Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease with high incidence and disability rates. Non-coding RNAs， as important regulatory factors for gene expression， play a key role in the development and progression of ischemic stroke， but their specific mechanisms of action remain unclear. This article systematically reviews the expression characteristics and regulatory roles of microRNAs， long non-coding RNAs， and circular RNAs in ischemic stroke and reveals the pathophysiological mechanisms of non-coding RNAs in ischemic injury by regulating the processes of cell apoptosis and autophagy， inflammatory response， blood-brain barrier integrity， and neuroregeneration. In addition， non-coding RNAs have shown the potential as biomarkers for the prediction， diagnosis， and prognostic evaluation of ischemic stroke. This article also analyzes the limitations of current research and proposes future research directions， so as to provide a theoretical foundation for exploring the mechanism of action of non-coding RNAs in ischemic stroke and developing innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Review

To interpret the evidence-to-decision （EtD） framework and to illustrate its application in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） guideline development using the example of the Pharmacovigilance Guideline of Chinese Patent Medicine， thereby providing methodological references for TCM guideline standardization. Based on the core three stages of the EtD framework （formulating the question， making an assessment of the evidence， and drawing conclusions）， critical decision points and evaluation evidence within the evidence-translation process were systematically addressed， aligning with the purpose， scope， and key questions of the guideline. Qualitative research methods， such as the nominal group technique， were employed to formulate recommendations. The analysis was conducted based on the EtD framework. During question formulation， the specific characteristics and practical needs of pharmacovigilance for Chinese patent medicines were clarified， focusing on the core objective of safety assurance throughout the product lifecycle. In the evidence assessment， multi-source evidence was integrated， including policy documents， literature research， and expert consensus， completing the evidence evaluation. Finally， in recommendation-forming， dispersed research evidence and expert experience were synthesized into consensus， culminating in the guideline's completion through solicitation of opinions and peer review. The EtD framework provides a structured tool for evidence-to-decision translation in TCM guideline development， effectively enhancing the transparency and scientific rigor of the process. Therefore， it is recommended that TCM guideline development adopt the EtD framework to improve the evidence-to-decision process with TCM characteristics.

The Guidelines for Construction of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacovigilance Systems in Medical Institutions （T/CACM 1563.2-2024） were the first special guideline in China to systematically assist medical institutions in establishing a pharmacovigilance system tailored to the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. This guideline was jointly developed with 23 authoritative medical and research institutions in China， under the lead of the Institute of Basic Clinical Medicine， China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. The purpose of this guideline was to standardize pharmacovigilance work throughout the entire lifecycle of TCM （including research and development， marketing， and application） and to establish a four-dimensional framework of "organizational structure， institutional system， information platform， and vigilance activities". Key components included the establishment of a TCM Safety Committee， the construction of nine core systems， the development of an information platform that complies with International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use （ICH） E2B standards， alongside the risk monitoring， identification， assessment， and control during clinical trials and post-marketing phases. Therefore， this guideline filled a significant gap in the systemic standards for TCM safety management within medical institutions. Strictly adhering to domestic and international laws and regulations， the guideline compilation involved multiple rounds of expert interviews， systematic evidence integration， and broad consensus. This guideline was specified to be applicable to medical institutions at all levels， primarily addressing core issues， including the difficulty in adverse reaction identification， low reporting rates， and incomplete risk management chains due to the complex composition and diverse application of TCM. The compilation process was scientific and rigorous， ensuring alignment with current national laws and regulations， and was registered internationally. In the future， implementation will be promoted through standardized training， tiered dissemination， as well as a post-effect evaluation and dynamic revision mechanism starting two years after publication. All these aimed to enhance medical institutions' proactive capabilities in preventing and controlling TCM safety risks， ensure patient medication safety， and promote the high-quality development of TCM.

To standardize the clinical application of oral Chinese patent medicines （CPMs）， and address the safety issues arising from their dosage form characteristics， irrational clinical use， and the lack of targeted pharmacovigilance systems， the China Association of Chinese Medicine organized the formulation and release of Pharmacovigilance Guidelines for Clinical Application of Oral Chinese Patent Medicines， aiming to inform the safe clinical use of oral CPMs and related pharmacovigilance work. According to the principles of GB/T1.1—2020 and the Drug Administration Law of the People's Republic of China （2019 revision）， the Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine， China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， led a drafting group comprising 18 institutions. After multiple rounds of expert interviews， literature retrieval， evidence screening， and extensive solicitation of opinions， the Guidelines were registered internationally. Systematic standardization focused on safety monitoring， risk identification， assessment， control， and other aspects. The Guidelines clarified the characteristics of oral CPMs in terms of safety monitoring， known risks， and potential risks， compared to non-oral CPMs. Then， risk control measures were proposed， including medication in special populations and irrational medication. As a special guideline for pharmacovigilance in the clinical application of oral CPMs， the Guidelines systematically construct a technical system in line with the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， which is essential for improving the clinical safety management of oral CPMs and provides an important reference for medical institutions， pharmaceutical manufacturers， and regulatory authorities.

Colorectal cancer， a leading malignant gastrointestinal tumor globally in terms of incidence and mortality， has seen a consistent annual rise in newly diagnosed cases. While conventional therapies like radiotherapy， chemotherapy， and surgery are available， problems such as lack of early diagnosis， poor prognosis， and drug resistance remain significant burdens for patients. Given the complex and diverse pathogenesis of colorectal cancer， there is an urgent clinical need for safe， effective， reliable， and multi-targeted therapeutic strategies. The Hippo signaling pathway， closely linked to mechanisms like tumorigenesis， cancer cell invasion， migration， and drug resistance， extensively participates in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer， so targeting the signaling pathway for cancer prevention and treatment has become a crucial research direction in recent years. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） offers multi-faceted， multi-pathway， and multi-target advantages and becomes an important therapy for colorectal cancer by enhancing patients' immunity， improving the life quality， and prolonging survival. Studies show that the active components of TCM， including flavonoids， terpenoids， phenols， alkaloids， quinones， lignans， and saponins， as well as TCM compounds such as modified Sijunzi decoction， Jiedu Sangen decoction， Jianpi Jiedu compound， and Quyu Jiedu decoction， exhibit significant targeting effects on the Hippo signaling pathway. These TCMs can exert an anti-colorectal cancer effect through various mechanisms， such as inducing cancer cell autophagy and apoptosis， inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition， reversing drug resistance of the tumor， and blocking the cancer cell cycle. This paper reviewed and analyzed Chinese and international research on the action mechanisms of TCM in regulating the Hippo signaling pathway for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer with a comprehensive overview presentation， aiming to provide new references and ideas for the clinical application of TCM and the development of new pharmacological agents in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.

To interpret the evidence-to-decision （EtD） framework and to illustrate its application in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） guideline development using the example of the Pharmacovigilance Guideline of Chinese Patent Medicine， thereby providing methodological references for TCM guideline standardization. Based on the core three stages of the EtD framework （formulating the question， making an assessment of the evidence， and drawing conclusions）， critical decision points and evaluation evidence within the evidence-translation process were systematically addressed， aligning with the purpose， scope， and key questions of the guideline. Qualitative research methods， such as the nominal group technique， were employed to formulate recommendations. The analysis was conducted based on the EtD framework. During question formulation， the specific characteristics and practical needs of pharmacovigilance for Chinese patent medicines were clarified， focusing on the core objective of safety assurance throughout the product lifecycle. In the evidence assessment， multi-source evidence was integrated， including policy documents， literature research， and expert consensus， completing the evidence evaluation. Finally， in recommendation-forming， dispersed research evidence and expert experience were synthesized into consensus， culminating in the guideline's completion through solicitation of opinions and peer review. The EtD framework provides a structured tool for evidence-to-decision translation in TCM guideline development， effectively enhancing the transparency and scientific rigor of the process. Therefore， it is recommended that TCM guideline development adopt the EtD framework to improve the evidence-to-decision process with TCM characteristics.

The Guidelines for Construction of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacovigilance Systems in Medical Institutions （T/CACM 1563.2-2024） were the first special guideline in China to systematically assist medical institutions in establishing a pharmacovigilance system tailored to the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. This guideline was jointly developed with 23 authoritative medical and research institutions in China， under the lead of the Institute of Basic Clinical Medicine， China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. The purpose of this guideline was to standardize pharmacovigilance work throughout the entire lifecycle of TCM （including research and development， marketing， and application） and to establish a four-dimensional framework of "organizational structure， institutional system， information platform， and vigilance activities". Key components included the establishment of a TCM Safety Committee， the construction of nine core systems， the development of an information platform that complies with International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use （ICH） E2B standards， alongside the risk monitoring， identification， assessment， and control during clinical trials and post-marketing phases. Therefore， this guideline filled a significant gap in the systemic standards for TCM safety management within medical institutions. Strictly adhering to domestic and international laws and regulations， the guideline compilation involved multiple rounds of expert interviews， systematic evidence integration， and broad consensus. This guideline was specified to be applicable to medical institutions at all levels， primarily addressing core issues， including the difficulty in adverse reaction identification， low reporting rates， and incomplete risk management chains due to the complex composition and diverse application of TCM. The compilation process was scientific and rigorous， ensuring alignment with current national laws and regulations， and was registered internationally. In the future， implementation will be promoted through standardized training， tiered dissemination， as well as a post-effect evaluation and dynamic revision mechanism starting two years after publication. All these aimed to enhance medical institutions' proactive capabilities in preventing and controlling TCM safety risks， ensure patient medication safety， and promote the high-quality development of TCM.

To standardize the clinical application of oral Chinese patent medicines （CPMs）， and address the safety issues arising from their dosage form characteristics， irrational clinical use， and the lack of targeted pharmacovigilance systems， the China Association of Chinese Medicine organized the formulation and release of Pharmacovigilance Guidelines for Clinical Application of Oral Chinese Patent Medicines， aiming to inform the safe clinical use of oral CPMs and related pharmacovigilance work. According to the principles of GB/T1.1—2020 and the Drug Administration Law of the People's Republic of China （2019 revision）， the Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine， China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， led a drafting group comprising 18 institutions. After multiple rounds of expert interviews， literature retrieval， evidence screening， and extensive solicitation of opinions， the Guidelines were registered internationally. Systematic standardization focused on safety monitoring， risk identification， assessment， control， and other aspects. The Guidelines clarified the characteristics of oral CPMs in terms of safety monitoring， known risks， and potential risks， compared to non-oral CPMs. Then， risk control measures were proposed， including medication in special populations and irrational medication. As a special guideline for pharmacovigilance in the clinical application of oral CPMs， the Guidelines systematically construct a technical system in line with the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， which is essential for improving the clinical safety management of oral CPMs and provides an important reference for medical institutions， pharmaceutical manufacturers， and regulatory authorities.

Colorectal cancer， a leading malignant gastrointestinal tumor globally in terms of incidence and mortality， has seen a consistent annual rise in newly diagnosed cases. While conventional therapies like radiotherapy， chemotherapy， and surgery are available， problems such as lack of early diagnosis， poor prognosis， and drug resistance remain significant burdens for patients. Given the complex and diverse pathogenesis of colorectal cancer， there is an urgent clinical need for safe， effective， reliable， and multi-targeted therapeutic strategies. The Hippo signaling pathway， closely linked to mechanisms like tumorigenesis， cancer cell invasion， migration， and drug resistance， extensively participates in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer， so targeting the signaling pathway for cancer prevention and treatment has become a crucial research direction in recent years. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） offers multi-faceted， multi-pathway， and multi-target advantages and becomes an important therapy for colorectal cancer by enhancing patients' immunity， improving the life quality， and prolonging survival. Studies show that the active components of TCM， including flavonoids， terpenoids， phenols， alkaloids， quinones， lignans， and saponins， as well as TCM compounds such as modified Sijunzi decoction， Jiedu Sangen decoction， Jianpi Jiedu compound， and Quyu Jiedu decoction， exhibit significant targeting effects on the Hippo signaling pathway. These TCMs can exert an anti-colorectal cancer effect through various mechanisms， such as inducing cancer cell autophagy and apoptosis， inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition， reversing drug resistance of the tumor， and blocking the cancer cell cycle. This paper reviewed and analyzed Chinese and international research on the action mechanisms of TCM in regulating the Hippo signaling pathway for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer with a comprehensive overview presentation， aiming to provide new references and ideas for the clinical application of TCM and the development of new pharmacological agents in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.

After continuous development and improvement, lung transplantation has become the preferred means to treat a variety of benign end-stage lung diseases. However, the field of lung transplantation still faces many challenges, including shortage of donor resources, preservation and maintenance of donor lungs, and postoperative complications. Lung tissue samples removed after lung transplantation are excellent clinical resources for the study of benign end-stage lung disease and perioperative complications of lung transplantation. However, at present, the collection, storage and utilization of tissue samples after lung transplantation are limited to a single study, and unified technical specifications have not been formed. Based on the construction plan of the biobank for lung transplantation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, this study reviewed the practical experience in the collection, storage and utilization of lung transplant tissue samples in the aspects of ethical review, staffing, collection process, storage method, quality control and efficient utilization, in order to provide references for lung transplant related research.