depression"is the key pathogenesis of hypertension.Combined with the research results of modern medicine and molecular biology,it is considered that the imbalance of intestinal flora and abnormal bile acid metabolism are closely related to the"earth deficiency"and"wood depression"of TCM respectively,and the imbalance of intestinal flora-bile acid axis coincides with the"earth deficiency and wood depression"of TCM in the process of hypertension.It is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the biological connotation of hypertension"earth deficiency and wood depression"from the perspective of intestinal flora-bile acid axis for guiding TCM to prevent and treat hypertension.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Zhengan Xifengtang on blood pressure and fecal microflora of spontaneously hypertensive rats （SHRs）. MethodA total of 75 male SHRs aged nine weeks were randomly divided into SHR group， Benazepril group （1.00 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， high-dose Zhengan Xifengtang group （34.5 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， medium-dose Zhengan Xifengtang group （17.25 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and low-dose Zhengan Xifengtang group （8.625 g·kg^-1·d^-1）. A total of 15 male Wistar-Kyoto （WKY） rats aged nine weeks were selected as the normal group. The normal group and SHR group were administrated with an equal volume of distilled water for eight weeks. During the administration， the blood pressure of the rats was measured regularly. After the intervention， fresh feces were collected with a sterile frozen storage tube， and 16S amplicon information was collected and analyzed. Plasma， hippocampus， and ileum of rats were collected for ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS） detection. ResultZhengan Xifengtang decreased the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of SHRs. Compared with the SHR group， Zhengan Xifengtang decreased the diversity of fecal microflora of SHRs. At the phylum level， Zhengan Xifengtang increased the relative abundance of SHR Verrucomicrobia and Actinobacteria and decreased the relative abundance of Synergistetes， Tenericutes， and Candidatus Saccharibacteria. Compared with the SHR group， Zhengan Xifengtang increased the relative abundance of Blautia wexlerae， Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans， and Akkermansia muciniphila and decreased the relative abundance of Clostridium lavalense， Intestinimonas butyriciproducens， Acetatifactor muris， Alloprevotella rava， and Oscillibacter valericigenes. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the systolic blood pressure of rats was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Ethanoligenens， Aerococcus， Butyrivibrio， Olsenella， Bifidobacterium， Clostridium XIVb， Allobaculum， and Fusicatenibacter and positively correlated with the relative abundance of Alloprevotella. Zhengan Xifengtang increased the contents of plasma， hippocampal 5-hydroxy tryptamine（5-HT）， and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid（5-HIAA） in SHRs and decreased the contents of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in the ileum， and the content of 5-HT in the hippocampus was negatively correlated with that in the ileum. ConclusionZhengan Xifengtang can reduce the blood pressure of SHRs， which may be related to reducing the diversity of SHR microflora， regulating the structure of the microflora， increasing the relative abundance of 5-HT and short-chain fatty acids bacteria， and lowering the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria related to intestinal inflammation.

Twelve compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the 80% aqueous ethanol extract of the roots and stems of Dalbergia rimosa Roxb. by silica gel, MCI, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectral analysis such as UV, IR, MS, 1D/2D NMR and by comparison with literature information as dalbergiquinol A (1), dalbergiquinol B (2), R-(-)-3′-hydroxy-2,4,5-trimethoxydalbergiquinol (3), neokhriol A (4), mucronulatol (5), (3R)-7,2′,3′-trihydroxy-4′-methoxy-isoflavane (6), isomucronulatol (7), (3S)-violanone (8), 3′-O-methylviolanone (9), eryvarin M (10), (±)-α,3,4,2′,4′-pentahydroxydihydrochalcone (11) and (-)-butin (12). Compound 1 and 2 are new compounds, and compounds 3-12 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 12 showed good scavenging effect on DPPH free radical.

This is the first reported case of a female with monkeypox infection in Kunming City,Yunnan Province.An epi-demiological investigation was conducted to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of monkeypox epidemics in China,especially for early detection in females in accordance with the"Monkeypox prevention and control program(2023 ver-sion)".Diagnosis was performed as described in the"Monkeypox Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines(2022 version)".Speci-mens were collected for laboratory testing.The epidemiological investigation determined that the female patient had sexual in-tercourse with her newly married husband once before disease onset and the husband hid his history of male homosexual sex.The laboratory test results of the woman and her husband were positive for the nucleic acid of the monkeypox virus.Both had typical clinical symptoms,including rash.The epidemiological investigation,clinical symptoms,laboratory test results,and previous epidemic data of monkeypox in Yunnan province confirmed the woman as the first female infected with monkeypox in Yunnan Province and her husband was the presumed source of infection.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of acupuncture combined with Shenqi Huoxue Decoction in the treatment of adenomyosis of qi deficiency and blood stasis type.Methods Seventy patients with adenomyosis of qi deficiency and blood stasis type were randomly divided into observation group and control group,35 cases in each group.The control group was treated with Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system,and the observation group was treated with acupuncture combined with Shenqi Huoxue Decoction on the basis of the treatment of the control group.One menstrual cycle was a course of treatment,and the treatment lasted for three courses.After 3 months of treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated,and the changes of Endometriosis Health Profile-5(EHP-5)score,serum superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)were observed in the two groups before and after treatment.The changes of serum carbohydrate antigen CA125,carbohydrate antigen 199(CA199)and human epididymis protein 4(HE4)levels were compared before and after treatment between the two groups.Results(1)The total effective rate was 97.14％(34/35)in the observation group and 77.14％(27/35)in the control group.The clinical efficacy of the observation group was superior to that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the levels of serum CA125,CA199 and HE4 in the two groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the improvement of serum CA1 25,CA199 and HE4 levels in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,the levels of serum SOD and CAT in the two groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the improvement of serum SOD and CAT levels in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(4)After treatment,the EHP-5 score of quality of life in the two groups was significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the EHP-5 score of quality of life in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture combined with Shenqi Huoxue Decoction in the treatment of adenomyosis of qi deficiency and blood stasis type can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of patients,regulate the levels of SOD and CAT,so as to improve the quality of life of patients,and the curative effect is significant.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of proteasome inhibitor MG132 on memory impairment induced by chronic hypoxia in mice.Methods(1)A hypoxic model of the mouse midbrain dopaminergic neuron cell line MN9D was established using a hypoxia workstation.To observe the effects of hypoxia on the expression of TH,Ub-K48 and Ub-K63,MN9D cells were divided into normoxia group and hypoxia(12 h,24 h and 48 h)groups.To observe the effects of MG132 on the expression of the above-mentioned proteins,MN9D cells were divided into normoxia group,hypoxia group and hypoxia + MG132(25,50,100,200 μmol/L)group.(2)A mouse model of memory impairment was established using a hypobaric chamber.To observe the effects of hypobaric hypoxia on the expression of TH,Ub-K48 and Ub-K63 in the substantia nigra compacta(SNc)of mice,thirty C57BL/6 mice were randomly and equally divided into normoxia group and hypobaric hypoxia(3 d and 21 d)groups,10 in each group.To observe the effects of MG132 on spatial memory impairment induced by hypobaric hypoxia,twenty-four C57BL/6 mice were randomly and equally divided into normoxia group,hypobaric hypoxia 21 d group and hypobaric hypoxia 21 d+MG132 group,8 in each group.(3)The protein expression levels of TH,Ub-K48,and Ub-K63 in MN9D cells which were either subjected to different durations of hypoxia treatment or pre-treated with MG132 prior to hypoxia treatment were detected using Western blotting(WB).The novel object recognition test was used to detect the memory function of mice.Immunofluorescence was used to detect the proportion of positive immunoreactive area of TH response in the SNc region.The expression levels of TH,Ub-K48,and Ub-K63 in the SNc region were detected by WB.Results(1)Compared with normoxia group,MN9D cells in hypoxia 24 h group showed increasing expression of Ub-K48 and Ub-K63(P<0.05),and decreasing expression of TH(P<0.05),and MN9D cells in all hypoxia groups showed increasing expression of Ub-K48/TH and Ub-K63/TH(P<0.05).Compared with hypoxia group,MN9D cells showed decreasing expression of Ub-K48/TH and Ub-K63/TH in hypoxia + MG132 100 umol/L group and hypoxia + MG132 200 umol/L group(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the mice in normoxia group,mice in 3 d and 21 d hypobaric hypoxia groups showed decreasing expression of TH(P<0.001),and increasing expression of Ub-K48/TH and Ub-K63/TH(P<0.05)in the SNc region.Compared with normoxia group,the mice in 21 d hypobaric hypoxia group showed a lower new object recognition index(P<0.01),and the proportion of positive immunoreactive area of TH response in the SNc region(P<0.05).Compared with 21 d hypobaric hypoxia group,the mice in hypobaric hypoxia 21 d+MG132 group showed a higher new object recognition index(P<0.01).Conclusion The proteasome inhibitor MG132 could alleviate the memory impairment induced by chronic hypoxia in mice,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Ub-K63 and Ub-K48,which in turn upregulates expression of TH in dopaminergic neurons.

Refractory depression is a drug-resistant subtype of major depressive disorder for which there is a lack of effective and durable treatments.Seroxibine,the active substance in the mushroom Capsicum annuum,is a natural 5-hydroxytryptamine hallucinogen that activates the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor to mediate multiple aspects of antidepressant effects.In recent years,it has received renewed attention for its outstanding therapeutic effects in the treatment of refractory depression or other psychiatric disorders.Therefore,this paper summarizes the studies on neuroplasticity,brain neural connectivity network,neurotransmitters,immune factors,microbiota-gut-brain axis,and clinical efficacy of seloxipine in domestic and international literature,and explores the possible mechanisms of seloxipine's effect on refractory depression,with a view to providing theoretical basis for the clinical application of this drug.

Based on the genomic information of Emericella sp. 1454, in conjunction with literature analysis of its secondary metabolite emestrin, this study identified the biosynthetic precursors of emestrin and enhanced its production by supplementing the culture medium with these precursors. In this study, it was found for the first time that the addition of biosynthetic precursor, reduced glutathione, to the culture medium significantly increased emestrin yield. By incorporating 1.5 g of reduced glutathione into 50 g of rice culture medium and fermenting for 15 days, a yield of 30.82 mg of emestrin was obtained, which marked an 11.71-fold increase compared to the original fermentation approach. The method is both simple and cost-effective, establishing a solid foundation for the efficient synthesis of emestrin and similar compounds. Additionally, it serves as an important reference for enhancing the production of other epipolythiodioxopiperazine compounds.

Separation and determination of chiral and achiral impurities in glimepiride tablets by supercritical fluid chromatography. Chiral and achiral impurities were separated on a ACQUITY UPC² Trefoil^TM CEL1 column (150 mm × 3.0 mm, 2.5 μm) maintained at 30 ℃ with the mobile phase containing a mixture of CO₂ and methanol-isopropanol (1∶1) at 1 mL·min^-1, and the detection wavelength was set at 228 nm. The back pressure was set at 13.8 MPa. The injection volume was 5 μL. In the chromatogram of the system suitability solution, the peaks elute in the following order: impurity Ⅳ, impurity Ⅴ, glimepiride, impurity Ⅲ, impurity Ⅰ and impurity Ⅱ. The six substances were separated successfully in 6 min using the proposed method with a resolution factor of 2.9, 1.6, 3.0, 2.0, 6.4. The impurity Ⅰ-Ⅴ detection limit (S/N = 3) was 0.17, 0.10, 0.06, 0.15, 0.10 μg·mL^-1, respectively. Good linear relationship was established between the peak response and the concentration in the range of 0.48-51.30 μg·mL^-1 for all impurities. The spiked recovery of impurity Ⅰ-Ⅴ was found to be acceptable for 99.9%, 98.9%, 102.1%, 100.1%, 96.3% (n = 9), respectively. The related substance and assay results of 11 sample batches are consistent with the results obtained using the HPLC method in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Compared to the two HPLC methods in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the established supercritical fluid chromatography method can simultaneously separate glimepiride and its 5 impurities in a single run, and it has the following advantages: simplified sample preparation, greatly reducing the volumes of organic solvents, environmentally friendly, high accuracy and good reproducibility. It can be employed for the quality control of the chiral and achiral impurities in glimepiride tablets.

Objective To investigate the effect of chaperone-mediated autophagy(CMA)on the damage of mouse microglial BV2 cells induce by unconjugated bilirubin(UCB).Methods The BV2 cell experiments were divided into two parts.(1)For the CMA activation experiment:control group(treated with an equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide),QX77 group(treated with 20 μmol/L QX77 for 24 hours),UCB group(treated with 40 μmol/L UCB for 24 hours),and UCB+QX77 group(treated with both 20 μmol/L QX77 and 40 μmol/L UCB for 24 hours).(2)For the cell transfection experiment:LAMP2A silencing control group(treated with an equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide),LAMP2A silencing control+UCB group(treated with 40 μmol/L UCB for 24 hours),LAMP2A silencing group(treated with an equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide),and LAMP2A silencing+UCB group(treated with 40 μmol/L UCB for 24 hours).The cell viability was assessed using the modified MTT method.The expression levels of p65,nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1(caspase-1)were detected by Western blot.The relative mRNA expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL)-l β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the cell culture supernatant were measured using ELISA.The co-localization of heat shock cognate protein 70 with p65 and NLRP3 was detected by immunofluorescence.Results Compared to the UCB group,the cell viability in the UCB+QX77 group increased,and the expression levels of inflammation-related proteins p65,NLRP3,and caspase-1,as well as the mRNA relative expression levels of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α and levels of IL-6 and TNF-αdecreased(P＜0.05).Compared to the control group,there was co-localization of heat shock cognate protein 70 with p65 and NLRP3 in both the UCB and UCB+QX77 groups.After silencing the LAMP2A gene,compared to the LAMP2A silencing control+UCB group,the LAMP2A silencing+UCB group showed increased expression levels of inflammation-related proteins p65,NLRP3,and caspase-1,as well as increased mRNA relative expression levels of IL-1 β,IL-6,and TNF-α and levels of IL-6 and TNF-α(P＜0.05).Conclusions CMA is inhibited in UCB-induced BV2 cell damage,and activating CMA may reduce p65 and NLRP3 protein levels,suppress inflammatory responses,and counteract bilirubin neurotoxicity.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(4):385-393]