OBJECTIVES

This study determined the prevalence of BBD among toilet-trained children attending a tertiary hospital’s pediatric outpatient clinic, and to evaluate the effectiveness of standard urotherapy among affected children.

METHODS

A prospective interventional study was conducted among 144 toilet-trained children aged 7 to 12 years seen at the University of Santo Tomas Hospital outpatient clinic from August 2025 to September 2025. Sociodemographic data were collected, and BBD was screened using the validated Filipino version of the Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Scores (DVSS) questionnaire. Children with BBD underwent standard urotherapy, which included behavioral and lifestyle interventions such as timed voiding, adequate hydration, constipation management and proper voiding posture. DVSS assessments were repeated at two and four weeks.

RESULTS

The overall prevalence of BBD was 22.9% (33 of 144). BBD was significantly more prevalent among females (31.88%) than males (14.67%) (adjusted OR = 2.96, 95% CI: 1.28–6.86; p = 0.011). At baseline, children with BBD had significantly higher mean total DVSS scores (9.15 ± 3.64) compared to those without (2.01 ± 1.80, pCONCLUSION

Standard urotherapy proved effective in reducing symptom scores within two weeks and resulted in complete clinical resolution after four weeks among those who continued therapy. Routine screenings for BBD using DVSS and early initiation of standard urotherapy in pediatric outpatient settings are recommended to prevent complications and improve children’s urinary and bowel health.

Human ; Child: 6-12 Yrs Old ; World Health Organization ; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital ; Mass Screening ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Constipation ; Ambulatory Care Facilities

BACKGROUND

This study was inspired by the increasing cases of Diabetes Mellitus II (DM II) and the drive to strengthen early detection and intervention. The study specifically examined the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Risk Screening Form to detect DM and its potential as a cost-effective alternative to the standard screening criteria using Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) and 2-hour Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT).

METHODOLOGY

It utilized observational, cross sectional, descriptive, comparative design conducted among 269 hospital employees in a tertiary hospital. All participants were examined using the ADA Risk Screening Form and underwent standard test of FPG and 2-hour OGTT. Mean and standard deviation, frequency and percentage, and Mann-Whitney test were used in the treatment of data.

RESULTS

The clinicodemographic profile of the employees showed that most of the personnel belonged to age old (66.5%). Among the employees, 159 were females (66.5%) and 110 were males (59.1%). Additionally, most of the
personnel do not have hypertension (73.2%) and are physically active (56.1%) however most were noted to be overweight
(48.3%) and have family history of diabetes (45%). Furthermore, majority of the females did not have a history of gestational
diabetes mellitus (37.2%). The results revealed that most of the personnel were identified under decreased risk using the
ADA screening form and are non-diabetic (79.18%) using the laboratory test, whereas those pre-diabetic and diabetic
accounted 13.38% and 7.43% respectively. The results showed sensitivity of ADA Risk Screening Tool for DM Type 2
alongside the results of FPG and OGTT 30.4 and 25.7 respectively, specificity (87.3, 87.7), positive predictive value (38.6,
44.2), negative predictive value (82.7, 75.7), and accuracy (75.5, 70.6). Lastly, the results revealed that the use of ADA
screening tool showed no difference with the use of FPG with p-value of 0.095 and OGTT with p-value of 0.118.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Adult: 25-44 Yrs Old ; Middle Aged: 45-64 Yrs Old ; Association ; Form ; Government ; Hospitals ; Mass Screening ; Occupational Groups ; Risk

This study was to examine the validity of the Japanese version of MemScreen (MemScreen-J), a touchscreen MCI screening test. 20 patients with MCI aged 65-90 years at the Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center were recruited as cases in December 2023. Non-cases were recruited from local residents in Toon City, Ehime Prefecture in February 2024 and 40 residents, without a medical history of MCI, aged 58-84 years were included in the present study. MemScreen-J test, a self-administered screening test in the form of a digital application, downloadable on a tablet, was administered to participants to assess their cognitive function. Defining the group at high risk of MCI based on a MemScreen-J test score of 28 or lower achieved the best Youden index in the study sample, with a sensitivity of 0.75 and a specificity of 0.98. MemScreen-J appeared to be a valid screening tool among persons at the prodromal stage of dementia, given reasonably high accuracy in detection of MCI. This innovative neuropsychological test could be the first step in a diagnostic approach to cognitive complaints in a community, identifying persons at the preclinical stage of dementia.
Humans ; Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis* ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Male ; Female ; Japan ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Middle Aged ; Mass Screening/methods* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Reproducibility of Results ; East Asian People

Objective:To explore the feasibility of the multiple-choice auditory graphical interactive check（MAGIC） screening module in childhood hearing screening in children aged 3 to 6 years. Methods:A hearing screening was conducted on 366 children（732 ears） aged between 3 and 6 years. The screening methods included MAGIC, DPOAE, and acoustic immittance.The cooperation, screening time, pass rate, and correlation of the three screening methods were compared. Results:There was a statistically significant difference in the degree of cooperation among the three screeningmethods（P=0.004）.The MAGIC pure tone screening method was 98.6%, the screening DPOAE was 99.5%,and the acoustic immittance screening was 100%. For the screening duration, the MAGIC pure tone screening method was（116.3±59.1）s, the screening DPOAE was（27.2±19.7）s, and the acoustic impedance screening was（24.6±14.6）s. There was a significant statistical significance differences among the three or two groups（P<0.01）. The passing rates of MAGIC pure tone screening,screening DPOAE and acoustic immittance screening were 64.7%, 65.4%, and 69.3%, respectively, and there was no significant statistical difference among the three or two groups（P>0.05）. There was no significant difference between MAGIC pure tone screening method and screening DPOAE（P=0.827>0.05）, and acoustic impedance（P=0.653>0.05）, while the difference between screening DPOAE and acoustic impedance was statistically significant（P<0.01）. Conclusion:MAGIC pure sound screening method has good feasibility, can comprehensively reflect the hearing level of screened children, and can be promoted for hearing screening in children aged between 3 and 6 years.
Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Female ; Male ; Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; Mass Screening/methods* ; Feasibility Studies ; Acoustic Impedance Tests/methods* ; Hearing Loss/diagnosis* ; Hearing Tests/methods*

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical value of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in neonatal disease screening, particularly its advantages when combined with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). METHODS: A prospective study was conducted involving blood samples from 1 999 neonates born at the Shenzhen Guangming District People's Hospital, between May and August 2021. All samples were initially screened using MS/MS and fluorescence immunoassay, followed by NGS to detect high-frequency variation sites in 135 related pathogenic genes. Suspected positive variants were validated using Sanger sequencing or multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification in family studies. RESULTS: No confirmed positive cases were found in the MS/MS analysis of the 1 999 neonates. Genetic screening identified 58 positive cases (2.90%), 732 carriers of pathogenic genes (36.62%), and 1 209 negative cases (60.48%). One case of neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis was diagnosed (0.05%, 1/1 999). Fluorescence immunoassay identified 39 cases of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency (1.95%, 39/1 999), while genetic screening identified 43 cases of G6PD deficiency (2.15%, 43/1 999). The fluorescence immunoassay also detected 6 cases of hyperthyrotropinemia (0.30%, 6/1 999), all of whom carried DUOX2 gene variants. The top ten pathogenic gene carrier rates were G6PD (12.8%), DUOX2 (8.7%), HBB (8.2%), ATP7B (6.6%), GJB2 (5.7%), SLC26A4 (5.6%), PAH (5.6%), ACADSB (4.6%), SLC25A13 (4.2%), and SLC22A5 (4.1%). CONCLUSIONS NGS can serve as an effective complement to MS/MS, significantly improving the detection rate of inherited metabolic disorders in neonates. When combined with family validation, it enables precise diagnosis, particularly demonstrating complementary advantages in screening for monogenic diseases such as G6PD deficiency.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods* ; Neonatal Screening/methods* ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Prospective Studies ; Female ; Male ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases/diagnosis* ; Genetic Testing

The prevalence of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is increasing annually, and its complications seriously impair the quality of life of affected children. Early screening for T1DM helps reduce the occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis, protect β-cell function, and delay disease onset in high-risk populations. This article summarizes current domestic and international screening technologies for T1DM. Screening methods remain centered on detection of diabetes-related antibodies and glycometabolic markers, while factors related to disease pathogenesis hold promise as sensitive screening markers. Expanding T1DM screening in China is expected to improve early diagnosis and treatment.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/diagnosis* ; Humans ; Early Diagnosis ; Autoantibodies/blood* ; Mass Screening/methods*

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the global disease burden of cervical cancer and the association between screening coverage and the quality of disease management. METHODS: The data of global burden of cervical cancer 2021 and the data of cervical cancer screening 2019 were obtained from IHME Global Burden of Disease (GBD) and the WHO global health observatory, respectively. The age-standardized disease burden index was calculated, the quality of care index (QCI) was determined with principal component analysis, and the correlation between QCI and cervical cancer screening coverage was examined with linear regression analysis by regions and populations. RESULTS: The burden of cervical cancer and the quality of management exhibited significant variability across countries with differing levels of social development. The indicators of cervical cancer burden in China were close to the average level of countries with higher socio-demographic index (SDI). The global QCI was 22.22 (10.50, 35.43), and that of China was 26.30. The global screening coverage rate for cervical cancer was 42% (12%, 86%) and that in China was 31%. After adjusting for the social development level of countries, the coverage level of cervical cancer screening was associated with QCI (β=0.27, P<0.01), with no difference between low and high SDI countries (P>0.05). The association was significantly stronger among 25-30 years old women (β=1.48, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There are discrepancies in both the disease burden of cervical cancer and the quality of disease management among countries with different socioeconomic levels, and there is still considerable room for improvement in China. Expanding coverage of cervical cancer screening may be an effective strategy to enhance the management quality of cervical cancer, particularly among younger women where the screening benefits are most pronounced.
Humans ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control* ; Female ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Global Burden of Disease ; China/epidemiology* ; Mass Screening ; Quality of Health Care ; Disease Management ; Adult ; Middle Aged

Human ; Mass Screening ; Mothers ; Nuchal Translucency Measurement ; Prenatal Diagnosis

In recognition of the morbidity and mortality associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (UNAIDS) aims to end the epidemic by setting and striving to achieve the ambitious 95-95-95 targets. However, Singapore is still not performing well in the first UNAIDS target. The National HIV Programme (NHIVP) developed this set of recommendations based on an adaptation of major international guidelines from the World Health Organization and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The goals of this recommendation are: (1) to increase the uptake of HIV testing; (2) to allow earlier detection and identification of individuals with unrecognised HIV infection; (3) to facilitate linkage to clinical services; and (4) reduce further transmission of HIV infection in Singapore.
Humans ; Singapore/epidemiology* ; HIV Infections/epidemiology* ; United States ; HIV Testing ; Mass Screening ; World Health Organization ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. ; National Health Programs

INTRODUCTION: The high prevalence and mortality rates of breast cancer and lung cancer in Singapore necessitate robust screening programmes to enable early detection and intervention for improved patient outcomes, yet 2024 uptake and coverage remain suboptimal. This narrative review synthesises expert perspectives from a recent roundtable discussion and proposes strategies to advance breast cancer and lung cancer screening programmes. METHOD: A 2024 roundtable convened clinical practitioners, health policymakers, researchers and patient advocates discussed current challenges and opportunities for improving cancer screening in Singapore. Perspectives and insights were analysed to identify themes related to existing programme gaps, opportunities for innovation and implementation challenges. DISCUSSION: Singapore's national breast cancer screening programme has been in place for over 2 decades, yet screening uptake remains suboptimal. A national lung cancer screening programme, in contrast, is still in its early stages of implementation. Regardless, employment of risk stratification approaches that integrate genetic, demographic and lifestyle factors could enhance screening effectiveness by identifying high-risk indivi-duals, while also taking local epidemiological trends into consideration. Integration of digital health technologies, artificial intelligence and behavioural change models can enhance cancer screening uptake and accuracy to overcome barriers such as low awareness, cultural beliefs and socioeconomic factors that contribute to low participation rates. CONCLUSION Key recommendations include enhancing public awareness, refining screening guidelines, expanding access and applying innovative technologies. A coordinated effort among stakeholders is crucial to continually assess and enhance screening programmes to narrow the practice-policy gap and ultimately reduce breast cancer and lung cancer burden in Singapore.
Humans ; Singapore/epidemiology* ; Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; Early Detection of Cancer/methods* ; Female ; Mass Screening/organization & administration*