One hundred mandibles of adult Chinese male unearthed in Shanghai without missing teeth, alveolar bone resorption or/and malposition of teeth were studied. Our data showed that the location of the mental foramen below the apex of the lower second premolar was the most common. Our results were compared with those of other investigators. The Clinical significance of iden.tifying the anatomical location of the mental foramen in dental practice is discussed

BACKGROUND: Every year there are case reports about freshmen who took extreme actions because of maladaptation. Freshmen's mental health is related not only to their adaptability to university life but also to the stability and harmony of university campus.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the level of freshmen's mental health in early university life and screen out the students with severe psychological problems.DESIGN: A cross-sectional study.SETTING: Department of Education, Shaoxing University of Zhejiang Province.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 4 417 freshmen of year 2003 from Shaoxing University were selected as observational subjects during November 2003.METHODS: The status of mental health was surveyed with symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90), self-rated anxiety scale (SAS), and self-rated depression scale (SDS). SCL-90 consisted of 9 dimensions: somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility,phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychoticism, and 5 evaluation scales: 1 as none, 2 as mild, 3 as moderate, 4 as severe and 5 as rather severe. The higher the score, the lower the level of psychological health was. They were evaluated as whether they had problem of psychological health or not. SAS contained 4 grades that recorded mainly the frequency of the appearing symptoms defined by the evaluation entry. The standard score took 50 points as the critical point. The higher the score, the more severe anxiety status was. The main statistical index of SDS was the exponent of depression severity that ranged from 0.25 to 1.00. Those with less than 0.05 had no depression, 0.50-0.59 mild depression, 0.60-0.69moderate depression, and above 0.70 severe depression. The group test was conducted among the freshmen 3 months after they entered the university.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The scores of SCL-90, SAS and SDS.RESULTS: A total of 4 417 questionnaires were sent out, and 4 387questionnaires were collected with the effective rate of 99.32%. ① The scores on obsessive-compulsive, phobic anxiety and psychoticism ih the freshmen were higher than those of the norms (t=2.88-4.82, P ＜ 0.01). Among them, 333 freshmen with common psychological problems were detected, which constituted 7.59%. Another 49 students with severe psychological problems were screened out, which made up 1.12%. ② There were significant sex differences of scores in SCL-90 factors between boys and girls (total average t=5.56, P ＜ 0.01). ③ There was a significant correlation of depression and anxiety of SCL-90 scores with the standard scores of SDS and SAS, respectively, and the coefficient of product-moment correlation was 0.532 and 0.361, respectively.CONCLUSION: ① The freshmen did not have good psychological health.② The girls had more psychological problems than the boys. ③ The scores on depression and anxiety of SCL-90 were mutual proof with the standard scores of SDS and SAS, respectively.

Objective To evaluate the correlations of serum cardiac troponin T and serum uric acid levels in in aged patients with chronic congestive heart failure(CHF) and the effect of cardiac troponin T(cTnT) on the prognosis of the CHF. Methods 200 cases of congestive heart failure patients(Cardiac function NYHA class Ⅰ-Ⅳ) were enrolled for retrospective analysis and divided into four groups ,50 cases per group;randomly picked 50 cases of pantients with cardiac function NYHA class Ⅰ as a control group; and analyzed the relationship of serum uric (UA) and cTnT level and the occurrence of CHF. All the patients were arranged into normal group and higher group according to cTnT concentration. Cardiac events, including repeated or aggravated heart failure or cardiac death,in patients with increased cTnT during hospitalization were compared to those without it. Results In congestive heart failure group (Cardiac function NYHA class Ⅱ-Ⅳ) ,the cTnT and UA contents increased significantly than that in control group.Incidence of cardiac events was higher in patients with increased cTnT than without it (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The heavier the congestive heart failure, the blood uric acid and troponin T were more elevated, so they were closely linked with congestive heart failure, and were the factor for onset of congestive heart failure, and could be combined to evaluate the severity of heart failure in aged patients. The cTnT could predict the prognosis of the old patients with CHF.

Objective:To study the effect of adriamycin(ADR) as therapeutic agent inducing rabbit posterior capsular lens epithelial cell apoptosis and to assess the relationships between P53,Bcl-2 after lens extracapsular extraction.Methods:Twelve rabbit eyes were injected with 0.2mg ADR(0.4mg?L -1 ) during lens extracapsular extraction performed respectively in the third week and the eighth week after the operation.With TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)and immunohistochemical(SABC) staining.The protein expression cell rate of P53 and Bcl-2 were detected.Results:Positive pericyte muclei labeled by TUNEL increased more significantly than those in the control guoup from the third week to the eighth week after the operation.P53 protein expression was significantly higher(P

Objective:To investigate the relationship among inflammatory reaction and cytokine levels,nitric oxide(NO) content in aqueous humor after alkali burn.Methods:12 adult New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups(6 rabbits each):normal control group and alkali burn experimental group.Aqueous humor samples were aspirated on the alkali burn 1,3,7,14 and 30 days,and the total number of white blood cells in the aqueous humor and their subset distribution as well as tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) and NO~-_2/NO~-_3 were counted.The data were analyzed using analysis of variance of SPSS software.Results:There was a higher number of inflammatory cells and a higher level of TNF-? and NO~-_2/NO~-_3 in alkali burn eyes than that in the normal control eyes.The number of mononuclear phagocyte and the levels of TNF-?,the content of NO~-_2/NO~-_3 in aqueous humor were the highest in alkali burn group in 7～14 days.The change of TNF-?,NO~-_2/NO~-_3 and inflammatory reaction were basically similar,that is ,the more serious the reaction,the higher the levels of the content.Conclusion:The intraocular inflammation after alkali burn is closely related to the change in cytokine levels and NO content in aqueous humor.

AIM: To determine the content of ginsenoside Rg_1、Re and Rb_1 in Shenfu Injection (Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng Rubra,etc.) by HPLC-ELSD. METHODS: Separation was achieved on a Waters ODS column((4.6) mm?150 mm,5 ?m).Elution was carried out using a gradient of acetonitrile and water.Drift tube temperature:120 ℃,gas flow rate:1.8 mL/min. RESULTS: The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.322-(3.22) ?g for ginsenoside Rg_1,0.290-2.90 ?g for ginsenoside Re,0.508-5.08 ?g for ginsenoside Rb_1. CONCLUSION: The method is simple,accurate,effective and feasible.It can be used to control the quality of Shenfu Injection.

Objective:To determine the expression of aquaporin 8 and its localization in human WISH cells and to explore the molecular and cellular mechanisms for water absorption across the amniotic membranes.Methods:Human amnion-derive WISH cells were cultured.Western analysis was used to quantify AQP8 expression level.Reverse transcripton-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to quantify AQP8 mRNA expression levels.Immunofluorescence was used to determine localization of AQP8 in WISH cells.Results:AQP8 mRNA protein was found in human WISH cells.By western-blot,the AQP8 proteim was detected at 34ku in human WISH cells.AQP8 labeling was observed in intracellular vesicular structures throughout the cytosol and plasma membrane.Conclusion:The study demonstrates the expression of aquaporin 8 in human WISH cells.These results suggest that aquaporin 8 may be a channel that mediates amniotic fluid resorption by way of intramembranous pathway.

Objective To observe brain-protection effect of Jiannao Yizhi Capsule on ischemic stroke and explore its mechanism. Methods One hundred and eighty cases of ischemic stroke patients were divided into two groups. Sixty cases in control group were treated with conventional method, one hundred and twenty cases in treatment group were treated with Jiannao Yizhi Capsule on the basis of conventional method. Levels of endothelin (ET), calcitonin gene related-pepitide (CGRP), lipin peroxidation oxidase (LPO) and super oxidase dismutase (SOD) of the two groups were determined. Results There were significant differences in reducing levels of ET and LPO, enhancing levels of CGRP and SOD, improving neurological impairment, reducing levels of blood lipid and blood viscosity between the two groups (P

We tried to clarify the role of oxygen radicals [released from granulocytes stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in rat acute lung injury. It was found that DNA strand-break damage (DSBD) in peripheral white blood cells was significantly increased 40 min after injection of PMA. DSBD in lung tissue of rats treated with PMA was also markedly increased. The PMA-treated rats showed significantly higher lipid-peroxide (LPO) level in plasma and lung hemogenate than the controls. These results suggest that determination of DSBD, a simple and sensitive indicator for oxygen radical damaging, might be useful in the diagnosis of adult respiratory distress syndrome, when it is used together with measurement of plasma LPO.

We separated viable tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and reginal lymphaden lymphocytes (RNL) from 37 cases solid human tumors and their reginal lymphadens, by means of combing mechanical and enzymatic digestion and discontinuous density gradients. The total cell recovery were 0.42-78.4?10~6 per gm tumor and 8.8-194?10~6 per gm lymphaden. The purity TIL and RNL fraction were 61.1?15.4% and 82.5?8.2%, respectively. Activated TIL, PBL, RNL and splenic cell (SPC) by rIL-2 expanded 2.58?1.05?10~5 -fold, 2.7?2.6?10~3-fold, 8.25 ?2.85?10~6-fold and 5.64 ? 2.51?10~3-fold in an average of 39.2?11.2 days. Total cell numbers in RNLs and 26/37 (70.3%) of TILs were up to 10~(10).