Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory disease of hair follicle sebaceous gland units,with an incidence of up to 85% in adolescents.The pathogenesis is closely related to androgen,sebum secretion,lipophilic microbial infection,and immune-inflammatory reaction.This article reviews the signaling pathways related to acne from the aspects of inflammatory signaling pathways and sebum secretion pathways.
Acne Vulgaris ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Sebaceous Glands ; Sebum ; Signal Transduction

Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma ; Animals ; Communicable Diseases ; Fibroma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lung ; Male ; Mammals ; Penis ; Rodentia ; Sebaceous Glands ; Uterus

No abstract available.
Esophagus ; Sebaceous Glands

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical characteristics and histological features of tumors in caruncles. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 126 eyes of 126 patients who underwent incisional or excisional biopsy of conjunctival masses between March 2008 and December 2016. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients (19.0%) including 10 males and 14 females had a mass located on the caruncle. The mean age at diagnosis was 41.8 ± 13.4 years (range, 15–67 years). Most patients (75%) visited us for a cosmetically visible mass without other symptoms. The mean duration of symptoms was 73.8 ± 113.0 months (range, 1–240 months). The most common histological diagnosis was a melanocytic tumor (50%) followed by a sebaceous gland tumor (12.5%), an epidermoid cyst (12.5%), and papilloma (12.5%). The symptom duration of the melanocytic tumor was significantly longer than other types of tumors (153.6 ± 139.8 months, p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Caruncular tumors accounted for 19% of all conjunctival tumors. The most common pathological diagnosis of a caruncular tumor was a melanocytic tumor, which had a characteristically long symptom duration.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Epidermal Cyst ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Papilloma ; Retrospective Studies ; Sebaceous Glands

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the fibrosis of skin, heart, lung, and kidney as well. Excessive activation of fibroblasts is associated with higher expression of Notch1 and/or Notch3 genes. The constitutive expression of NOTCH genes was described in epithelial cells: epidermal keratinocytes, hair follicle cells and sebaceous glands. The NOTCH signalling pathway may be involved in the development of fibrosis, myofibroblast formation and the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Activation of the NOTCH pathway leads to morphological, phenotypic and functional changes in epithelial cells. Furthermore, inhibition of Notch signalling prevent the development of fibrosis in different models, among them, bleomycin-induced fibrosis and in the Task-1 mause model. Molecular mechanisms, including the role of NOTCH signaling pathway, associated with fibrosis in SSc have not been completely recognized.
Epithelial Cells ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Fibroblasts ; Fibrosis ; Hair Follicle ; Heart ; Keratinocytes ; Kidney ; Lung ; Myofibroblasts ; Scleroderma, Systemic ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin ; Transforming Growth Factor beta

PURPOSE: A case of bilateral lacrimal caruncle steatocystoma simplex and sebaceous gland hyperplasia, which rarely occurs in the periocular area, is reported. CASE SUMMARY: A 42-year-old female presented with a bilateral caruncular mass, which had been growing for a few months. A physical examination revealed soft, non-tender, rounded masses and no other ophthalmic findings. Under local anesthesia, the masses were completely excised. In the histopathological examination, a cystic mass containing a sebaceous gland in the stratified squamous epithelium cyst wall was found. A hyperplastic sebaceous gland and a dilated sebaceous gland duct were also found. Steatocystoma simplex and sebaceous gland hyperplasia, respectively, were diagnosed. There was no recurrence or complication after excision. CONCLUSIONS: Steatocystoma simplex and sebaceous gland hyperplasia are benign tumors that rarely occur in the lacrimal caruncle. They can be diagnosed and treated by complete excision. Steatocystoma simplex and sebaceous gland hyperplasia should therefore be considered as differential diagnoses of a lacrimal caruncle mass.
Adult ; Anesthesia, Local ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Physical Examination ; Recurrence ; Sebaceous Glands

Ectopic sebaceous glands are found very rarely in the esophagus; heretofore, several cases have been reported. The sebaceous gland is originally a source of an endodermal origin; however, there have been controversies regarding whether the origin of the esophageal ectopic sebaceous gland is ectodermal or endodermal. Ectopic sebaceous glands of the esophagus usually do not cause symptoms; thus, they are often found incidentally on endoscopy for routine health screening. Endoscopic findings are characterized by single or multiple yellow patches or nodular lesions of various sizes, sometimes with small central openings. We report two cases of esophageal ectopic sebaceous glands found incidentally during endoscopy with magnifying endoscopic findings. The lesions were in the mid-esophagus and lower esophagus, respectively, and both endoscopic findings were similar as multiple yellowish patches or plaques. Magnifying endoscopy revealed the openings of the excretory ducts surrounded by circular microvessels in both cases.
Ectoderm ; Endoderm ; Endoscopy* ; Esophagus ; Mass Screening ; Microvessels ; Sebaceous Glands*

No abstract available.
Capillaries* ; Granuloma, Pyogenic* ; Hyperplasia* ; Nose* ; Sebaceous Glands*

OBJECTIVES: The earwax (cerumen) that covers external auditory canal (EAC) skin contains a mixture of ceruminous and sebaceous gland substances, such as lipids, peptides, and proteins. The components secreted from the ceruminous gland that is a modified sweat gland form cerumen and contain several antimicrobial factors. Since substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), known as a secretagogue, have been found in sweat glands, our purpose was to determine the expression of SP and CGRP in the glands of EAC skin. METHODS: Sections of normal human EAC skins were immunostained for the presence of SP and CGRP using polyclonal antibodies. Immunoreactivity was detected using an avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method. RESULTS: SP staining was found in ceruminous gland acini and myoepithelial cells. But the SP staining was not found in the sebaceous glands and epidermal region. CGRP was strongly stained in the ceruminous gland and weakly in the sebaceous gland cells. Interestingly, most prominent staining of SP and CGRP was noted in the myoepithelial cells of the ceruminous gland. CONCLUSION: The findings in this study suggest that SP and CGRP are expressed in the glands of the EAC skin and secreted in the process of ceruminous gland secretion.
Antibodies ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide* ; Calcitonin* ; Cerumen ; Ear Canal* ; Humans ; Methods ; Peptides ; Peroxidase ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin* ; Substance P* ; Sweat Glands

Nevus sebaceus is a hamartoma of the sebaceous gland that occurs congenitally, from which various secondary tumors can arise with a prevalence of 5%–6%. Benign neoplasms commonly arise from nevus sebaceous, but they have a very low malignant potential. Two neoplasms may occasionally arise within the same lesion, but it is rare for three or more neoplasms to occur in a nevus sebaceus simultaneously. A 61-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital for a 4 cm×2.5 cm growing tumor in a verrucous form arising within a periauricular nevus sebaceus in the post auricle of the left ear that had developed 30 years earlier. The nodule was diagnosed as 3 different types of tumors: trichilemmoma, desmoplastic trichilemmoma, and basal cell carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the coexistence of three different tumors arising from nevus sebaceous. It contain malignant neoplasm also. Surgeons should be aware of the need for close monitoring and early complete surgical excision of sebaceous nevus in order to improve patient outcomes.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Ear ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nevus* ; Prevalence ; Sebaceous Glands ; Surgeons