There are a total of 16 couplet medicines of Paeoniae Radix Alba and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in the book FU Qingzhu Nüke, covering a wide range of diseases such as leukorrheal diseases, menopathy, pregnancy, and puerperal diseases, and there is a fine sense of the dosage, processing, and proportion of the couplet medicines. Through analyzing the cases of Paeoniae Radix Alba and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma couplet medicines and the characteristics of dosage, processing, and proportion, we conclude that Paeoniae Radix Alba and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma couplet medicines are mainly as followed: smoothing liver and strengthening spleen in treating leukorrheal diseases to remove dampness and stop leucorrhoea; regulating liver and tonifying spleen in menopathy to regulate menstruation and relieve pain; nourishing blood and benefiting qi in pregnancy to lower adverse qi and tranquilize fetus to prevent miscarriage; regulating and tonifying qi and blood in puerperal diseases to eliminate pathogenic factors and promote lactation; suppressing hyperactive liver for descending adverse qi, and relieving spasm and pain in cases of miscarriage due to rage. In terms of dosage, Paeoniae Radix Alba is mainly used for three to five qian, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is primarily used for one qian, and the dosage of the two medicinals is adjusted according to the degree of primary and secondary liver stagnation and spleen deficiency. In terms of processing, wine Paeoniae Radix Alba and raw Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are primarily used. Stir-frying with wine can help Paeoniae Radix Alba nourish blood and promote blood circulation, tonifying without stagnation, and it is used in most of the diseases caused by liver qi stagnation or qi and blood deficiency. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma used in raw is tonifying without causing stagnation, and it can also have the effect of purging fire. In terms of proportion, the ratio of Paeoniae Radix Alba to Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is 5∶1 for liver stagnation restraining spleen, 3∶1 for qi and blood deficiency, and 1∶1 for obvious fire-heat. This paper analyses the application of Paeoniae Radix Alba and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma couplet medicines in FU Qingzhu Nüke, aiming to deeply study and inherit the academic thought of FU Qingzhu, and to provide new ideas and method for the precise application of Paeoniae Radix Alba and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma couplet medicines in clinical practice and researches.

Objective:To investigate the effects of early hyperbaric oxygen combined with piracetam on hepatic and renal function and myocardial enzyme spectrum in patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACOP).Methods:A total of 103 patients with ACOP treated in the Emergency Department of Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from January 2015 to January 2019 were selected and divided into control group (53 cases, hyperbaric oxygen treatment) and observation group (50 cases, hyperbaric oxygen combined with piracetam treatment). The changes in the renal function, myocardial enzyme spectrum, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the hepatic function, as well as the clinical efficacy, and the incidences of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results:The total effective rate of the observation group (98.00%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (79.25%), and there was a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), uric acid, β2 microglobulin (β2-MG), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, while the level of SOD in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and there were statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). In terms of the incidences of delayed encephalopathy, acute cerebral infarction, rhabdomyolysis, and pressure ulcer, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The early hyperbaric oxygen combined with piracetam has a significant clinical efficacy in treating patients with ACOP. It can alleviate the myocardial damage caused by hypoxia, and plays a positive role in protecting hepatic and renal function.

Objective:To investigate the effects of early hyperbaric oxygen combined with piracetam on hepatic and renal function and myocardial enzyme spectrum in patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACOP).Methods:A total of 103 patients with ACOP treated in the Emergency Department of Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from January 2015 to January 2019 were selected and divided into control group (53 cases, hyperbaric oxygen treatment) and observation group (50 cases, hyperbaric oxygen combined with piracetam treatment). The changes in the renal function, myocardial enzyme spectrum, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the hepatic function, as well as the clinical efficacy, and the incidences of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results:The total effective rate of the observation group (98.00%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (79.25%), and there was a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), uric acid, β2 microglobulin (β2-MG), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, while the level of SOD in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and there were statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). In terms of the incidences of delayed encephalopathy, acute cerebral infarction, rhabdomyolysis, and pressure ulcer, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The early hyperbaric oxygen combined with piracetam has a significant clinical efficacy in treating patients with ACOP. It can alleviate the myocardial damage caused by hypoxia, and plays a positive role in protecting hepatic and renal function.

OBJECTIVETo study the dynamic accumulations of bioactive components in different germplasm Isatis indigotica and compare its quality of medical material, in order to provide a basis for breeding and high yield cultivation of I. indigotica.

METHODThe planting samples were collected during growth period, bioactive components in different germplasm Isatis indigotica were measured.

RESULTThe dynamic accumulations of bioactive components in different germplasm I. indigotica were consistently changed in a field experiment. The differences of bioactive components contents in medical material of I. indigotica were significant.

CONCLUSIONThe germplasm from Gansu Longxi showed a high yield and good quality characters in Fuyang area, and may be applied to production.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; metabolism ; standards ; Isatis ; metabolism ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo optimize the testing methods for seed quality, and provide basis for establishing seed testing rules and seed quality standard of Oldenlandia diffusa.

METHODAccording to the related seed testing regulations, the seed quality of O. diffusa from different producing areas was measured.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe testing methods for seed of O. diffusa was established, including sampling, purity analysis, weight per 1 000 seeds, seed moisture content, seed viability and percentage germination.

Germination ; Oldenlandia ; chemistry ; Seeds ; chemistry ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the appearance and moisture, ash content, extract, volatile oil of Panax ginseng and its processed products from different producing areas of northeast China, and thus provide the useful reference data for its quality standard establishment and standardized cultivation.

METHODBase on the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and literatures relating to P. ginseng, the content of moisture, ash, extract, volatile oil in P. ginseng and its processed products from northeast 10 different producing areas were measured, and data analysis of these various indicators was carried out by DTOPSIS.

RESULTThe samples from Changbai, Jian Kangmei and Fusong reached the standard of Chinese pharmacopoeia and national standard, and in addition comprehensive evaluation indicators of them were higher than others samples.

CONCLUSIONThe quality of ginseng from different producing areas appears very different. Some samples failed to reach the standard of Chinese pharmacopoeia and national standard. Ginseng samples from those 3 producing areas of GAP planting bases showed good quality, which reflects the importance of GAP for ginseng cultivation.

China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; Panax ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo understand the embryo after-ripening phenomenon of Panax quinquefolium, the growth and development process of fruit and seed was investigated in this study.

METHODThe growth and development characteristics of fruit and seed were obtained by field observation, the morphological changes were measured with a vernier caliper, paraffin section was used as well.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe plant reached the most flowering numbers in 5-8 d after initial blooming time and the lag phase of embryo occurred in about 70 d. The size, fresh and dry weight of fruit and seed were all reached maximum in fruit maturation period. As the result showed, the development of seed was stopped at torpedo form of embryos, this conclusion can be applied to explore the morphological after-ripening mechanism of P. quinquefolium seed.

Fruit ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Panax ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Seeds ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo study the hemiparasitic mechanism of Thesium chinense.

METHODThe anatomical structure of T. chinense was studied by using paraffin slice and electron microscope slice. Chlorophyll content was measured by UV spectrometry. Foliar photosynthesis (P(n)) and gas exchange were measured by using a LI-6400 photosynthesis system.

RESULTChloroplast possesses intact granal thylakoid system, lamella was strong. Vascular tissue of T. chinense was strong. Vessel aperture and its transport power were strong both in root and stem. There were many global haustoriums on lateral roots. Vascular tissues were strong inside haustorium, haustorial stylet penetrated epidermis and cortex of host root, and reached pith place, haustorial vessel was integrated with host root vessel. The maximum of P(n) of T. chinense reached 7.06 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1), its water use efficiency was lower, about 0.735 mmol x mol(-1), its transpiration varied notable in daytime and was relatively invariant at nighttime, and the value of daytime was greatly exceed that of nighttime.

CONCLUSIONT. chinense despoils water and nutrition from its host by haustorium. T. chinense can mostly be independent as for C supply by photosynthesis.

Carotenoids ; metabolism ; Cell Respiration ; Chlorophyll ; metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Leaves ; anatomy & histology ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; anatomy & histology ; metabolism ; Plant Stems ; anatomy & histology ; metabolism ; Santalaceae ; anatomy & histology ; cytology ; metabolism ; Thylakoids ; metabolism ; Water ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the biological and growth characteristics of Thesium chinense.

METHODThe wild population was observed in certain sites, pot and indoor experiments were applied for cultivated plant.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONT. chinense is an obligate root hemiparasite and perennial herb, stem and leaf were green, there were haustoriums on its root, can only achieve its whole life process when parasitized to host. T. chinense grows mostly in the humid wasteland and herbaceous community where water is generally abundant. T. chinense likes light, warm climate and acidic to neuter soil. The seeds of T. chinense have dormancy characteristics. The life history of T. chinense can divide into 5 stages: seedling, ramify, florescence, fructification and withering periods.

Flowers ; growth & development ; Plant Leaves ; growth & development ; Plant Roots ; growth & development ; Plant Stems ; growth & development ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; Santalaceae ; growth & development ; Seasons ; Seedlings ; growth & development ; Seeds ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo study the seeds dormancy release and physiological change of Thesium chinense.

METHODTo release dormancy, the seeds of T. chinense were treated with chemical reagent and stratification under 3-5 degrees C.

RESULTWhen washed with flowing water for 24 h, then soaked in 500 mg x L(-1) GA3 for 24 h, finally, treated with stratification method under 3-5 degrees C for 150 day, the split rate of T. chinense seeds reached 22%, crude fat decreased 50%, total sugar and dissolvability sugar increased 3-4 times, ABA decreased more than 90%, GA3 increased more than 5 times.

CONCLUSIONThe seeds dormancy of T. chinense can be released with the method of washing with flowing water for 24 h, then soaking in 500 mg x L(-1) GA3 for 24 h, finally, treated with stratification method under 3-5 degrees C for 150-180 day.

Abscisic Acid ; pharmacology ; Carbohydrates ; analysis ; Cold Temperature ; Fats ; analysis ; Germination ; physiology ; Gibberellins ; pharmacology ; Magnoliopsida ; drug effects ; physiology ; Plant Dormancy ; drug effects ; physiology ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; drug effects ; physiology ; Seeds ; drug effects ; physiology ; Time Factors ; Water ; pharmacology