OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of traditional Chinese Five-body balance exercise on patients with preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm). METHODS: Fifteen patients with PRISm and 15 patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were recruited from the Outpatient Department of Guang'anmen Hospital and Beijing Niujie Health Service Center from April to December, 2023. Participants in both groups attended supervised Five-body balance exercise training twice a week for 12 weeks. Patients with COPD continued their regular medication regimen during the intervention period. The endpoints were mean changes in the 6-min walk test (6MWT), St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), pulmonary function, and scores of COPD assessment test (CAT), modified British Medical Research Council, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, and Self-Rating Depression Scale from baseline to 12 weeks. Adverse events were monitored throughout the study. RESULTS: The PRISm group showed a significant improvement from baseline to week 12 in 6MWT, SGRQ symptom score, and forced vital capacity (FVC) compared to the COPD group (P<0.05). No significant between-group changes were observed in other outcome measurements (P>0.05). In addition, compared with baseline, both groups exhibited improvements in 6MWT, SGRQ score, and CPET at week 12 (P<0.05). The PRISm group also showed a significant increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 s and FVC, as well as a significant decrease in CAT score at week 12 (P<0.05). No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION Patients with PRISm may benefit from Five-body balance exercise training, which can improve the exercise capacity, health-related quality of life, and lung function. (Registration No. ChiCTR2200059290).
Humans ; Spirometry ; Male ; Female ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy* ; Lung/physiopathology* ; Middle Aged ; Exercise Tolerance/physiology* ; Exercise Therapy ; Aged ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Respiratory Function Tests ; East Asian People

Objective To evaluate the value of pre-ascent 6-minute walking test performed at a high altitude in predicting the incidence of acute mountain sickness(AMS)induced by rapid ascent to a very high altitude.Methods After baseline information was collected,participants completed the 6-minute walking test at a high altitude of 2 900 m.Then,they rapidly ascended to a very high altitude of 5 000 m.The Lake Louise score was recorded to assess AMS.Results The AMS group showed a shorter pre-ascent 6-minute walking distance(6MWD)at the high altitude than the non-AMS group[480.00(450.00,521.75)m vs.546.00(516.50,568.50)m,P=0.006].No difference was observed regarding the pre-ascent heart rate or peripheral oxygen saturation(both P>0.05).The pre-ascent 6MWD at the high altitude was negatively correlated with the Lake Louise score assessed after rapid ascent to the very high altitude(r=-0.497,P=0.012).Logistic regression analysis confirmed that the pre-ascent 6MWD at the high altitude was associated with the risk of AMS induced by rapid ascent to the very high altitude(OR=0.971,95% CI=0.947-0.996,P=0.022).The results indicated that the pre-ascent 6MWD demonstrated ideal prediction performance(area under receiver operating characteristic curve=0.846,P=0.006).Conclusion The pre-ascent 6MWD recorded at the high altitude is a convenient and reliable predictor of the AMS induced by rapid ascent to the very high altitude.
Humans ; Altitude Sickness/diagnosis* ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; Acute Disease ; Walk Test ; Walking ; Altitude ; Exercise Test

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the value of exercise challenge testing (ECT) in the diagnosis of cough variant asthma (CVA) in children. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted on 78 children with chronic cough who were admitted between January 2023 and January 2024. ECT was performed, and clinical data were collected. According to the effect of bronchodilator treatment, the children were divided into a CVA group (44 children) and a non-CVA group (34 children), and the two groups were compared in terms of clinical characteristics, pulmonary function, and ECT results before treatment. RESULTS: Compared with the non-CVA group, the CVA group had a significantly higher proportion of boys, a significantly higher proportion of children with exercise-induced chronic cough, a significantly higher level of fractional exhaled nitric oxide, and a significantly greater reduction in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) after ECT (P<0.05). The regression analysis showed that exercise-induced chronic cough and the reduction in FEV₁ were risk factors for CVA (P<0.05). A reduction in FEV₁ of 8.44% was the optimal cut-off value for ECT in the diagnosis of CVA, with an area under the curve of 0.751 (P<0.05), a sensitivity of 65.9%, and a specificity of 79.4%. For the children with exercise-induced chronic cough, a reduction in FEV₁ of 8.44% was the optimal cut-off value for ECT in the diagnosis of CVA, with an area under the curve of 0.810 (P<0.05), a sensitivity of 77.1%, and a specificity of 77.8%. CONCLUSIONS ECT has clinical application value in the etiological diagnosis of pediatric chronic cough, with a reduction in FEV1 of 8.44% serving as the optimal cut-off value for diagnosing CVA. It is particularly suitable for children with exercise-induced chronic cough, increasing the sensitivity for CVA diagnosis.
Humans ; Male ; Cough/diagnosis* ; Female ; Child ; Asthma/physiopathology* ; Exercise Test ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Prospective Studies ; Adolescent ; Cough-Variant Asthma

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical characteristics of 57 patients diagnosed with anti-glycyl tRNA synthetase (anti-EJ) positive antisynthetase syndrome (ASS), a subtype of anti-glycyl tRNA positive ASS, complicated by interstitial lung disease (ILD), and to investigate the factors asso-ciated with ILD recurrence. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 57 anti-EJ positive ASS patientswho were treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 1, 2020 to June 30, 2024. The data collected included demographic information, clinical characteristics, laboratory test results, chest CT findings, and pulmonary function tests. The characteristics of ILD recurrence were also analyzed. RESULTS: All the 57 patients with anti-EJ positive ASS were diagnosed with ILD. The mean age at disease onset was (58.18±10.27) years, with a mean disease duration of 3.00 (2.00, 16.00) months. Among the patients, 70. 18% were female, 87.72% experienced a cough, 70. 18% had expectoration, 89.47% reported respiratory difficulties, and 14.04% developed respiratory failure. The results of pulmonary function test showed that the percentage of forced vital capacity (FVC) in the normal predicted value (FVC%), the percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) in the normal predicted value (FEV1%) and the percentage of diffusion lung carbon monoxide (DLCO) in the normal predicted value (DLCO%) were 59.36±21.41, 58.34±19.46 and 58.17±27.95, respectively. The oxygenation index was (363.24±99.42) mmHg. Chest CT imaging showed that nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) was the most common radiographic pattern. Among the 46 patients who completed a follow-up of more than 12 months, 21 cases (45.65%) showed recurrence of ILD. The average age of onset for the recurrence group was (61.38±8.63) years, while that for the non-recurrence group was (55.28±11.85) years, with a difference approaching statistical significance (P=0.056). Further analysis showed that the ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) level was significantly higher in the recurrence group than in the non-recurrence group [(50.48±29.64) mm/h vs. 30.28±23.97) mm/h, P=0.025], and the IgM (immune globulin M) level was also significantly higher in the recurrence group (P=0.042). Moreover, the CD8+T proportion was significantly higher in the recurrence group than in the non-recurrence group (25.48±11.81 vs. 18.59± 8.53, P=0.027). Despite the fact that the recurrence group had a higher baseline age, higher ESR, IgM, and CD8+T proportion, multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that these indicators were not independent risk factors for ILD recurrence. CONCLUSION ILD is the most common clinical manifestation in patients with anti-EJ positive ASS, with a significant impact on pulmonary function. Although the patients responded well to a combination of glucocorticoid and immunosuppressive therapies, the recurrence rate remains high, particularly in those with increased sputum production, and elevated ESR. Close monitoring and early intervention for high-risk patients are essential to improving long-term outcomes.
Humans ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Myositis/diagnosis* ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Glycine-tRNA Ligase ; Recurrence ; Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Autoantibodies/blood*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of magnesium sulfate in the treatment of acute severe asthma in adults. METHODS: Literature searches were conducted on PubMed, Cochrane, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang databases to screen randomized controlled trial (RCT) of magnesium sulfate in the treatment of acute severe asthma in adults, starting from the establishment of the database and ending on May 22, 2024. The control group received conventional treatment. The observation group was given intravenous magnesium sulfate on the basis of routine treatment. The outcome indexes included total effective rate, peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and other pulmonary function indexes, and incidence of adverse reactions. The selection of relevant literature, the collection of data needed for the study and the risk assessment of bias in the included study were all conducted independently by 2 researchers. Stata 12.0 software was used for Meta-analysis, and funnel plot was used to evaluate publication bias. RESULTS: Sixteen RCT studies with a total of 2 601 patients were included. Meta-analysis results showed that the total effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [risk ratio (RR) = 1.11, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.03-1.20, P = 0.008]. In pulmonary function examination, PEF [weighted mean difference (WMD) = 0.70, 95%CI was 0.24-1.15, P = 0.003], FEV1 (WMD = 0.48, 95%CI was 0.29-0.68, P = 0.000) and FVC (WMD = 0.72, 95%CI was 0.47-0.97, P = 0.000) were significantly better than those in the control group. There was no significantly difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (RR = 0.51, 95%CI was 0.17-1.55, P = 0.419). The funnel plot was drawn for the total effective rate, which showed that each study presented a symmetrical distribution, and the Begg's test (Z = 1.31, P = 0.189) and Egger's test (t = 1.18, P = 0.261) were combined to consider the small possibility of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence shows that the use of magnesium sulfate in the treatment of acute severe asthma in adults increases the total response rate and improves lung function without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions. Due to the limited number and quality of included studies, the above conclusions need to be verified by more high-quality studies high-quality studies.
Humans ; Magnesium Sulfate/administration & dosage* ; Asthma/drug therapy* ; Adult ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate/drug effects* ; Treatment Outcome

Humans ; Child ; Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis* ; Exercise Test ; Oxygen Consumption

Objective: To understand the performance of pulmonary function tests in people aged ≥40 years and its changes in China, and provide evidence for the evaluation of the effect of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevention and control in China. Methods: The subjects of the survey were from COPD surveillance during 2014-2015 and during 2019-2020, which covered 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China. The survey used multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, the trained investigators conducted face-to-face interview to know whether subjects had previous pulmonary function testing or not. Complex sampling weighting was used to estimate the rate of pulmonary function testing in people aged ≥40 years, and the pulmonary function testing rates of the two COPD surveillance periods were compared. Results: A total of 148 427 persons were included in the analysis, including 74 591 persons during 2014-2015 and 73 836 persons during 2019-2020. In 2019-2020, the pulmonary function testing rate in Chinese residents aged ≥40 years was 6.7% (95%CI: 5.2%-8.2%), the rate in men (8.1%, 95%CI: 6.7%-9.6%) was higher than that in women (5.4%, 95%CI: 3.7%- 7.0%), and the rate in urban residents (8.3%, 95%CI: 6.1%-10.5%) was higher than that in rural residents (4.4%, 95%CI: 3.8%-5.1%). The rate of pulmonary function testing increased with the increase of education level. During 2019-2020, the residents with history of chronic respiratory diseases had the highest rate of pulmonary function testing (21.2%, 95%CI: 16.8%-25.7%), followed by the residents with respiratory symptoms (15.1%, 95%CI: 11.8%-18.4%) , the pulmonary function testing rate in those who knew the name of chronic respiratory disease was higher than that in those who did not knew the name of respiratory disease, and the pulmonary function testing rate in former smokers was higher than that in current smokers and non-smokers. Those exposed to occupational dust and/or harmful gases had a higher rate of pulmonary function testing compared with those who were not exposed, and those who used polluted fuels indoors had a lower rate of pulmonary function testing than those who did not use polluted fuels indoors (all P<0.05). Compared with 2014-2015, the pulmonary function testing rate in residents aged ≥40 years in China increased by 1.9 percentage points during 2019-2020, and the rate of pulmonary function testing in groups with different characteristics all increased, and the rates of pulmonary function testing increased by 7.4 percentage points and 7.1 percentage points in residents with respiratory symptoms and in those with history of chronic respiratory diseases (all P<0.05). Conclusions: Compared with 2014-2015, the rate of pulmonary function testing increased in China during 2019-2020 and the increase in residents with history of chronic respiratory diseases and respiratory symptoms was relatively obvious, but the overall pulmonary function testing rate was still at a low level. Effective measures should be taken to further increase the rate of pulmonary function testing.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Asian People ; China ; Dust ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Adult

Objective: To analyze the levels and distribution characteristics of blood cadmium and urinary cadmium in American adults, to analyze the relationship between blood cadmium and urinary cadmium and pulmonary function dose response, and to explore the effect of this index on the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: In March 2022, 3785 patients from 2007 to 2012 in NHANES database were selected as the subjects. Collect demography data such as gender and age, and test data such as lung function, blood cadmium concentration and Urine cadimium concentration. The relationship between blood and urine cadmium levels and lung function and pulmonary function and chronic obstructive pulmonary diease (COPD) was analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis H test, multivariate linear regression and restricted cubic spline method. Results: The geometric mean of blood cadmium and urine cadmium in American adults was 0.37 g/L and 0.28 g/L, FEV(1) and FEV(1)/FVC among different cadmium exposure groups was statistically significant, and there was a negative linear dose-response relationship between serum Cd and urine Cd concentrations and FEV(1)/FVC levels (P(overall)<0.001, P(non-linear)=0.152; P(overall)<0.001, P(non-linear)=0.926). Compared with the lowest quartile concentration (Q1), the highest quartile blood cadmium concentration (Q4) (OR=1.934, P(trend)=0.000) and urinary cadmium concentration (OR=1.683, P(trend)=0.000) may increased the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Conclusion: There is a negative correlation between blood cadmium, urinary cadmium levels and lung function in American adults, and cadmium may increase the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Adult ; Humans ; Cadmium ; Nutrition Surveys ; Lung ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Respiratory Function Tests

Objective: To explore the influence and significance of respiratory filter on the judgment of pulmonary function and the conclusion of occupational health examination in occupational health examination. Methods: From August to November 2020, 252 occupational health examinees were randomly selected as the research objects, and the lung function was examined with the respiratory filter bite and the straight cylinder bite without filter, respectively. The lung function examination indexes and the qualification rate of lung function examination were analyzed and compared between the two groups, and the diagnostic criteria of lung function examination was corrected. Results: 252 subjects were 36 (30, 42) years old. The qualified rate of lung function examination with respiratory filter bite (28.17%, 71/252) was lower than that with straight cylinder bite (34.92%, 88/252) , the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . The percentage of forced vital capacity in normal predicted value (FVC%) , percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second in normal predicted value (FEV(1)%) , and percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second in forced vital capacity (FEV(1)/FVC%) of subjects using respiratory filter bite were lower than those using the straight cylinder bite (P<0.05) . The corrected diagnostic criteria of pulmonary function were FVC%>78%, FEV(1)%>77%, FEV(1)/FVC%>68%. There was no significant difference between the qualified rate of the respiratory filter bite lung function test calculated according to the corrected diagnostic criteria (35.71%, 90/252) and the qualified rate of the straight cylinder bite lung function test calculated according to the original diagnostic criteria (34.92%, 88/252) (P>0.05) . Conclusion: In occupational health examination, the use of respiratory filter may affect the results of pulmonary function examination. The diagnostic criteria of pulmonary function can be corrected according to different filtering effects to ensure the accuracy of the conclusions of occupational health examination.
Humans ; Adult ; Occupational Health ; Lung ; Vital Capacity ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Respiratory Function Tests/methods*

To comprehensively evaluate the human body's respiratory, circular metabolism and other functions, and to diagnose lung disease, an accurate and reliable pulmonary function test (PFT) is developed. The system is divided into two parts:hardware and software. It realizes the collection of respiratory, pulse oxygen, carbon dioxide, oxygen and other signals, and draws flow-volume curve (FV curve), volume-time curve (VT curve), respiratory waveform, pulse wave, carbon dioxide and oxygen waveform in real time on the upper computer of the PFT system, and conducts signal processing and parameter calculation for each signal. The experimental results prove that the system is safe and reliable, it can accurately measure the basic functions of human body, and provide reliable parameters, and has good application prospects.
Humans ; Carbon Dioxide ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Oxygen ; Heart Rate