Blind-ending bifid ureter represents a rare anomaly in the development of the ureteric bud, and a case associated with stone formation is extremely rare. We report a case of blind-ending bifid ureter with stones in the blind segment with a brief review of literature.
Ureter*

Fourteen total cystectomy specimens with primary carcinoma of urinary bladder were investigated to illustrate the overall prevalence and nature of mucosal changes adjacent to the overt carcinoma and to clarify the distribution pattern and extent of carcinoma in situ in regard with multiplicity, histological type and depth of invasion of the macroscopically visible tumor mass. Of 14 cases subjected to this study were 12 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of varying degree of differentiation and invasion, one adenocarcinoma, and the another one with no grossly detectable tumor but history of previous cystoscopic removal of papillary transitional cell carcinoma. Each specimen was processed by a histotopographic technique developed by authors, an easy access to reconstruct the mucosal changes using reconstruction paper. For the histological grading and staging of the overt carcinomas, Ash's and Collins' classifications were applied, respectively. Carcinoma in situ (CIS) was found in 10 out of 11 cases with overt urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder and one case with no grossly visible neoplasm, in which cystoscopic removal of papillary carcinoma was carried out previously. Distribution pattern of CIS was mostly circular (group I) or arborizing (group II) , located around the overt carcinoma within 0.5 to 2.0cm., but not beyond 3.0cm. from its margin. Correlation between multiplicity of overt carcinomas and presence of CIS was evident together with irregularity of its distribution, but no significance was found with gross appearance, histological grading or with staging.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma in Situ* ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Classification ; Cystectomy ; Mucous Membrane* ; Prevalence ; Urinary Bladder*

Polyploid cells in the urinary sediments often give an erroneous clinical judgement in cases of post-pelvic irradiation follow-up, but their nature and evolution have remained unclarified. An experimental induction of polyploid cells in the transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder was carried out in Sprague-Dawley rats by administration of 3,000 rads in a single dose, and their sequential morphological changes were analysed under light and electron microscopes. 1. The acute post-irradiation changes of transitional epithelial cells were manifested with two consecutive phases of degenerative process ; the early lesion started to appear from the first day after irradiation and diminished partly at the 7th day; the later changes became enhanced progressively from the 2nd week and maximized at the 3rd week, but regressed thereafter . 2. The general histological alterations of the transitional epithelial cells in the acute stage were characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolization due to profound widening of intercellular cisternal spaces and dilatation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum aside from severe disruption of mitochondria and increase of lysosomes, especially in the superficial and intermediate cells, and by eventual outcome of cell death by nuclear pyknosis and karyorrhexis. 3. The polyploid cell change was demonstrated as a spectrum of the later alterations of acute irradiation injury to the basal layer cells, and appeared early from the 2nd week and regressed after the 4th week. 4. Based on their increased size and nuclear abnormalities, those polyploid cells exhibited features of both amitotic nuclei and cytoplasmic degenerative processes ultrastructurally, and in the acute phase the nuclear indentation and lobulation were associated with increased amount of heterochromatins and margination together with nucleolar enlargement and increase in number. 5. The above cells started to regress thereafter, being terminated by nuclear pyknosis and karyolysis, and numerical reduction of the polyploid cells was accompanied concomitantly with basal (reserve) cell hyperplasia of the remained epithelium. It is of the author's assumption that the polyploid cell phenomenon induced by irradiation onto the transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder is a transient manifestation of irradiated amitotic basal cells during the later phase of acute post-irradiation injury and is subsequently removed out by nuclear pyknosis and karyolytic processes.
Animals ; Cell Death ; Cytoplasm ; Dilatation ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Smooth ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heterochromatin ; Hyperplasia ; Lysosomes ; Mitochondria ; Polyploidy* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

The levels of prostaglandin E were studied in the urine of 25 female patients with irritative bladder symptoms but no evidence of organic disease or urinary infection (female urethral syndrome). Twenty five healthy women served as a control group. A significant elevation of prostaglandin E in the urine of patient with female urethral syndrome was demonstrated (by Wilcoxon rank sum test; z= -2.32, p<0.05). The results suggest that prostaglandins may be responsible for the lower urinary tract symptoms in the patients. The potential beneficial clinical effects of prostaglandin syntheses inhibitors in treatingthe severe discomfort associated with urethral syndrome need to be evaluated further.
Female* ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Prostaglandins ; Urinary Bladder

The records of fifty two cases of the ileal conduit at the Seoul National University Hospital during a 6-year period from January 1, 1975 to December 31, 1980 were reviewed. 1. There were 42 males and 10 females (ratio of 4.2:1) ranged in age from 5 to 74 years with peak incidence in the 6th decade. 2. The most common indication of this procedure was bladder tumor and other indications were neurogenic bladder, bilateral ureteral stricture, genitourinary tuberculosis, actinomycosis, urethral stricture. urethral cancer and colon cancer. 3. Seventy seven percent of patients with abnormal renal function preoperatively improved postoperatively. 4. Operative mortality was 3.8%. Early complication included wound infection and disruption, sepsis, obstruction and urine leakage in ileoureteral junction, pneumonia, fecal leakage from ileoileal junction, postoperative acute renal failure, bleeding from ileal loop, and urethral bleeding. Late complication included intestinal obstruction, parastromal dermatitis, acute pyelonephritis, ureteral obstruction and incisional hernia. 5. Thirty three of 43 patients developed bacteriuria, 30.3% of the patients showed mixed infection and major causative organisms were Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, E. coli and Serratia.
Actinomycosis ; Acute Kidney Injury ; Bacteriuria ; Coinfection ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dermatitis ; Enterobacter ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Hernia ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Male ; Mortality ; Pneumonia ; Pseudomonas ; Pyelonephritis ; Seoul ; Sepsis ; Serratia ; Tuberculosis ; Ureter ; Ureteral Obstruction ; Urethral Neoplasms ; Urethral Stricture ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; Urinary Diversion* ; Wound Infection

A clinical observation was made on 112 cases of hypospadias which were treated at the Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital during the period June 1977 through May 1982. The results were as follows: 1. The ages were distributed from 7 months to 31 years and most of the cases (64.3%) was treated in the age group of less than 7 years. 2. Most of the types of hypospadias was penoscrotal type (43.8%). 3. Cryptorchism was the most frequent associated anomalies with 21 cases (18.8%). 4. The complication rate of other anomalies was greatest in the perineal type (81.8%). 5. Success rate of one-stage urethroplasty was 52.9%. 6. In two-stage operation, the first stage operation of 97 cases was successful except one of incomplete chordee release and the success rate of Thiersch-Duplay and Johanson second stage urethroplasty was 44.4% and 66.7% respectively. 7. As the urethral stent was used in the urethroplasty, the success rate of use of silastic tube was better than red rubber and feeding tube.
Cryptorchidism ; Female ; Humans ; Hypospadias* ; Male ; Rubber ; Seoul ; Stents ; Urology

Three cases of cystitis are described which showed irregular filling defect on the excretory cystogram and were confused with the proliferative neoplasm of bladder. Urine examination, cystoscopy and biopsy demonstrated chronic non-specific cystitis in two cases and tuberculous cystitis in another one.
Biopsy ; Cystitis* ; Cystoscopy ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

Radioactive chelate such as 99mTechnetium-diethylene triaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) is an excellent renal imaging agent which is not metabolized and is excreted exclusively in the urine by glomerular filtration. In addition to defining the gross structure and function of the collecting system, the 99mTc-DTPA dynamic renal scan permits evaluation of early renal perfusion, regional glomerular function and gross renal structure. Twenty cases were studied with 99mTc-DTPA renal scan before and/or after urological surgery in order to evaluate their renal function. Of 20 cases, 5 cases were described precisely. The 99mTc-DTPA dynamic renal scan is a sensitive examination for determining the surgical approach method and predicting renal salvageability. It is also helpful as a follow-up method of postoperative recovery of renal function.
Filtration ; Follow-Up Studies ; Perfusion

Radioactive chelate such as 99mTechnetium-diethylene triaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) is an excellent renal imaging agent which is not metabolized and is excreted exclusively in the urine by glomerular filtration. In addition to defining the gross structure and function of the collecting system, the 99mTc-DTPA dynamic renal scan permits evaluation of early renal perfusion, regional glomerular function and gross renal structure. Twenty cases were studied with 99mTc-DTPA renal scan before and/or after urological surgery in order to evaluate their renal function. Of 20 cases, 5 cases were described precisely. The 99mTc-DTPA dynamic renal scan is a sensitive examination for determining the surgical approach method and predicting renal salvageability. It is also helpful as a follow-up method of postoperative recovery of renal function.
Filtration ; Follow-Up Studies ; Perfusion

Renal functional changes following relief of obstruction were investigated with a prospective aspect in a series of 15 postoperative patients using standard renal function measurements with emphasis on osmolar and free water clearance. Sequential measurements of free water clearance revealed earlier changes of postoperative renal function than that of standard renal function. The advantage of this measurement was in postoperative patients with adequate amount of urine output or diuresis. It may be helpful to the management of patients with obstructive uropathy and to early prediction of acute renal failure, especially in patients with post-obstructive diuresis.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Biomarkers* ; Diuresis ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Water*