Objective To explore the diagnostic value of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and SinoMed databases up to August 7, 2024. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected for data extraction and quality assessment. The quality of included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and the risk of bias and applicability of included prediction model studies were assessed by the prediction model risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST). Results A total of 10 studies were included, among which 5 studies only identified specific exhaled VOCs in CF patients, and another 5 developed 7 CF risk prediction models based on the identification of VOCs in CF. The included studies reported a total of 75 exhaled VOCs, most of which belonged to the categories of acylcarnitines, aldehydes, acids, and esters. Most models (n=6, 85.7%) only included exhaled VOCs as predictive factors, and only one model included factors other than VOCs, including forced expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF75) and modified Medical Research Council scale for the assessment of dyspnea (mMRC). The accuracy of the models ranged from 77% to 100%, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged from 0.771 to 0.988. None of the included studies provided information on the calibration of the models. The results of the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) showed that the overall bias risk of all predictive model studies was high, and the overall applicability was unclear. Conclusion The exhaled VOCs reported in the included studies showed significant heterogeneity, and more research is needed to explore specific compounds for CF. In addition, risk prediction models based on exhaled VOCs have certain value in the diagnosis of CF, but the overall bias risk is relatively high and needs further optimization from aspects such as model construction and validation.

Abstract In recent years, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has risen rapidly, posing a serious threat to their physical and mental health. To provide scientific, systematic, and standardized weight management guidance for overweight and obese children and adolescents, the study focuses on the core concept of healthy lifestyle intervention, integrates multidisciplinary expert opinions and research findings,and proposes a comprehensive multidisciplinary intervention framework covering scientific exercise intervention, precise nutrition and diet, optimized sleep management, and standardized psychological support. It calls for the establishment of a multi agent collaborative management mechanism led by the government, implemented by families, fostered by schools, initiated by individuals, optimized by communities, reinforced by healthcare, and coordinated by multiple stakeholders. Emphasizing a child and adolescent centered approach, the consensus advocates for comprehensive, multi level, and personalized guidance strategies to promote the internalization and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle. It serves as a reference and provides recommendations for the effective prevention and control of overweight and obesity, and enhancing the health level of children and adolescents.

Objective : To investigate the effects of branched-chain amino acid(BCAA) on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and its potential mechanism. Methods : 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were divided into the Control, differentiation medium(DM), low-concentration BCAA, and high-concentration BCAA groups. A CCK-8 assay was utilized to evaluate pre-adipocyte survival under various BCAA concentrations. Oil-red O staining was used to observe the formation of lipid droplets in adipocytes. Intracellular triglyceride(TG) and total cholesterol(TC) were detected by enzymatic method. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of Stat3 and adipocyte differentiation-related genes. Results : CCK-8 results showed that the viability of 3T3-L1 cells was not affected when the BCAA concentration was ≤ 10 mmol/L. Compared with the DM group, the low-concentration BCAA groups(0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L) had significantly larger intracellular lipid droplets, increased number of lipid droplets, and elevated levels of the intracellular TC(0.88vs0.68 mmol/g; 0.83vs0.68 mmol/g,P<0.01) and TG(0.77vs0.40 mmol/g; 0.62vs0.40 mmol/g,P<0.01). Nevertheless, the cell differentiation in the high-concentration group(5.0 and 10.0 mmol/L) significantly decreased compared with that in the DM group. Further, levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα, Adiponectin, and FABP4 mRNA and protein expression significantly increased in the low-concentration group, but significantly decreased in the high-concentration group than that in the DM group(P<0.01). In addition, low concentrations of BCAA promoted stat3 phosphorylation, while high concentrations inhibited its phosphorylation(P<0.01). Conclusion BCAA have a dual role in regulating the differentiation of preadipocytes through Stat3, i.e. low concentrations of BCAA induce cell differentiation by promoting Stat3 phosphorylation; whereas high concentrations of BCAA inhibit Stat3 phosphorylation and cell differentiation.

A novel analytical method was developed in this study by combining online solid phase extraction with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(Online SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)for simultaneous determination of 50 kinds of steroid hormones in surface water.Specifically,after high-speed centrifugation of 4 mL water samples,the supernatant was directly injected into an Oasis HLB online SPE column for enrichment and purification.Subsequently,the target compounds were transferred to the analytical column via valve switching for separation and analysis.The chromatographic separation was performed on a Thermo Acclaim RSLC C18 column(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.2 μm),using a mobile phase composed of 5 mmol/L ammonium fluoride aqueous solution and acetonitrile.Mass spectrometric detection was conducted in positive ion mode,utilizing multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)with quantification achieved by the internal standard method.The method validation demonstrated that the limits of detection(LOD)for the 50 kinds of steroid hormones ranged from 0.02 to 0.50 ng/L,while the limits of quantification(LOQ)were between 0.08 and 1.67 ng/L.The average recoveries in surface water samples at spiked concentrations of 5,20 and 200 ng/L were between 74.1％and 119％,with relative standard deviations(RSDs)of 0.2％to 9.9％.This method was applied to analyze 11 surface water samples collected from sites surrounding a pharmaceutical and chemical industrial park.A total of 44 kinds of steroid hormones were detected,with concentrations ranging from 0.11 to 88.6 ng/L,revealing the presence of hormone contamination in the environmental waters surrounding industrial areas.Compared with the traditional offline SPE methods,the proposed online SPE technique significantly reduced sample volume requirements and pretreatment time,while minimizing the loss of target compounds during the pretreatment process.Moreover,compared to reported online SPE techniques,this method achieved high-throughput analysis of multiple classes of steroid hormones,with lower detection limits and higher recoveries.Overall,this method provided rapid sample preparation,high sensitivity,and excellent stability,making it suitable for the direct analysis of trace steroid hormones in surface water.

Objective:To investigate the differences in clinical characteristics and antibiotic resistance of neonatal sepsis（NS）caused by different Gram-staining pathogens.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on confirmed NS cases admitted to the Neonatal Ward of the Pediatric Department at The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University，from June 1，2014，to May 31，2024.Patients were divided into Gram-positive and Gram-negative groups based on blood or cerebrospinal fluid（CSF）culture results.Clinical characteristics，pathogen distribution，and antibiotic resistance were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 98 cases were included，with 81 in the Gram-positive group and 17 in the Gram-negative group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that NS cases with a high neutrophil percentage（ OR=0.933，95% CI：0.899-0.969）or hemorrhagic symptoms/signs（ OR=0.059，95% CI：0.008-0.458）were less likely to have Gram-positive pathogens detected in blood or CSF cultures（ P<0.05）.Common Gram-positive pathogens included Staphylococcus epidermidis with 35 strains（33.65%）and Staphylococcus hominis with 22 strains（21.15%）.The predominant Gram-negative pathogen was Escherichia coli with 14 strains（13.46%）.Gram-positive pathogens exhibited high resistance to oxacillin（91.30%），erythromycin（90.91%），and penicillin G（90.00%），but low resistance to tigecycline（0），linezolid（0），and vancomycin（0）.Gram-negative pathogens showed high resistance to ampicillin（92.31%），cefazolin（90.00%），and ampicillin/sulbactam（75.00%），but low resistance to amikacin（6.25%），latamoxef（0），and ertapenem（0）.The incidence of concurrent purulent meningitis was lower in the Gram-positive group than in the Gram-negative group（9.88% vs.47.06%， χ2=11.628， P<0.05），and there was significant difference. Conclusion:NS cases with high neutrophil percentages or hemorrhagic symptoms/signs are less likely to be caused by Gram-positive pathogens.Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus hominis are common Gram-positive pathogens，while Escherichia coli is the predominant Gram-negative pathogen in NS.Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens exhibit resistance to specific antibiotics.NS caused by Gram-positive pathogens is less likely to be complicated by purulent meningitis compared to those caused by Gram-negative pathogens.

Liquid biopsy,as an emerging minimally invasive early detection method for tumors,has shown great potential;however,several challenges limit its application in tumor diagnosis.Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids(tFNAs)have garnered significant attention in the biomedical field due to their structural stabili-ty,programmability,and superior intracellular endocytosis and tissue penetration capabilities.These properties make tFNAs an ideal candidate for constructing advanced biosensing platforms for liquid biopsy applications.tFNAs significantly enhance the binding efficiency of circulating tumor cells(CTCs),circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA),and extracellular vesicles(EVs),thereby improving the sensitivity and detection capability of the liquid biopsy biosensing platform.This review provides a comprehensive overview of tFNAs-based biosensors in the liquid biopsy field.It elaborates on the synthesis,characteristics,and applications of tFNAs in detecting CTCs,ctDNA,and EVs.Additionally,it discusses the diverse strategies and advantages of tFNAs in biosens-ing applications,highlighting how these features significantly enhance the performance and reliability of bio-sensors.Finally,this review addresses the current challenges faced by tFNAs in liquid biopsy and explores their future prospects,aiming to facilitate early screening,precise diagnosis,and integrated diagnostic-treat-ment approaches for tumors.

Objective Based on a complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA)-induced chronic inflammatory pain model,we compared and analyzed the differences in anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of moxibustion intervention initiated at different timepoints,aiming to identify the optimal timing for moxibustion intervention.The goal is to establish standardized intervention protocols for basic research on the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of moxibustion.Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups based on the moxibustion initiation timepoints of 4,7,and 10 d after modeling.Then,the mice in each group were randomly assigned to 3 subgroups,including a control group,a model group,and a moxibustion group,with 8 mice in each subgroup.Chronic inflammatory pain was induced by injecting 20 μL of CFA into the sole of the right hind paw.Moxibustion applied at the"Zusanli"acupoint for 30 minutes started on the 4th,7th,and 10th days after modeling,and the intervention continued for 7 days.The latency of paw withdrawal to thermal radiation was measured to evaluate the pain threshold before modeling,after modeling,and on the 1st,4th,and 7th days of treatment.Foot volume was measured to assess toe swelling before modeling,after modeling,and on the 1st and 7th days of treatment.Results Compared with the control group,the model group exhibited a reduced pain threshold(P＜0.0001)and increased paw volume(P＜0.0001).Compared with the model group,the subgroups receiving moxibustion intervention initiated on the 4th,7th,and 10th days post-modeling exhibited an increased pain threshold(P＜0.05,P＜0.0001).However,the paw volume of the subgroups receiving moxibustion intervention initiated on the 4th day post-modeling increased(P＜0.0001),while those of the subgroups receiving moxibustion intervention initiated on the 7th and 10th days post-modeling decreased(P＜0.0001).Among the intervention subgroups receiving moxibustion initiated on days 4,7,and 10,the day 7 intervention-initiating subgroup showed significant increase in pain threshold(P＜0.05,P＜0.0001),and the day 7 and day 10 intervention-initiating subgroups showed significantly reduced paw volume(P＜0.0001).Conclusion Considering both the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of moxibustion,day 7 post-modeling may be the optimal time for moxibustion to achieve effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic outcomes.

On October 9th,2023,the Disease Control and Prevention Center of Donghu High Tech Zone in Wuhan City received a report of a case of imported malaria.The patient was admitted due to intermittent fever that had persisted for 3 days,accompanied by a 1 h consciousness disorder,and the family of the patient reported a recent history of travel to the Democratic Republic of Congo in Africa.Upon admission,the rapid diagnostic method(RDT)was used to test for malarial parasite antigens and peripheral blood smear microscopy was performed to detect the presence of malignant malaria parasites.On the basis of epidemiology,clinical symptoms,and laboratory testing,a diagnosis of severe malignant malaria was made,and immediate standardized anti-malarial treatment was accordingly administered.After 4 days of treatment,peripheral blood smear microscopy revealed no plasmodium parasites observed.After 37 days,the patient was recovered and discharged from the hospital.

Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus, which was previously limited to epidemics in Africa. Since 2022, monkeypox has rapidly spread worldwide, affecting 130 countries and regions. The World Health Organization declared it a public health emergency of international concern, in 2022 and 2024, respectively. The monkeypox virus has exhibited accelerated mutation rates, with diverse circulating strains. Children and men who have sex with men have emerged as the primary high-risk group. Additionally, the increase in asymptomatic infections and atypical mild rashes has complicated differential diagnosis, posing entirely challenges to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention and control of monkeypox. This article reviews the research progress on the etiological characteristics, epidemiological features, clinical manifestations, and prevention and treatment strategies of monkeypox by retrieving the literature on monkeypox from January 1958 to January 2025, so as to provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of monkeypox.

The chemical constituents were systematically separated from the roots of Berberis polyantha by various chromatographic methods, including silica gel column chromatography, HP20 column chromatography, polyamide column chromatography, reversed-phase C_(18) column chromatography, and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The structures of the compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic techniques(1D NMR, 2D NMR, UV, MS, and CD). Four phenylpropanoids were isolated from the methanol extract of the roots of B. polyantha, and they were identified as(2R)-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1), methyl 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoate(2),(+)-syringaresinol(3), and syringaresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(4). Compound 1 was a new compound, and other compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. The anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds was evaluated based on the release of nitric oxide(NO) in the culture of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. At a concentration of 10 μmol·L~(-1), all the four compounds inhibited the LPS-induced release of NO in RAW264.7 cells, demonstrating potential anti-inflammatory properties.
Plant Roots/chemistry* ; Animals ; Mice ; Berberis/chemistry* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Macrophages/immunology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification* ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism* ; Molecular Structure ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification*