No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Benzimidazoles ; Blood Pressure ; Stroke ; Tetrazoles

Vitamin K, a cofactor of coagulation cascade, is used for hemostasis in patients with abnormal coagulation status. However, it is uncertain whether administration of vitamin K elevates the risk of thrombotic events. We present a patient with trauma who developed acute multiple cerebral infarctions after receiving intravenous vitamin K for several days. We presume that vitamin K can be a contributing factor for embolism in a patient with trauma.
Cerebral Infarction ; Embolism ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Vitamin K ; Vitamins

Hemichorea is caused by various diseases but stroke is the most common cause. The usual lesions of the stroke related hemichorea are the contralateral subthalamus or basal ganglia. Few cases with cortical lesion have been reported. But hemichorea with primary somatosensory cortical lesion has not yet been reported. We report a case with hemichorea after acute infarction of the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex.
Basal Ganglia ; Cerebral Infarction ; Chorea ; Infarction ; Somatosensory Cortex ; Stroke ; Subthalamus

The accessory middle cerebral artery (MCA) is an anomalous vessel which arises from the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and runs through the Sylvian fissure along with the normal MCA. Here we present a case of acute cerebral infarction in a patient with stenosis of the accessory MCA. The accessory MCA, which originated from the proximal A1 segment of the ACA, had severe focal stenosis in its proximal part and the ischemic lesions were in the frontal subcortical white matter. This case illustrates the anomalous vessel and its territory, the atheromatous vascular change, and the related ischemic insults.
Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Cerebral Infarction ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Humans ; Middle Cerebral Artery

BACKGROUND: Aspirin resistance (AR) in platelet function assays showed substantial variation depending on the methods used to evaluate it. METHODS: In this study, we prospectively compared the results of Multiplate impedance platelet aggregometry (IPA) with those of light transmission aggregometry (LTA) and VerifyNow(R) system in determination of the prevalence of aspirin resistance (AR) and investigated the correlation between its presence and poor outcome (modified Rankin scale >2) in 105 patients with aspirin after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). RESULTS: After 5 days of using aspirin, 15 patients (14.3%) were classified as aspirin-resistance with the use of IPA, 24 patients (22.9%) by the LTA, and 14 patients (13.3%) by VerifyNow. Good agreement between the results of IPA and VerifyNow, was found (R=0.674, P<0.01). The concordance rate of AR detection was high between VerifyNow and IPA (k=0.72, P<0.01), albeit quite low between LTA and IPA. Regarding on its influence on clinical outcome after AIS, there wasn't any significant relationship between occurrence of poor outcome and the presence of AR in three platelet function assays. CONCLUSION: This study reveals that the incidence of AR in AIS might be highly test-specific. IPA seems to be similar to VerifyNow as a platelet function test.
Aspirin ; Blood Platelets ; Electric Impedance ; Humans ; Incidence ; Light ; Platelet Function Tests ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Stroke

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) are established sources of cardioembolism. We investigated differences in stroke outcome and patterns between PFO and AF. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of the medical records and brain MR images of patients with AF or PFO from the prospective acute stroke and transient ischemic attack registry. Infarct pattern and volume on diffusion-weighted imaging, and the national institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS) on admission were compared between patients with AF and PFO. RESULTS: From June 2005 to July 2008, a total of 289 subjects were enrolled (AF group, n=156; PFO group, n=133). Infarct pattern analyzed with MR images revealed that multiple vascular territorial infarction was more prevalent in AF group than in PFO group (26.9% vs. 8.3%, P<0.01). A probable cardiac embolism, radiologically defined as territorial infarction without symptomatic steno-occlusion of the corresponding artery, was more frequently documented in AF group than in PFO group (71.8% vs. 41.4%, P<0.01) The infarct volume of PFO was smaller than that of AF. Compared to AF, PFO was associated with the mild neurologic deficit (NIHSS< or =3) after adjusting age, sex and previous stroke history. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that AF and PFO had different characteristics such as infarct patterns and initial clinical severity although both are classified as cardioembolism.
Arteries ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Brain ; Embolism ; Foramen Ovale, Patent ; Humans ; Infarction ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; Medical Records ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Stroke

BACKGROUND: Thrombolysis becomes an emerging therapeutic option for acute ischemic stroke. However, few reports exist on its use in the very elderly. We investigated whether there is a difference in the effectiveness and safety of intravenous (IV) and/or intra-arterial (IA) thrombolysis between patients aged > or =80 years and those aged <80 years. METHODS: A consecutive series of patients hospitalized within 12 hours from stroke onset were selected. We evaluated the effectiveness of thrombolysis with modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 3 months, and the safety with symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (sHT). The odds ratio (OR) of thrombolysis on the favorable mRS (0-2) was calculated using multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustments for potential confounders. Whether the effectiveness of thrombolysis is age-dependent or not was analyzed by introducing an interaction term (thrombolysisxage group) into multivariable models. RESULTS: Among 219 patients > or =80 years, 21% of patients received IV or IA or combined thrombolysis while 23% of 980 patients <80 years received thrombolysis (P=0.51). With respect to the favorable mRS, the adjusted ORs of thrombolysis were 1.70 (95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.68) in all subjects, 1.61 (0.58-4.49) in those > or =80 years, and 1.71 (1.05-2.78) in those <80 years. There was no significant interaction between age group and thrombolysis (P=0.91). With respect to sHT, the adjusted OR was 4.72 (1.94-11.45) in all subjects with no significant interaction (P=0.86). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that thrombolysis may be equally safe and effective in stroke patients aged > or =80 years versus <80 years.
Aged ; Electrolytes ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Odds Ratio ; Stroke ; Treatment Outcome

The aim of this article is to review the results of recent researches with regard to risk factors or primary prevention of stroke. We have discussed the contribution of various risk factors to the burden of stroke, variability in blood pressure, intensive glycemic control, lipid management, management of asymptomatic carotid stenosis, vitamin B supplements lowing homocysteine, lifestyle factors, and aspirin efficacy for primary prevention of stroke.
Aspirin ; Blood Pressure ; Carotid Stenosis ; Homocysteine ; Life Style ; Primary Prevention ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; Vitamins

Inflammatory and infectious conditions can involve the cerebral vasculature and cause stroke. Vasculitis involving central nervous system (CNS) is a heterogeneous entity of disorders characterized by inflammation and necrosis of blood vessel walls. It can be caused by noninfectious and infectious diseases. Noninfectious cause includes primary angiitis of CNS, giant cell arteritis, Takayasu's disease and Behcet's disease. Hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency and varicella-zoster viruses as well as bacterial and fungal organisms have been reported to be associated with infectious vasculitis. Inflammatory biomarkers and infectious index are in a portion regarded as risk factors of stroke. However, there is still controversy and further prospective evaluation should be performed. In the current article, the author concisely reviewed contemporary studies about inflammatory and infectious conditions associated with stroke.
Biomarkers ; Blood Vessels ; Central Nervous System ; Communicable Diseases ; Giant Cell Arteritis ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Hepatitis C ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Necrosis ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; Vasculitis