Obesity become worrying problem among adolescents, they who are obesed are 80% have the opportunity to experience obesity as adults and have higher risk of serious diseases such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes, asthma, and some types of cancer. According to the health profile of Yogyakarta Special Province in 2017 the prevalence of obesity was 19.1% occurs in adolescents. The main purpose of the research is to analyze the direct and indirect effects of gadget usage, sleep habit, stress, and physical activity on obesity. The population in this research was obese junior and senior high school adolescents, totaling 150 persons. Determination of samples is taken by simple random sampling. Independent variables consist of gadget usage, stress level, sleep habit, and physical activity. While the dependent variable is obesity. Bivariate analysis with chi-square test is applied for cathegorical data and independent T-test for numerical data. Multivariate analysis is carried out with path analysis, using the Amos version 22.0 software program. The results of this research found that the conclusions of the path diagram generated are as follow: 1) Gadget usage variable path coefficient value has a positive effect on physical activity. 2) Physical activity variable path coefficient value has a positive in effect on obesity. 3) Sleep habit and stress variable path coefficient value has a positive effect on gadget usage. It can be concluded that gadget addiction is directly related to sleep habits, stress, physical activity, and indirectly with obesity.

The condition of work environment (patient room) is often out of concern to the management so that they do not meet the requirements of Regulation of Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (Permenkes) No. 1204 of 2004 concerning Hospital Environmental Health Requirements. It will have implications for the performance of the doctor (specialist). This study aimed to describe the conditions of the work environment (temperature, lighting, and dust) and the doctor's performance and the relationship between the work environment and the doctor's performance. This research was a quantitative study with a cross sectional design. The research was conducted in 3 teaching hospitals in Medan, namely H. Adam Malik Hospital, dr. Pirngadi and RSU USU during April - November 2018. The study population was 236 people with a sample of 22 people taken using incidental sampling technique. The data obtained by measuring the conditions of the work environment (temperature, lighting, and dust) and interviews using a questionnaire to measure the performance of doctors. Data analysis used Fisher's Exact Test. The results showed that there was no influence of work environment conditions on the doctor's performance, however the temperature and lighting conditions did not meet the requirements. Meanwhile, the temperature of the work room affected the behavior of doctors. Thus, the hospital management needs to take corrective action on working environment conditions by replacing old air conditioners or regularly maintaining air conditioners, setting up a barrier against noise sources, and replacing the bulb with a lighter intensity. The medical committee needs to regularly supervise the work of doctors so that their performance is achieved according to the target.
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A study was done to describe awareness, knowledge and attitude level on Urinary Tract Infection among university students of Burapha University, Thailand. Cross-sectional study was conducted with the use of self-modified questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic questions and AKA domains. Total of 91 respondents (male students n=13 and female n=76) aged 19 years old participated. The total AKA level was found to be in high category (75.86 ± 13.81) and between the domains, Attitude (70.00 ± 13.28) is categorized as positive, followed by both Knowledge (57.24 ± 15.94) and Awareness (39.37 ± 13.01) which is categorized as moderate. Correlation between Awareness-Attitude was found significant at p=0.003. After the adjustment of covariates, female gender was found to have the strongest relationship compared to other covariates and all independent factors combined accounted 14.8% of variability in Total AKA. The sociodemographic factors’ of the students influenced the level of AKA and female gender have found to have be best predictor for Total AKA on UTI. Thus, this research has provided ample findings to further formulate an educational tool for the public.

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is mainly caused by Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) and human Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71). Severe cases of HFMD were reported in Malaysia in 2018, which led to a temporary closing of few nurseries and preschools. A good knowledge and prevention practices is one of the important factors that can effectively decelerate this rapid outbreak of HFMD. Therefore, we conducted a survey to assess current knowledge and prevention practices among parents and caregivers in Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor. A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted on 345 residences of Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor. It comprised of 77.4% (n=267) parents and 22.6% (n=78) caregivers from different daycares, kindergartens and preschools. The study showed that the majority, 87.2% (n=301) of Bandar Puncak Alam residents, Selangor have a moderate level of knowledge on HFMD. No significant difference in knowledge was found between parents and caregivers (p = 0.553). Age, occupation, level of education, and income of respondents influenced the HFMD knowledge level (p<0.05). Most parents and caregivers know how to prevent HFMD by practising cleaning the children's toys using liquid disinfection, but they are still lacking knowledge on the role of handwashing in preventing HFMD. In conclusion, the lack of prevention practice among parents and caregivers would increase the cases of HFMD. Therefore, a proper education of HFMD should be done to increase the awareness towards the prevention practices to prevent HFMD from reoccurring.

Although the Zimbabwean government launched an Adolescent and Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health policy in 2010, HIV prevalence and incidence among youth remains amongst the highest in sub-Saharan Africa. Zimbabwean Youths in tertiary education institutions exhibit high-risk sexual behaviours. The study aimed to estimate the risk preference parameters of youths in a tertiary education setting to understand their risky behaviour better using prospect theory. It involved 250 students completing a socioeconomic questionnaire and making a choice from over three series of pairwise lottery questions framed around sexual and reproductive health prevention interventions. The study used bivariate techniques to examine differences in risk-taking behaviour. Ordinary least squares and interval regression techniques determined the socioeconomic determinants of the risk behaviour function. The study established an average risk aversion parameter of 0.7 and a probability weighting parameter of 0.8. The probability weighting parameter implies that the participants were more focused on the outcomes with less concern for their likelihood. The study estimated the loss aversion parameter at 2.26, which indicates the need to reduce loss-framed messages in favour of positively framed awareness campaigns. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses showed that income, prior sexual and reproductive health knowledge and alcoholism were associated with risk and loss aversion. We recommend positive framing of youth sexual and reproductive health awareness campaigns. We also recommend youth economic emancipation to increase economic prospects which in turn improves reference points which changes the viewing of health interventions and outcomes from the loss domain to gain domain.

Pekanbaru is one of the cities in Riau Province which is an endemic area for Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) with the Incidence Rate exceeding the endemic limit of 148,80 per 100.000 population. The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of the distance between houses, water storage condition, the existence of garbage, the existence of larvae around the houses. To determine attitude, knowledge, eradication of mosquito nests, the morning and or afternoon sleep habits, the habit of hanging clothes, and the existence of ornamental plants on Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) cases. The type of research was observational quantitative analytic with a Case-Control design. The sampling technique used was Non-Probability Sampling and multivariate analysis used is multiple logistic regression. The sample was 138 respondents and Primary data collection using questionnaires and observation sheets. Six variables affecting the DHF cases were the existence of larvae (OR=8.103), eradication of mosquito nests (OR=6.230), water storage conditions (OR=2.136), the sleep habits in the morning and or afternoon (OR=2.058), the existence of garbage (OR=0.233) dan knowledge (OR=0.165). This suggests that the community can do eradicate mosquito nets. . Eradicating mosquito nests can be carried out through 3M Plus activities, including regularly draining the bathtub at least once a week, changing the water in flower vases, bird drinking places, or other water reservoirs regularly every less than one week. Closing water reservoirs tightly. Utilizing / recycling used cans, plastics, used tires, and other items that can hold rainwater so that they do not become mosquito breeding grounds. Six variables that influence the DHF cases, were: the existence of larvae, the action of 3M Plus, the condition of the water reservoir, the habit of sleeping in the morning and afternoon, the existence of garbage, and knowledge. Four variables did not affect the DHF cases, they were: attitude, the distance among houses, the habit of hanging clothes, and the existence of yard/ornamental plants. The community is expected to be able to recycle waste (garbage that has the potential to hold water).

Back pain and disability in patients with non-specific low back pain are chronic health problems and this continues to increase among Thai population. The current study was based on a prospective observational design, the objective of which was to identify factors predicting back pain and disability in patients with non-specific low back pain.The samples were patients diagnosed with non–specific low back pain, who were treated in an outpatient department at Nakhon Phanom Hospital. The 95 patients were enrolled in the study between May and December 2019. Data were collected through questionnaires. The research instruments used included the low back pain scale and the disability low back pain form. Finally, data were analyzed using binary logistic regression analysis method.There were 95 patients in the present study. According to the study, the farmers were at risk of low back pain up to 0.25 times more than those of non-farmers (AOR = 0.25, 95%CI:0.07 – 0.96, p<0.05). The subjects with high disability were 4.32 times more likely to be at risk of low back pain than those with normal and low disability (AOR=4.32, 95%CI: 1.46-12.78, p< 0.05). In addition, gender, body mass index, history of back pain treatment, and duration of current episode were not found to influence lower back pain. Given factors influencing the disability, males were 3.37 times more likely to be at risk of disability than females (AOR = 3.37, 95%CI: 1.03 – 11.09, p<0.05) and (AOR=0.26 95%CI=0.07-0.99, p<0.05). The study also revealed that occupation, body mass index, duration of current episode, and history of back pain did not influence disability.

Diarrhoea is one of the causes of high morbidity and mortality rates in developing countries that have poor environmental sanitation, inadequate water supply, high poverty rates and low levels of education. The purpose of this study was to examine diarrhoea control models in toddlers of Banyuasin District wetlands. This study used a cross-sectional study design. The study was conducted in the wetland area of Banyuasin District with a sample of 296 respondents. Data analysis was performed in univariate, bivariate and multivariate. The results showed that there was a correlation between chemical indicators (p-value = 0.035), latrine sanitation (p-value = 0.004), latrine quality (p-value = 0.005), income (p-value = 0.023), and hand washing with soap (p-value = 0.035) with the occurrence of diarrhoea in toddlers of Banyuasin District wetlands area. 51.9% of diarrhoea prevention can be explained by the water factor (19.7%), sanitation factor (15.6%), personal hygiene factor (8.2%), toddler factor (4.8%) and mother factor (3.5%) in this study. Improvements of environmental sanitation related to healthy latrines, rubbish bins, sewerage and clean / drinking water sources, as well as intensive education about personal hygiene and breastfeeding toddlers can contribute in reducing the occurrence of diarrhoea in toddlers.

Prostate cancer incidence rates have evidenced a substantial increase in Iraq over the past sixteen years. Geographic variation of prostate cancer in Iraq has not been explored. We examine the geographic incidence patterns of prostate cancer in Iraq using the global index of spatial autocorrelation, Getis-Ord Gi* and Anselin Local Moran’s to detect hotspots, coldspots, and spatial outliers of prostate cancer rates. We calculated the age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIRs) according to district level for three periods (2000-2004, 2005-2009, and 2010-2015). Disease maps were produced to explore whether prostate cancer incidence clusters by district, and where hotspots and coldspots occur. Results highlight several districts of Iraq where the burden of prostate cancer incidence is especially high. In 2005-2009, the spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed a prostate cancer incidence hotspot in Al-Rissafa, Al-Manathera, Al-Kufa, Al-Hilla, Al-Hindiya, and Kerbela district. In 2010-2015, hotspots were seen in Al-Mussyab, Al-Hilla, Al-Hindiya, Al-Rissafa, Al-Adhamiya, Al-Sadir, and Daquq district. Examining spatial pattern of prostate cancer AAIRs is critical to government efforts to focus on those regions, and to understanding and targeting prostate cancer

Menopause is a normal development in women’s lives. Having depressive symptoms during the menopausal transition can be managed, and in many health conditions, religiosity may play an important role in reducing the severity. The objective of this study was to determine menopausal, depressive symptoms and religiosity among women attending the Gynaecology Clinic in a Public Hospital. A cross-sectional study was done at Hospital Sungai Buloh involving 232 women aged 40-60 years from January 2020 to March 2020. The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), the Centre for Epidemiology Studies-Depression Scale-Revised (CESD-R), the Duke Religious Index (DUREL) and socio-demographic data were used as research tools in this study. The respondents were categorised as premenopausal (n=98, 42.2%), perimenopausal (n=81, 34.9%) and postmenopausal (n=53, 22.8%). The highest percentage of menopausal symptoms were muscle discomfort (56.5%), sleeping problems and lethargy (54.3%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 19.2%, and the results showed that unmarried women were more depressed compared to married women (p<0.05). The overall religiosity level of respondents was high (23.09±2.52). The logistic regression analysis showed that as urogenital problems arise, their depressive symptoms will also increase (p<0.05). Women who are transitioning to menopause should be assessed continuously for the severity of urogenital problems as it can impact their psychological and emotional well-being, and depressive symptoms should be assessed thoroughly especially among unmarried women.