Tourette syndrome(-TS) is a genetic predisposition,chronic complex neuropsychiatric disease in children.Recent studies focus on the relationship between TS and the genetic variations of susceptibility genes,particularly single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP).Highly automated,high accuracy and low cost of SNP detection and analysis technologies have promoted the study of hereditary diseases.The recent research development of SNP in TS related genes was reviewed in the paper.

Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) is one of the important discoveries in the field of environmental microbiology, and it plays an indispensible role in the nitrogen removal from wastewaters and the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. Through review research progress in anaerobic ammonia oxidation, an Anammox special issue is published so as to find problems, explore applications and outlook developments. The special issue consists of reviews and original papers, mainly involving in the following aspects: i) enrichment of Anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria (AnAOB); ii) community analysis of AnAOB; iii) preservation of granular AnAOB sludge; iv) effect of organic matter on Anammox; v) application of Anammox process, etc.
Ammonia ; chemistry ; Bacteria, Anaerobic ; metabolism ; Environmental Microbiology ; Nitrogen ; chemistry ; Nitrogen Cycle ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Sewage ; microbiology ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; Waste Water ; chemistry

ObjectiveThis paper discusses the instructional design of ＂General survey of medical culture＂,to provide the basis for the implementation of the teaching.MethodsThe first round of our teaching situation was concluded,to improve the teaching objectives,content,methods and the content and methods of teaching evaluation.Results The course is a new medical humanities curriculum to improve medical knowledge of the human spirit of nursing students,training the cultural literacy,but the teaching content should be combined with professional features,and teaching evaluation methods should be improved.ConclusionsRigorous designed curriculum,flexible and diverse teaching methods and forms of assessment and suggestions from the students are conducive to the improvement of the course.

Objective To research the resistibility of microbes contaminated in cosmetics to preservatives in common use in cosmetics.Methods The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) method was used according to Disinfection Technical Guideline.Results The resuls showed that some of the isolated microbes had higher resistance for one or more of the commonly used preservatives.The MIC of enterobacter gergoviae for methyl paraben was 10 mg/ml,the MIC of paecilomyces for propyl paraben was 10 mg/ml,it was 2.5 times greater than the limited dose.The MIC of Pantoea,P.luteola and trichoderma for imidazolidinyl urea were higher than other standard microbe strains.Conclusion The microbes contaminated in cosmetics can develop tolerance to the preservatives in common use in cosmetics,maybe that is one of the causes for cosmetics contamination.

Objective To explore potential synergetic effects of interleukin-2(IL-2) with IL-18 on induction of natural killer(NK) cell activity against myeloma cells in vitro.Methods CD69 expression on NK cells were defined by Flow Cytometry;IFN-? level in supernatants of NK cell culture was measured by ELISA;pure NK cell population was obtained from peripheral blood by using cell purification kit;standard Cr51 release method was used to test NK cell cytotoxicity against myeloma cells in vitro.Results The combined application of IL-18 with low dose of IL-2(10u/mL) significantly enhanced NK cell activation,IFN-? secretion and NK cell cytolytic activity against myeloma cells(U266 and RPMI-8226) as compared to IL-18 alone,respectively.Conclusion IL-2 synergized with IL-18 to induce NK cells activates anti-myeloma cell in vitro and combined use of IL-18 and low dose IL-2 could be an alterative immuno-therapy approach for cancers including myeloma.

Objective:To analyze the indicators and resistance rate of antibacterial drugs for special use in our hospital before and after the implementation of network online approval process to provide reference for the management and rational use of antibacterial drugs for special use. Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed, and the consumption amount, sales amount, utilization ratio, AUD, submission rate of microbial specimen and resistance rates for the main pathogenic bacteria of antibacterial drugs and ones for special use were investigated during 2012 and 2015 in our hospital. Results:The approval process of antibacterial drugs for special use developed from handwork to network online. The consumption amount of antibacterial drugs increased slightly year by year from 2012 to 2015 in our hospital, the mean expense of antibacterial drugs for the inpatients increased from 1602. 85 yuan to 1888. 63 yuan,and AUD increased from 54. 50 DDDs/(100 persons × d) to 65. 47 DDDs/(100 persons × d). The sales amount proportion of antibacterial drugs for special use (13. 90%) was the lowest in 2013, and the highest (17. 34%) in 2015, and AUD increased from 4. 85 DDDs/(100 person × d)to 6. 37 DDDs/(100 person × d), and the submission rate of microbial specimen before the treatment increased from 85. 5% to 90. 0%. The main pathogenic bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii,and their ratio had slight change. Except Staphylococcus aureus, the resistance rate of the other four pathogenic bacteria kept increasing, and the resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to cefepime and carbapenems were over 50%. Conclusion:The approval process management of antibacterial drugs for special use must be strengthened in order to truly a-chieve reasonable use of antibacterial drugs for special use.

Electromagnetic Fields ; adverse effects ; Health Policy ; Humans

Electromagnetic Fields ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Radiologic Health

Millimeter waves therapy (MWT) can improve blood perfusion, function of leukocyte, subside of inflammation, restrain bacterium growth, increase organization's function, encourage the endorphine released, inhibit tumor growth, which can be demonstrating the effects in different parts of the nociceptive system. MWT was reported to be effective on headache, arthritic, neuropathic, acute postoperative pain and cancer pain.

Objective To observe the effect of functional training combined with Chinese medicine hot pack-electrotherapy on knee osteoarthritis. Methods60 patients with knee osteoarthritis were divided into two groups. The treatment group was treated with functional training combined with Chinese medicine hot pack-electrotherapy; the control group was treated with Chinese medicine herbs hot pack-electrotherapy only. They were assessed with Lysholm Knee Scale. ResultsAfter treatment, the scores of Lysholm Knee Scale improved significantly in both groups (P=0.000), and more in the treatment group than in the control group (P=0.013). ConclusionFunctional training combined with Chinese medicine hot pack-electrotherapy is an effective and safe treatment for knee osteoarthritis.